Esinye sezifo ezixhaphakileyo kwi-inecological kubantwana yi-leukemia (umdlavuza wegazi okanye i-leukemia). Ngesi sifo, iiseli zegazi zihlaselwa kwiiseli ezinobungozi, zisusa iifama eziqhelekileyo ze-hematopoietic. Inkqubo yentsholongwane evela emnzini wethambo idlula egazini, echaphazela izitho ezibalulekileyo (isibindi, i-spleen, ingqondo, i-lymph nodes). Ukunciphisa inani leeseli eziqhelekileyo kwigazi likhokelela ekudiseni i-anemia, ukukhutshwa kwe-immunity, ukwanda kwegazi, ukuphuhliswa kwezifo.
Iimbangela ze-leukemia kubantwana
Ukuze uphendule ngokungabonakaliyo kumbuzo onzima kakhulu "ukuba kutheni abantwana behlushwa yi-leukemia" abanakukwazi ukuqhubeka. Ngokweminye imfundiso, imbangela yokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo ingaba ukuphulwa kobunjwa kunye nesakhiwo seseli ye-medullary.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo yengozi ngabo bana bantwana:
- ubukho bezifo zofuzo;
- ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa komzimba omzimba;
- Izihlobo eziseduze (ikakhulukazi amawele) ezazigula ngengculaza;
- ukuchithwa kwe-chemotherapy, i-radiation, okanye uqhagamshelwano ne-benzene;
- uxinzelelo olunyanzelisiweyo lwe-immune system, xa uthabatha amayeza.
Iintlobo ze-leukemia kubantwana
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana bahlakulela i-leukemia enkulu, i-leukemia engapheliyo ebantwini inqabile kakhulu. Ukongezelela, enye ifomu ayifinyelelanga kwenye, kuba nganye ifomu yesifo ichongwa ngohlobo lweeseli ezibulalayo.
- I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia ivela kwiimeko ezi-3 ze-4 zomhlaza wesifo kubantwana;
- I-leukemia ye-myeloblastic yecala yinto yesibini eyenzeka rhoqo kubantwana;
- i-leukemia exubileyo, i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo, i-leukemia engapheliyo i-leukemia ayinqabile kubantwana.
Iimpawu ze-leukemia kumntwana
- ukuphuma kunye nokuqhawula ngaphandle kwesizathu;
- kwandisa ubushushu bomzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu;
- ukubonakala kwe-dyspnea okanye ukukhwehlela;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba nesikhumba;
- ikhanda, umonakalo nombono;
- ukulahleka kwesidlo kunye nokunyanzelisa;
- ukubonakala kokugqithisa kwesikhumba kunye nokuvuvukala esiswini, ukubola, intamo.
Xa kubonakala iimpawu zokuqala zesifo, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza, kuba ukufunyanwa kwesi sifo kunye nokuqala kwonyango kwandisa amathuba okubuyiswa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwegazi jikelele, i-bone marrow biopsy, i-spinal puncture.
Unyango lwe-leukemia kubantwana
I-regimen yonyango yonyango inqunywe ngugqirha ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwe-leukemia kunye nesigaba sayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokunyanga kwesifo esisisiseko, unyango lwe-ntsholongwane kunye nezinye iintlobo zeengxaki zesifo ziya kwenziwa. Ngethuba lokunyanga, umntwana uya kuhlala ehlala epheleleyo ekuqhagamshelaneni nehlabathi langaphandle ukuze angabandakanyi ukusuleleka kwizifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengomlinganiselo wokukhusela, i-antibiotics imiselwe.
Ukunyangwa kwesi sifo kuhloswe ekunciphiseni ukuphuhliswa kweeseli kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwabo ukuze bawaphephe ukungena kwigazi. Le nkqubo yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuba ukuba kukho ubuncinane ukuqhuma okushiye egazini, eso sifo siphumelela ngamandla amatsha.
Indlela eyona ndlela yokwelapha i-leukemia yi-chemotherapy, enokuthi yenziwe nge-intravenously, intramuscularly, kwi-cerebrospinal fluid kunye neefomethe. Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa amangqamuzana omhlaza nokunciphisa ubukhulu bezilonda zesisu.
Njengomlinganiselo wokukhusela wesifo kubalulekile ukuba uviwo oluqhelekileyo kunye neengcali kwaye uthathe iimvavanyo zelabhoratory zokukhusela. Kwabantwana abaye bafumana i-leukemia, kubalulekile ukuba baphumelele unyango olwenqabelayo. Ukubeka esweni rhoqo ukubala kwegazi kubantwana kubalulekile. Emva kokuphilisa izigulane akukhuthazwa ukuba uye kwezinye iimeko zemozulu, kunye neenkqubo zephilotherapy zichazwe.