Ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili

Ukuhlolwa kwesisu ngaphambi kokubeletha ngenye yezindlela ezibalulekileyo zokuhlola abafazi abakhulelweyo, ukuvumela ukufumana ukungaqhelekanga okungaqhelekiyo komntwana, okanye iimpawu ezingekho ngqo kwiimpazamo ezinjalo. Kuqwalaselwa njengenye yeendlela ezilula kakhulu, ezikhuselekileyo kunye nolwazi olululwazi lokufumana oomama abalindeleyo. Ukujonga i-screening kubhekisela kulawo uphando oqhutyelwa ngokukhawuleza, oko kukuthi, kubo bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo ngaphandle kokunye.

Uphando luqukethe izinto ezimbini:

  1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngaphambi kokubeletha - ukuhlalutya kwegazi elimnyama lomama ukucacisa izinto ezithile ezibonakalisa i-pathology ethile.
  2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic ye-fetus.

Ukuhlolwa kwesisu ngaphambi kokubeletha kwesifo se- trisomy ngenye yezona zifundo ezibalulekileyo ezingekho mfuneko, kodwa kunconywa ukuba ukuba umama ozayo uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-35 ubudala, ukuba abantwana abaneemvelo ezingavumelekanga sele bezalwe kwintsapho, kwaye ukuba kukho umthwalo wefa. Olu hlalutyo lunceda ukuchonga umngcipheko, oko kukuthi, ngokwenene, amathuba okuzalwa komntwana kunye nesifo se-Edwards (i-trisomy 18 i-chromosomes - ukungonakali ezininzi kweengaphakathi zangaphandle nangaphandle, ukulinda kwengqondo), isifo se-Down (i-trisomy 21 i-chromosomes) umgudu), i-Patau syndrome (i-trisomy 13 i-chromosomes - iziphoso ezinzulu zamalungu angaphakathi nangaphandle, idiocy).

Ukuhlolwa kokubeleka kwe-1 trimester

Kwi-trimester yokuqala, uviwo luqhutyelwa kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-14 kwaye luvumela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba uphuhliso lomntwana luhambisana nexesha, nokuba kukho ukukhulelwa okubanzi, nokuba umntwana ukhula ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngeli xesha, i-trisomy 13, 18 ne-21 nayo ihlolwe kwakhona. Udokotela we-ultrasound kufuneka alinganise indawo ebizwa ngokuba yikholaji (indawo apho umbane uqokelela khona entanyeni phakathi kweethambo ezinotsholongwane kunye nesikhumba) ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto engabonakaliyo ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. Iziphumo ze-ultrasound zifaniswa nemiphumo yokuhlolwa kwegazi lomfazi (izinga le-hormone yokukhulelwa kunye nepropheni ye-RAPP-A ilinganiswa ). Uthelekiso olunjalo lwenziwe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yekhompyutha eqwalasela iimpawu zomntu okhulelweyo.

Ukubonwa kwangaphambili kwe-2 trimester

Kwi-iveji yesibini (kwiiveki ezingama-16 ukuya kwe-20), ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqhutyelwa kwi-AFP, hCG kunye ne-estriol yamahhala, kunye ne-ultrasound ye-fetus yenziwa kwaye umngcipheko we-trisomy 18 no-21 uvavanywa.Ukuba kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba into ephosakeleyo ngumntwana, ngoko ulwalathiso luya kunikwa iingxaki zokuxilonga ezinxulumene nokubhoboza i-uterus kunye nokuqokelelwa kwegazi le-amniotic yamanzi kunye ne-fetal, kodwa kwi-1-2% yamatyala enjalo yinkqubo yokukhulelwa kwengxaki kunye nokufa komntwana.

Kwi-trimester yesithathu, kwiiveki ezingama-32-34, i-ultrasound iyenziwa ngenjongo yokufumanisa ukungaqhelekanga kwexesha elide.