Ukuxilongwa kwe-PCR yezifo

I-PCR, okanye ngenye indlela i-polymerase chain reaction reaction, yindlela yokwahlula i-laboratory yezifo ezahlukileyo.

Le ndlela yasungulwa nguCary Muillis ngo-1983. Ekuqaleni, i-PCR yayisetyenziselwa iinjongo zenzululwazi kuphela, kodwa emva kwexesha yafakwa kwiinkqubo zonyango.

Ingundoqo yendlela ichonga i-agent engabangela ukusuleleka kwi-DNA kunye ne-RNA fragments. Kwi-pathogen nganye, kukho isahluko seDNA esichaza ukudala inani elikhulu leekopi zalo. Uthelekiswa nolwazi olukhoyo oluqulethe ulwazi malunga nesakhiwo se-DNA yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-microorganisms.

Ngoncedo lwe-polymerase chain reactor, akunakwenzeka kuphela ukufumanisa intsholongwane, kodwa nokunika ukuvavanya okuninzi.

Xa i-PCR isetyenziswa nini?

Uhlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo, olwenziwe ngoncedo lwe-PCR, lunceda ekufumaneni izifo ezahlukeneyo ze-urogenital, kubandakanywa ezifihliweyo, ezingabonakali njengempawu ezikhethekileyo.

Le ndlela yophando ivumela ukuba sikwazi ukubona izifo ezilandelayo kubantu:

• Intsholongwane ye-herpes simplex zombini iindidi;
• Usulelo lweHIV;
• gardnerellez ;
• chlamydia;
• ureaplasmosis;
• Candidiasis;
• i-mycoplasmosis;
• trichomoniasis;
• unyango lwepillomavirus ;
• kunye ne-hepatitis B ne-C, isifo sofuba, i-Helicobacteriosis, i-mononucleosis echaphazelayo.

Xa ulungiselela kwaye ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umfazi kufuneka abelwe i-PCR ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezahlukeneyo zesondo.

Izinto eziphilayo ze-PCR zophando

Ukufumana izifo nge-PCR, oku kulandelayo kunokusetyenziswa:

• umchamo, i-swab esuka kwingcingo yomlomo wesibeleko (kwabasetyhini), i-swab esuka kwi-urethra, imfihlo evela kwizitho zangasese - ukuvavanya izifo zesondo;
• igazi - uphando malunga nokusuleleka kwe-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis C;
• I-smear evela emqaleni - ukuphanda nge-mononucleosis.

Iingenelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwe-PCR ukuxilongwa kwezifo

Imilinganiselo yokuhlalutya kwintsholongwane, eyenziwa yindlela ye-PCR ibandakanya:

1. I-universality - xa ezinye iindlela zokuxilonga zingenamandla, i-PCR ifumanisa nayiphi na i-RNA kunye ne-DNA.
2. Ecacileyo. Kwizinto ezifundwayo, le ndlela ibonisa ukulandelelana kweenucleotides eziqhelekileyo kwi-pathogen ethile yesifo. I-Polymerase chain reaction reaction yenza ukuba ukwazi ukubona iintlobo eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwizinto ezifanayo.
3. Ukuqonda. Usulelo xa kusetshenziswa le ndlela, nangona umxholo wayo uphantsi kakhulu.
4. Ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuchonga i-arhente ye-causative yentsholongwane ithatha ixesha elide - kuphela iiyure ezimbalwa.
5. Ukongeza, i-polymerase chain reactor iyanceda ukufumanisa ukungaphenduli komzimba womuntu ekungeneni kuyo kwi-microorganisms, kodwa i-pathogen ethile. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukufumana isifo sesigulane ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukubonakalisa iimpawu ezithile.

Iindlela "zokunciphisa" kule ndlela yokuxilonga zibandakanya imfuno yokumelana ngokuthe ngqo kwimimiselo yokuxhobisa amagumbi okubhubhisa anezihlunu eziphezulu, ukwenzela ukuba ukungcola kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezithathwe ukuhlalutya kwezinto eziphilayo azikho.

Ngamanye amaxesha uhlalutyo olwenziwa yi-PCR lunokuthi lube nesiphumo esibi kwiimeko ezibonakalayo zesifo esithile. Oku kungabonisa ukungathobeli imithetho yokuqokelela izinto eziphilayo.

Ngelo xesha, umphumo omuhle wohlalutyo akusoloko kubonisa ukuba isiguli sinesifo esithile. Ngoko, umzekelo, emva kokunyanga, i-arhente efikile ngexesha elithile linika umphumo omuhle wokuhlalutya kwe-PCR.