Xa uneminyaka engama-2.5-3, umboniso womntwana kufuneka ulungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba umntwana uyagula nge-strabismus (strabismus), kubalulekile ukutyelela ngokukhawuleza i-ophthalmologist kwaye uqale unyango olunzulu. Ngaphandle kolwaphulo olufanelekileyo, iingxaki ezingenakuguquka zingenzeka, kwaye ubuninzi obubonakalayo buya kuhlahloka ngokukhawuleza.
Iintlobo ze-strabismus
Ukwahlula kwe-strobism lwenziwa ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:
- indiza yomfundi ukuphambuka kwisimo esiqhelekileyo;
- ukubandakanyeka kwamehlo;
- uzinzo lwezifo;
- bunzima;
- isizathu esona sizathu;
- ibonakaliso yangaphandle.
Ngokuphambuka komfundi kwi-axis echanekileyo, u-strabismus kubantwana uhlukaniswe ngamaqela alandelayo:
- hlukana;
- guquka;
- ecacileyo;
- zixutywe.
Ngokuhambelana nokubandakanyeka kwentsholongwane yeziliso kuyahlukana kwiintlobo ezimbini:
- monolateral;
- ukutshintsha.
Ngokwexesha lokubonakalisa, iStrabismus ineefom 2:
- rhoqo;
- ngezikhathi.
Amagatya esi sifo ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lokuphambuka kwamehlo ukusuka kumgca wendawo:
- ubuncinane (ukuya kuma-degrees ama-5);
- ukukhanya (6-10 degrees);
- umyinge (11-20 degrees);
- phezulu (21-36 degrees);
- Unzima (ngaphezulu kwama-36 degrees).
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukucacisa imvelaphi ye-strabismus kubantwana - izizathu kunye nokunyangwa kwe-strabismus zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuba ukukhubazeka kukukhubazeka, kubangela ukuba i-muscle idibeneyo. Kwiimeko ezinje, iliso elilodwa kuphela lisoloko linyuka, liyi-static okanye lilinganiselwe ukuhamba. Kunzima ukujamelana nale fomu ye-strabismus. Uhlobo oluthile lwesifo lubonakaliswe ukuphambuka kwi-axis efanelekileyo yamehlo omabili ngokuthe ngqo. Olu hlobo lwe-strabismus luhlelwa ngamacandelwana ngokubhekiselele kwixesha apho liphikisana kumntwana:
- ukuhlala - malunga neminyaka emithathu;
- indawo yokuhlala - 1-2 iminyaka;
- engekho yokuhlala - nayiphi na ixesha.
Ngokubonakalisa kwangaphandle kwahlula iintlobo ezinjalo ze-strabismus:
- ubuxoki (ukucinga) - ukungabikho kweengxaki ze-oculomotor;
- i-latentry-asymmetry of learners is determined kuphela xa iso linye livaliwe;
- ingxaki ebonakalayo.
I-strabismus ye-Divergent kubantwana
Uhlobo oluchaziweyo lwe-strabismus okanye i-exotrophy lubonakalisa ukuphambuka komfundi etafileni. Ukufakela ubungqingili obusondeleyo kubantwana kubakho ukudibana kunye nezinye izibhedlele ezibonakalayo, ngokukodwa ukujonga. Ngaphandle kwe-exotrophy yokukhubazeka, umfundi akahambanga nhlobo, okanye uhamba kakhulu ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezihlunu kunye nokuqhutyelwa kwamanzi.
Inkqubo yokuguqula abantwana
Ifom ye-pathology (i-esotropia) ebonwa ngolu hlobo kukufuduka komfundi ukuya kwibhulorho ekhaleni. Ukuguqulwa kwe-strabismus yobungane kubantwana kukwafunyaniswa kwakhona kunye nezifo ezibangelwa ukungonakaliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ngokubhekiselele ekugqibeleni. Kwimeko ye-paraltictic esotropic strabismus, umfundi uhlala esondele kufuphi nebhulophu yempumlo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akahambanga.
I-strabismus ebonakalayo kubantwana
Kukho iinguqu ezi-2 zolu hlobo lwesifo:
- hypertropy - iliso lihamba phezulu;
- i-hypotrophy - umfundi "uyawa" phantsi.
Kukho iindidi ezidibeneyo zengcinezelo kubantwana, xa iifom ezahlukeneyo ezichazwe ngasentla zidibene. Ezi zilandelayo zidibaniso ezixutywayo zivame ukuxilongwa:
- i-exotrophy ne hypotropy;
- isotropia kunye ne-hypertropy.
Isicangca sengqondo kubantwana
Ukuseka inyaniso ye-strabismus kwaye iqinisekise ukuba ukuxilongwa kwesigxina kunokuphela kwe-ophthalmologist ngoncedo lweemvavanyo ezizodwa. I-strabismus yamanga kubantwana ngokusoloko ikhunjulwa kwasebuntwaneni. Ingcamango ye-asymmetry yomfundi ivela kwizinto ezikhethiweyo zakhiwo zekhane kwiintsana. Ekhoneni lelihlo basenokuba lukhuni olukhulu lwekhumba, kwaye impumlo ikhulu kakhulu. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, amathambo kunye ne-cartilage zenziwa kwakhona, kwaye umbono womntwana uya kugxininisa.
Kukho i-strabismus efihliweyo kubantwana. Ubonakaliswe ngokuphuhliswa kwemisipha ebonakalayo. Ubungqineko befom ye-strabismus ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo wabantwana, xa umntwana ebheka ngamehlo omabili. Ukungahambisani nokuhamba kwabo kubonakala kuphela xa kuqhutywa uvavanyo oluthile. Ukuba iliso elinye livaliwe, umfundi wesibini uphambukela kwi-axis. Olu bunzima lubunzima ukuchonga ngokuzimeleyo, ngoko ke abazali kufuneka bahlale behlala behamba nezingane zabo kwiimviwo eziqhelekileyo kwi-ophthalmologist.
I-Strabismus - izizathu
Kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezibangela ingxaki embukwaneni. Ukuphuhlisa unyango olufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukufumanisa okokubangela ukuba kuphuhliswe uphuhliso lwezilwanyana. Iimbangela ze-strabismus kubantwana zihlukaniswe ziintlobo ezilandelayo (kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ngezantsi):
- Ukuzalwa komntwana (inzala) - ukuxhamla kubakho ukususela ekusaneni;
- zifunyenwe - esi sifo siya kuqala emva konyaka ongu-1.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwabantwana abathintekayo kubantwana
Iintsana zihlolisiswa yi-ophthalmologist, ukubonisana okuphambili kwenziwa ngenyanga 1. Iingcali ziyazi indlela yokumisela i-strabismus kumntwana nangona ubudala, ngoko ke, oogqirha abafanele baphoswe. I-Strabismus inokuvela kwixesha lokuzalwa, kodwa kunzima ukuyixilonga yedwa. Iimbangela ze-strabismus kwiintsana:
- I-Louis-Bar syndrome;
- ukuxhatshazwa;
- ukukhubazeka kokukhulelwa;
- Isifo sikaBrown;
- i-hypoxia yobusana ;
- ukungasebenzi komsebenzi we-nervous and muscular system;
- ukungena kwintambo kunye nezinye.
I-strabismus efunyenwe kubantwana
Ukuba ekuzaleni umbono womntwana ulungelelaniswa, kodwa kamva kubonakala ukutshatyalaliswa, kubalulekile ukufumana izinto ezibangele ukuphuhliswa kwayo. Emva kokupheliswa kwabo, kulula ukulungisa intlobo kubantwana - izimbangela kunye nokonyango lwezilwanyana zixhomekeke ngqo. I-strabism efumanekayo ingavela kwimvelaphi yeengxaki ezilandelayo:
- i-dysstrophic retinal ;
- ukubona okufutshane ;
- cataract;
- ukujonga phambili;
- umonakalo wokuphela kwezidanga;
- nzakala;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- uxinzelelo olunzima;
- neurosis ;
- izilonda ze-cortex ye-cerebral okanye i-pituitary gland;
- u koyika ;
- iimvumba;
- isifo se-thyroid nabanye.
Abanye abazali babona into efana ne-strabismus engumzanyana emntwaneni. I-strabism ayibonakali ngokungenangqiqo. Kukho inokwenzeka ukuba ukukhubazeka kuphuhlisiwe, okanye i-angle ye-pupil ukuphambukela kwi-axis eqhelekileyo yayingaphantsi kakhulu. Ukulungiselela unyango oluchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane zonke iinkqubo zokuxilonga kwaye qi
Indlela yokuphilisa intsholongwane kumntwana?
Ukuqhelanisa isimo somfundi kubalulekile ukufumanisa uhlobo lwe-strabismus, iqondo kunye nezizathu. Utyando lwe-strabismus kubantwana luphuhliswa ngabanye yi-ophthalmologist. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesifo, unyango luquka:
- ukugqoka izixhobo ezizodwa;
- mpe mbelelo;
- ukwenza i-gymnastics kwamehlo;
- yezobisi;
- ukungenelela.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukulungisa umlenze kumntwana?
Abanye abazali bakholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela umntwana ngokuqhelekileyo. I-Ophthalmologists iphendula ngokuqinisekileyo kumbuzo othi ingaba i-strabismus iyaphathwa kwabantwana. Izindlela zonyango zonyango zibonelela ngeziphumo eziqinisekileyo nezizinzileyo. Ngaphandle kokungasebenzi kweendlela zokwenza unyango, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi olungisa i-strabismus kubantwana nangayiphi na imeko, kubandakanywa iintlobo zesifo sokukhubazeka kunye nokukhubazeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi izizathu.
Ulwaphulo lwezifo ezichazwe lude kwaye luhamba kancane. Kufuneka ukhethe i-ophthalmologist emva kokuxilongwa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kutheni kubakho i-strabismus kubantwana - izizathu kunye nonyango zihlobene ngokuthe ngqo. Isicwangciso esisisiseko sithatha amanyathelo alandelayo:
- Pleoptic. Eli nqanaba liyimfuneko ukuba "ukulingana" okubonakalayo ngokubonakalayo kwimiba emibini. Ulwaphulo lubandakanya ukugxilwa kwamaconsi akhethekileyo anqunywe yi-ophthalmologist, egqoke ii-lens zonyango okanye iiglasi .
- Ezizimeleyo. Injongo yale nqanaba kukudlulisa umthwalo obonakalayo ukusuka kwiso eliphilileyo kwisigulane ukuze "uvule" kwaye usebenze kakuhle. Ukusebenzisa ukugqoka okuqhelekileyo, okufuneka umntwana agqoke rhoqo okanye ixesha elithile. Ivala iso eliphilileyo kuphela.
- IOthoptic. Emva kokuqhelaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kubalulekile ukuba "ufundise" amehlo ukuba atshintshe ngokuchanekileyo ulwazi kwingqondo, ukudibanisa imifanekiso efunyenwe kwi-2 retinas ibe mfanekiso ochanekileyo. Iimpawu zobuchwephesha kunye nobuchwepheshe beekhompyutheni eziqhubela phambili ziyasetyenziswa.
- IDiplomatic. Isigaba sokugqibela sonyango, ukucacisa nokukhawuleza kokugxilwa, ukuqiniswa kokugqibela kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuzilolonga kunye ne-strabismus kubantwana
I-Gymnastics ikhethwe kuphela yi-ophthalmologist emva kokuxilongwa kunye nokuhlolwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuzithobela i-strabismus kwabantwana ekhaya ngokuzibonela ngamehlo kunokuphelisa kakubi, kubangela ukungonakaliswa nokungahambi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokugula. Ezinye iintlobo ze-gymnastics ziyingozi ukwenza ngeendlela ezithile ze-strabismus, ngoko le ndlela yokwelapha inokukhuthazwa kuphela ngugqirha.
Ukunyangwa kwe-Hardware ye-strabismus kubantwana
Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obuphambili kubandakanywa phantse zonke iirimim ziyeza. Le ngenye yeendlela eziphambili zokuphatha unyango kubantwana ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Izifundo zisebenzisa amacebo ekhompyutheni ngokufanelekileyo zithatha indawo yokusebenza engapheliyo ekhaya. Iziphumo ezintle ziphunyezwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ezi ndlela zonyango zibhekwa njengeyona ndlela ekhuselekileyo, indlela yokuphelisa intsholongwane kubantwana - izizathu kunye neyeza zonyango zichongiwe ngugqirha, ngoko ingozi yokuzenza iimpazamo ayifaki. Iiklasi kunye nezixhobo zenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo iintsana, ziphunyezwe kwifom edlalwayo. Kwiiiklinikhi ze-ophthalmology zanamhlanje izixhobo ezilandelayo zisetyenziswa:
- Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona;
- Synoptophore;
- Ambliocor;
- Forbis;
- Musculotrener nezinye iifutha.
Ukusebenza nge-strabismus kubantwana
Ukuba akukho zonyango ezilondolozayo ziye zancedisa, kungenelela ngoncedo olusetyenziswayo. Ngokwezibalo, le ndlela yodwa indlela yokulungisa umxube kumntwana, i-85% eyimfuneko yabantwana abajongene ne-strabismus. Utyando olusisoloko luqhubekile luqhubeka luqhubeka, ngoko-ke imisebenzi yamanje ayizintlungu, ingaphantsi yendalo kwaye iphakamisa ixesha elifutshane lokuvuselela. Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe ukhetho lwenkqubo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kutheni inzululwazi eyenzekayo kubantwana - izizathu kunye nonyango zihambelana kakhulu.
Zonke iintlobo zokungenelela okubandakanyekayo ziquka ukutshintsha umsebenzi weempawu ezibonakalayo. Ukunyanzelisa kunokujoliswa ekuqiniseni okanye ekunciphiseni ukulandelelana kwabo, ukulungiswa kwindlela yokuhamba. Emva kokucwangciswa kweenkqubo, isikhundla sejoni sisisigxina, kwaye unyango olulondolozayo olujolise ekuphuculeni ubunono obubonakalayo luyenziwa.