Uphando luqukethe izinto ezimbini:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngaphambi kokubeletha - ukuhlalutya kwegazi elimnyama lomama ukucacisa izinto ezithile ezibonakalisa i-pathology ethile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic ye-fetus.
Ukuhlolwa kwesisu ngaphambi kokubeletha kwesifo se- trisomy ngenye yezona zifundo ezibalulekileyo ezingekho mfuneko, kodwa kunconywa ukuba ukuba umama ozayo uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-35 ubudala, ukuba abantwana abaneemvelo ezingavumelekanga sele bezalwe kwintsapho, kwaye ukuba kukho umthwalo wefa. Olu hlalutyo lunceda ukuchonga umngcipheko, oko kukuthi, ngokwenene, amathuba okuzalwa komntwana kunye nesifo se-Edwards (i-trisomy 18 i-chromosomes - ukungonakali ezininzi kweengaphakathi zangaphandle nangaphandle, ukulinda kwengqondo), isifo se-Down (i-trisomy 21 i-chromosomes) umgudu), i-Patau syndrome (i-trisomy 13 i-chromosomes - iziphoso ezinzulu zamalungu angaphakathi nangaphandle, idiocy).
Ukuhlolwa kokubeleka kwe-1 trimester
Kwi-trimester yokuqala, uviwo luqhutyelwa kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-14 kwaye luvumela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba uphuhliso lomntwana luhambisana nexesha, nokuba kukho ukukhulelwa okubanzi, nokuba umntwana ukhula ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngeli xesha, i-trisomy 13, 18 ne-21 nayo ihlolwe kwakhona. Udokotela we-ultrasound kufuneka alinganise indawo ebizwa ngokuba yikholaji (indawo apho umbane uqokelela khona entanyeni phakathi kweethambo ezinotsholongwane kunye nesikhumba) ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto engabonakaliyo ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. Iziphumo ze-ultrasound zifaniswa nemiphumo yokuhlolwa kwegazi lomfazi (izinga le-hormone yokukhulelwa kunye nepropheni ye-RAPP-A ilinganiswa ).
Ukubonwa kwangaphambili kwe-2 trimester
Kwi-iveji yesibini (kwiiveki ezingama-16 ukuya kwe-20), ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqhutyelwa kwi-AFP, hCG kunye ne-estriol yamahhala, kunye ne-ultrasound ye-fetus yenziwa kwaye umngcipheko we-trisomy 18 no-21 uvavanywa.Ukuba kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba into ephosakeleyo ngumntwana, ngoko ulwalathiso luya kunikwa iingxaki zokuxilonga ezinxulumene nokubhoboza i-uterus kunye nokuqokelelwa kwegazi le-amniotic yamanzi kunye ne-fetal, kodwa kwi-1-2% yamatyala enjalo yinkqubo yokukhulelwa kwengxaki kunye nokufa komntwana.
Kwi-trimester yesithathu, kwiiveki ezingama-32-34, i-ultrasound iyenziwa ngenjongo yokufumanisa ukungaqhelekanga kwexesha elide.