Ukutyala utamatato kwi-seedling yindlela efanelekileyo yokutshala imbewu

Indlela eya kwilanga elimnandi nelomoya ovela kwintsimi yesitato esuka kwintsimi yakho iqala ngokutshala i-tomato kwiimbewu. Ukukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lokuhlwayela, izinto ezintle zembewu, umhlaba onomsoco kunye nothando lwezityalo ziya kuba siqinisekiso sokuvunwa kwetato.

Ukutyala imbewu yeentatayi kwiimbewu

Ukulima kwezilwanyana zentamatayi kunezigaba eziliqela. Ukugqithiswa kuyo nayiphi na inokuthi ibe yinto engeyiyo yokubulala isityalo, kwaye kukhokelela ekudakaleni okukhulu. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela yonke imithetho yokutyala utamatisi kwizityalo:

1. Ukukhethwa kwembewu. Xa kuthengwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ukukhetha ukhetho lweetamatati, ukuxutywa okanye ukuqokelela kwindawo efana neemeko zemozulu. Ukusuka kwimpahla yezinto eziqokelelwa kuyo, kuyimfuneko ukulahla zonke izinto ezingezantsi, ukushiya imbewu yefomu echanekileyo ngaphandle komonakalo wangaphandle.
2. Ukulungiselela imbewu. Unceda ukukhawuleza ukuhluma nokunyuka ukuchasana nezifo. Kubandakanya ukuhlunga, ukuxilonga, ukuqina nokugubha.
3. Ukulungiselela umhlaba. Ukutshala utamatisi kwiingcambu kunokuveliswa zombini kwizityalo zomhlaba wonke kunye nokuxutywa komhlaba kumveliso. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, umhlaba kufuneka uphathwe ngaphambili: ubhaka kwi-oven (10-15 imizuzu, 180-200 ° C) okanye kwi-microwave (1-2 imizuzu, 850 watts). Emva koko, umhlaba uchithe isisombululo se-potassium permanganate kwaye sishiye kwigumbi elifudumeleyo kwiintsuku eziyi-10-12 ukwenzela ukuba ii-microorganisms eziyimfuneko ukuze utamatisi we-seedling ungandise emhlabeni.
4. Ukunyulwa kwamandla. Ukutshala i-tomato kwiimbewu kuya kufana nokulinganisa ubuncinane (malunga ne-10 cm) yezigulane ezikhuselekileyo ezinamanzi amaninzi.
5. Imeko efunekayo yokuvalelwa. Ukuze izityalo ziphuhlise ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye zifanele zibonelele ngezinga eliphakamileyo lamanzi, ukuchelela rhoqo, ukukhanya okulungileyo (iiyure ezili-10-12 ngosuku), ukukhanyisa kunye namaqondo okushisa okungenani + 16 ° C ebusuku no-25 ° C emini.

Ukulungiselela izityalo zentamatato zokutshala kwiimbewu

Ukuqinisekisa ukufunwa okukhulu kunye nokwandisa ubukhulu, unyango lwee-tomato imbewu lunceda ngaphambi kokutshala kwizithombo:

1. Ukuhlela. Ihluma imbewu encinci (eyomileyo). Kuphekwe kwi-1 tbsp. i-spoonful yetyuwa kunye neglasi yamanzi eshushu afudisa imbewu, yishiye imizuzu eyi-15, isuse yonke into ejikelezayo. Bonke abanye bahlamba kwaye bomelelwe ukuze kusetyenziswe ngakumbi.
2. Ukukhutshwa komzimba. Phezulu kwembewu inokuphila izifo eziyingozi kwi-tomato yegciwane kunye nezifo zefungal. Zicima ngokubamba ngenye yeendlela ezilandelayo:

• ijusi le-aloe;
• isisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate;
• isisombululo sesoda;
• "IPhytosporin".

Ukutshala ixesha letamatato kwihluma

Ixesha lokutyala iitamatato zezithombo zikhethwa ngokusesikweni ukuba zimele zibe kwintsimi eneminyaka eyi-45 ukuya kwe-50. Ukubekwa phantsi kwelo mthetho, iitamatisi ziya kulungiswa kumhlaba ovulekile kwaye ungavumeli ukuvuna okupheleleyo. Ngokomyinge, iintsuku ezifanelekileyo zokutshala imbewu yeentamatayi ziwela phezu:

• 20.02-15.03 kwimimandla esezantsi;
• 15.03-01.04 kwimimandla ephambili;
• 01.04-15.04 kwimimandla esemantla.

Utamatisi - ukutshala ngeentlobo, iindlela

Inkqubo yengcambu ye-tomato kulula ukuyiphatha izilonda ezincinci. Oku kwenza kube lula ukukhetha indlela iitamatato ezotyalelwa ngayo izityalo: i-classical (kwiimbewu) kunye nokukhethwa kweekhasethi, iipot, ipilisi kunye neenkila. Ukutsalwa okufanelekileyo kweentlobo zentamatato kwizityalo kwiindlela zakudala kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Kwiimithonjeni (ubunzulu be-1 cm), imbewu iyafakwa kumanyathelo ama-5-7 cm, ifafazwe phezulu ngenhlabathi enomanzi.
2. Izityalo zihlanganiswe ngendawo encinane yokutshisa kunye nokufakwa endaweni efudumeleyo (+23 ... + 25 ° C).
3. Ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale ihluma, i-greenhouse yomoya womoya yonke imihla, kwaye umhlaba ugcinwa kwindawo emanzi (kodwa engamanzi).
4. Emva kweveki ezi-1.5-2, indawo yokukhusela isusiwe, kwaye izithombo zixutywa phantsi kweengcambu.

Ukutyala utamatato kwi-seedling kwi-cochlea

Ukugcina ngokugqithiseleyo indawo kwindawo yefestile inceda ukutyala utamatato kwintanki . Iveliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Isiseko (ifilimu ye-polyethylene okanye i-substrate ye-laminate) sinqunyulwa ibe yimichilo eyi-10 cm ububanzi kunye ne-1.5 metres ubude.
2. Ngaphezulu kwesiseko, amaphepha amaninzi ephepha langasese aphantsi kwaye aphethwe ngokucacileyo kwisibhamu somthi.
3. Beka imbewu yamatamatisi elungiselelwe iphepha ukuze babe ngu-2 cm ukusuka kwelinye lamaphethelo e-tape kunye no-3-5 cm.
4. Izityalo zihlanganiswe ngolunye uluhlu lwamaphepha kunye nokunyanga.
5. Isakhiwo senziwe nge-roll (i-cochlea), umgangatho we-tape uyakhiwa ukusuka kumda wangaphantsi we-tape (i-tucked) kwaye ifakwe kwisitya esibanzi.
6. Emva kokuvela kweentlobo, i-cochlea iyabonakala kwaye ugcino lomhlaba luthululelwa kwiphepha uze ubuyele kwindawo yalo yangaphambili.
7. Kwiintsuku eziyi-10-14, izityalo ziphulwe kwiikomityi, zishiya izityalo ezibuthakathaka kwi-cochlea ukuze zikhule.

Ukutyala utamatato kwiimbewu kwiipilisi zamaphetshana

Ukukhula kwi-subatate ekhutshweyo ye-peat ikhusela iingcambu kumonakalo kwaye iququzelela ubomi bomthengisi-akukho mfuneko yokukhetha nokutshintshwa. Izithombo zifudukela emhlabathini kunye nesitya ( ithebhulethi ) apho sikhula khona. Ukutyala utamatato kwiipilisi zamaphepha e-peat zilandelayo:

1. Kwimingxuma ephakathi kwithebhulethi (ububanzi be-4-6 cm), enye ibini okanye amabini.
2. Ithebhulethi ifakwe kwisitya se-drip kunye nemingxuma yamanzi kunye neleyo.
3. Ngaphambi kokuvela kweentlobo, i-pallet ifakwa kwi-mini-greenhouse (ehlanganiswe ne-polyethylene okanye iglasi).

Ukutyala utamatisi ngaphandle kokukhethwa

Ukukrazula ukutshintshwa kwendawo yokutshintshwa kwintsimi kukunceda ukutshala imbewu yeentamatyi ngaphandle kokuphamba :

1. Izikhuni zomntu ngamnye (i-cassette, iipot) zizaliswa ngomhlaba nge 1/3.
2. Kwisitya ngasinye sesine-3-4 i-grains ifakwe kwaye ifafazwe ngumgca omncinci womhlaba. Phezulu kwendawo yokuhlala yokuhlala kunye neendawo ezifudumeleyo.
3. Njengoko ukukhula kukhula, izityalo ezibuthakathaka zixutywa ngezihlandlo eziliqela (kunqunyulwa kwiingcambu), kwaye umhlaba ufefa, ukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweengcambu.

Xa imbewu yokutyala ityalwe emva kokutshala?

Ixesha lokuvela kwembewu yeerato emva kokutshala lixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Kwigumbi elinokushisa kwe-25 ° C le nkqubo iya kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-3-5, ngo-20 ° C ukukhula kokuqala kuza kubonakala emhlabeni ngomhla we-7, kunye nokupholisa ngo-10 ... + 12 ° C iya kucotha ukuphuhliswa kwezityalo kwaye abayi kuhamba phambi kwe-12 -15 iintsuku. Kulo lonke ixesha, umhlaba kufuneka ugcinwe kwindawo enomanzi, kodwa kungabikho umkhukula.