Emlonyeni womntu, iindawo ezininzi eziphilayo ziphila, ezichaphazela kakubi i-enamel yamazinyo. Iibhaktheriya zibangela ukutshabalalisa, okusoloko kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwee-caries. Ngaphandle kokwenza unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo, isifo siyaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye sisasazeka kumazinyo aphilileyo.
Yintoni egcina
Ukuguqulelwa kwegama lokukhubazeka kwiLatin - ukubola. Isifo esicatshungulwayo siyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nengcipheko yokutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu ezinamazinyo ezinzima ngama-microbes. Ukubonakala kwee-caries kuchazwe ngokutshabalalisa i- enamel kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo sayo phantsi kwefuthe lezinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Kuthatyathwa kancinci nakwezinye iisisu ezinzima zinozinyo, kuquka ne-dentin. Ukuba akukho nonyango echanekileyo, i-periodontitis kunye ne-pulp zivutha.
Izizathu zokuba
- ukungalunganga okanye ukungahlambuluki ngomlomo;
- ukungabikho kwamavithamini;
- ukutya okunempilo kunye ne-predominance ye-carbohydrate elula.
- izifo zengxube zezilwanyana ezingapheliyo;
- i-pathology yegciwane lesisu;
- iziphene okanye isifo sofuba ku-anamnesis;
- izifo zamasosha omzimba;
- ukungabikho kwe-phosphorus, i- calcium okanye i-fluorine;
- izikhala kunye nezikhala phakathi kwamazinyo;
- ilanga elingalunganga ngaphandle kwonyango;
- isixa esincinci, isakhiwo se-pathogenic saliva;
- imfuza.
Iintlobo zee-caries
Kukho izigaba ezahlukeneyo zesifo, kodwa oogqirha abaqhelekileyo basebenzisa ulwahlulo ngendawo kunye nesigaba. Ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo yokubola, ezi ntlobo zentlupheko zilandelayo:
- Umlomo wesibeleko - i-caries kwinxalenye engezantsi yezinyo, emngceleni kunye negum.
- I-Fissure (umnxibelelwano) - intshabalalo kwimingxuma yee-molars.
- I-interdental - i-caries in the space phakathi kwamazinyo.
- Ikhusi - isilonda somlomo wesibeleko kunye neenkqubo zokubeka phantsi kwegum.
- Amanqwanqwa amazinyo angaphambili - ukutshabalaliswa kwezinto ezinqamlekileyo kumanxweme.
- Iatrogenic - umonakalo ojikeleze iiprotheses, i-braces nezinye izakhiwo zokonyango.
Amanyathelo okugcina
Ngokwezinga lokutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu ezinamazinyo ezinzima, lesi sifo sichazwa kwiifom ezilandelayo:
- Isigaba sendawo. Amaqanda amazinyo kwezinye iindawo aguqula umbala, abe mhlophe. Unyango lwama-caries kule nqanaba lukhawuleza kwaye lubuhlungu. I-Cretaceous stain ibonakaliswe ngonakaliso oluncinane.
- Izixhobo ezingaphezulu. I-Enamel ilahlekelwa ngamaminerali ayo, ifumana isakhiwo esibi. Kukho ukunyuka kwenyameko kwamazinyo kushushu, kubanda, kumnandi kwaye kumuncu.
- Umyinge wendawo. Amanxuwa angabi nje nge-eamel kuphela, kodwa nomda wayo kunye ne-dentin. Ukulimala kwizinyo kubonakala ngokucacileyo, iintlungu zivakalelwa, ngakumbi xa zichazwe ukutya nokusela.
- Uxinzelelo olunzulu. Ukujikeleza kufinyelela kwi-dentin kunye noqwelo olukufuphi olukufuphi. I-syndrome yesifo isigxina kwaye isomelele.
Ziziphi izinto eziyingozi?
Ngaphandle kwonyango olufike ngexesha, i-pathology iqhubekela phambili kwaye idala iingxaki. I-deep cental caries ingakhokelela kwimiphumo elandelayo:
- I-Pulpitis ukuvuvukala kwezakhiwo zangaphakathi ezithambileyo, kubandakanywa nemizwa, imithana yegazi kunye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo.
- I-Periodontitis kukutshatyalaliswa nokuphazanyiswa kobugqwetha bemigqa ebeka izinyo kwi-gum nangomhlathi.
- I-Granuloma - isotshi (i-cyst) ezaliswe ngepus. Efumaneka kwingcambu yezinyo, ingqwalasela yentsholongwane engapheliyo emzimbeni.
Unyango lwe-caries kunye nokufakela
Ukulungiswa kweendawo eziwonakalisiweyo kuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwazo zonke iiscupu ezihlahliweyo kunye nezicathulo. Nangona le ndlela yodwa indlela yokukrazula i-caries kwisigaba esicacileyo sesifo. Amancuba asetshenzisiweyo athatyathwa ngamanqaku afanelekileyo afana namanqindi. Izinto zanamhlanje zibonakala zendalo kwaye azifani ngombala ezivela kumazinyo azo.
Unyango lwee-staries
Ulwaphulo lwama-classic kunye nokulotywa kweendawo ezichaphazelekayo lwenziwa ngokwezicwangciso eziqhelekileyo, amanyathelo athile angatshintshwa ngudokotela wamazinyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimpawu zomntu ngamnye. Utyando lwee-caries luquka ezi zilandelayo zigaba:
- U kucocwa. I-plaque kunye nelitye lisuswa kwizinyo ezigulayo kunye neendawo ezikufutshane.
- Anesthesia. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-anesthesia ayifuni. Kubalulekile xa kususwe i-cary deep and cricket, unyango luquka ukujoba i-anesthetic kwi-gum.
- Ukupheliswa kweendawo ezichaphazelekayo. Ukulungiswa kweendawo ezibolile kunye nezicubu eziseduze zenziwa.
- Isolation. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba itywina lihlala ixesha elide kunokwenzeka, kuyimfuneko ukukhuphela naluphi na umswakama (umquba, amanzi avela emoyeni okhuphekileyo) ukusuka ekungeneni kwizinyo eziphathwayo. Ngaphambili, i-cotton swabs kunye neepayipi ze-gauze zazisetyenziselwa le njongo, ezazisetyenziselwa kwindawo elungiselelwe. Ukunyangwa kwamaxesha amanyathelo okubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-cofferdam. Yisitye se-latex esinika ukwahlukana okupheleleyo kwezinyo.
- Ukulungiselela ukutywinwa. Iindawo ezidibeneyo ziphathwe nge-antiseptics, i-enamel ifakwe nge-phosphoric acid kunye ne-adhesive. Ezi zigaba zonyango zithintela usuleleko kwaye zikhuthaza ukunyanzeliswa okungcono kwezinto eziphathekayo kumathambo amazinyo. Xa amaqhagamshelwano kunye neendonga zecala zibhujiswa, udokotela wamazinyo abuyisela kwakhona.
- Ukutywinwa. I-gasket ye-glasson-ionomer samente isetyenziswe ngaphantsi kwesakhiwo esilungisiwe. I-photopolymer material ifakwe phezulu, ekhethiweyo kumbala wendalo wamazinyo aphilileyo. Uluhlu ngalunye lukhanyiswa sisibane esikhethekileyo, esiqinisekisa ukuqina kitywina.
- Ukutshaya. Isigaba sokugqibela sonyango siyimfuneko ukubuyisela ubuchule bokuhlafuna inyolo kunye nesimo sokuqala. Ukutshaya kwenza kube lula kwaye kuphephe, njenge-enamel.
Iintlobo zokuzaliswa kwamazinyo
Izinto ezichazweyo zihlulwe zibe zisesigxina kwaye zihlala zihlala. Kwimeko yokuqala, i-dentin yokufakelwa isetyenziswa. Bavala umgca apho i-arsenic ifakwa khona ukuze ingagcini kwaye isuse intshontsho. Emva kweentsuku ezi-1-3, le tyikityo isuswe kwaye enye yeendlela ezingasigxina zokonyango isetyenziswe:
- Cement. Izinto ezingabizi, izinto ezilula ukuzisebenzisa, ngokukhawuleza zigqithise, zinyamezele amazinyo.
- OMnxeba. Eyona ndlela ihlala yomeleleka, kodwa iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwempawu zokufaka iimpawu. Izinto eziphathekayo azizange zisetyenziswe kunyango ngenxa yeempawu eziphathekayo ezingokonakaliyo kunye nezakhiwo zobugcisa.
- Iiplastiki okanye izakhi. Izinto ezizinzileyo, ezikhethwa lula ngumbala kumthunzi wendalo wamazinyo. Izimbozo ezinjalo zinokuthi zityhefu, ngokukhawuleza zibe mnyama kwaye zibe zivalo, ezenza ukuba kuphele ukubola.
- Photopolymers. Izinto zanamhlanje, ezikhuselekileyo nezikhuselekileyo zonyango, zomelele ngaphantsi kwefuthe le-ultraviolet. Ngombulelo kwiimpawu zobugcisa obuhle kakhulu, iimpawu ezinjalo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphilisa amazinyo kumazinyo angaphambili. Ukunyuka kofakelo kuhlawulwa yinkonzo enkonzo ende.
- Depoforez. Emlonyeni wesiteshi esicacileyo, i-hydroxide yobhedu kunye ne-calcium iyaziswa, i-electrode engenayo ifakwe, i-electrode enokusetyenziswa isetekini. Emva kokunika ukukhutshwa kwi-2 mA, zonke ii-microorganisms zitshabalaliswa. Ngokuncedwa kwe-depophoresis, kunye neengxaki zoxinzelelo ziphathwa.
- Ukuzaliswa kwe-gutta-percha eshushu. Izinto ezinokushisa ukuya kuma-digridi angama-100 zondliwa kwisitishi. I-resin igcwalisa zonke iindawo kwaye zikhawuleza.
- Ukuzaliswa kwama-Gutta-percha. Elinye okanye izikhonkwane ezikhethiweyo ezihambelana nomfanekiso wesigxina zifakwe kwisitishi.
- Isitywina sesibini (kunye ne-gasket). I-sandwich yobuciko kwindlela yamazinyo yintsebenziswano ye-glass ionomer samente (ungqimba ongaphakathi) kunye nenxalenye (yangaphandle).
Iindlela zanamhlanje zonyango
Kwi-dentistry eqhubekayo le teknoloji elandelayo yonyango isetyenziswa:
Unyango lwama-caries ngaphandle kokubamba amazinyo
Kwizigaba ezilula zokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana, umntu akakwazi ukukhawuleza ngokulungiselela nokukhutshwa kwezicubu ezinzima. Izindlela eziphambili kakhulu zokunyanga izibonda ngaphandle kokuqhuma:
- ukuvezwa kwelaser;
- gel unyango;
- icon-teknoloji.
Unyango lwe-caries yi-laser
Inkqubo entsha yokususa i-koqweqwe loqweqwe olubiweyo ngokukhuphuka. Unyango lwee-caries ngaphandle kokubamba i-drill lufanelekile kuphela unyango lweendlela eziphambili zesifo. Ukuba ukubola kufikelele kwi-dentin, ukuvezwa kwe-laser ngeke kuvelise umphumo oyifunayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba unyango oluqhelekileyo unyango ngokulungiselela. Emva kokunyanga kwelasi, kufuneka ukuzaliswa.
Unyango lwe-caries nge gel
I-teknoloji esetyenzisiweyo ayizange iqaliswe kwiizinyo zamathambo, isilwanyana savavanywa kuphela kwiigundane. Ngokuqinisekileyo, olu buchule luya kuvumela ukuba i-caries iphathwe kwindawo okanye iinqanaba zokuqala. Ingundoqo yonyango yongeniso kwisibonda esonakaliswe i-gel ekhethekileyo eneep peptides. Itshintsha i-genetics yebhaktheriya ebangela ukubola, kwaye ikhupha isahlulo seeseli, apho i-enamel iqulethe khona. Ngenxa yoko, indawo echaphazelekayo iyakhula.
Icon-iteknoloji - unyango lwe-caries
Le ndlela yonyango ayisebenzanga kwiifom eziphakathi kunye nezobunzulu zesifo. Itheknoloji yekhonkco inikeza unyango kwi-caries zakudala ngelixa likwinqanaba lebala. Emva kokuhlanjululwa ngokugqibeleleyo kwezinyo ezichaphazelekayo, i-enamel igqitywe nge-gel e-grazing ebulala ama-pathogenic microorganms. Emva kwemizuzu emi-2, le nkunkuma iyahlanjululwa kunye nomhlaba uyomiswa. Kwiindawo ezilungiselelwe ukungena kwi-Icon isetyenziswa kwaye i-polymerization yayo yenziwa nge-ultraviolet. Izibonda ezincinci ezichaphazelekayo "zitywinwe" kwaye i-kool ezinyo zibuyiselwa.
Prophylaxis ye-caries
Ukuthintela iinkqubo zokubeka iifayili kwindawo yomlomo kubalulekile ukutyelela amazinyo rhoqo kwaye uqhuba iimviwo ezicwangcisiweyo, zonke iinyanga ezi-4-6.
Ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwamazinyo:
- ukucoca imihla ngemihla, ubuncinane amaxesha amabini ngosuku;
- ukutya okunokulinganisela;
- Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ze-carbohydrate, iiskese;
- ukubandakanywa kwentlanzi kunye neentlanzi zasemanzini kwimenyu;
- ukutya okutshiza;
- ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zobisi ezityisiweyo okanye izithako nge calcium;
- unyango lwezifo zomlomo;
- ukucoca rhoqo kwamazinyo (kanye emva kweenyanga ezi-6-12);
- Umlomo uhlambe okanye usebenzise i-chewing gum emva kokutya;
- ukuthintela ekudleni kweemveliso ngeqondo eliphantsi okanye eliphezulu.