Usuleleko lwe-HIV - yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga negciwane kunye nokukhusela kwayo

Ukusuleleka ngoGawulayo yintsholongwane ye-virus eyenza ukuba buthathaka amajoni omzimba, okukhokelela ekuphuhliseni izidumbu kunye nokusuleleka. Ukuba le sifo ayiphathwa, ngoko-ke kwiminyaka engama-9 ukuya kwe-11 emva kokuba inqindi ingena emzimbeni, ukufa kwenzeka. Ulwaphulo lwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ubomi bomntu one-HIV ukuya kwiminyaka engama-70 ukuya kuma-80.

HIV - yintoni na?

Intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus ichaphazela isistim somzimba. Isifo siyaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza. Ubuthakathaka umkhuseli wokuzivikela omzimba uba, ngokuqhelekileyo isiguli sigula. Abaninzi abasulelekileyo bahlakulela izicubu ezintle kunye nezibi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukukhusela kubuthathaka kangangokuthi nokuba kubanda kakhulu kubangelwa ukufa. Intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus ichaphazela abantu kuphela. Amalinge okuthethelela izilwanyana awaphumelelanga - izilwanyana ziphulukiswe ngokukhawuleza.

Ukusasazeka kwe-HIV

Namhlanje, intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus ithathwa njengenye yezifo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo. Kakade ngasekupheleni kwee-1980, iifombolo zenza uluntu luvuthiwe: kumazwe ayingxenye ye-World Health Organisation, abantu ababalelwa ku-120,000 abanesifo sengculazi (uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-HIV) kunye ne-100,000 abanesifo se-HIV bafunyenwe. Into eyona nto yinkathazo kukuba ngokwenene izikhombisi ziphezulu kakhulu, kuba izigulane ezininzi azicingeli malunga nokuxilongwa kwazo kwaye azibhaliswanga.

Indlela iHIV ifunyaniswa ngayo kwimizimba nganye kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zayo ze-geno ne-phenotypic. Ngenxa yoko, kuvela ukuba ezinye izigulane "zitshisa" kwesi sifo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngelixa abanye behlala ne-virus yokugonywa ngamagciwane ngenxa yeminyaka, bazive baninzi kwaye abazi ngeengxaki zabo. Ngokwezibalo, abameli beNorroid ukuqhubela phambili kwi-HIV banokungabikho. Abantu baseYurophu abanandaba ne-virus, kwaye ininzi "eqhubekayo" yiMongoloids.

Amazwe apho usulelo lwe-HIV lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, jonga ngathi:

• EBrazil;
• Haiti;
• EUnited States;
• ETurkey;
• EIndonesia;
• Bangladesh;
• Pakistan;
• EMexico;
• EBrithani.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo?

Ukuze ukwazi ukuzikhusela kwisifo sengculaza, kufuneka ukwazi iindlela eziphambili zokusuleleka ngu-HIV. Umthombo walo ngumntu osulelekileyo. Ingozi ikwabonelelwa ngabo ba gulane, kwiindawo eziphila ngayo intsholongwane ngexesha lokunyusa. Ubungakanani obuphezulu bokudluliselwa kwe-HIV ekupheleni kwexesha lokuxubusha. Kulo mzuzwana, ukugxininiswa kwegciwane kuyagqitha.

Usuleleko lwe-HIV lunokungenelela kuzo zonke izifo zamanzi eziphilayo - igazi, isela, umlenze, izifihlakazi zesisu, iinyembezi, i-sweat, ubisi lwebele, umchamo, utywala-kodwa ukuxinwa kwaso kwahluke, kwaye oku kubonisa ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-epidemiological. Ukutshatyalaliswa kosulelo lwe-HIV kufuneka kwenzeke phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Intsholongwane kufuneka iphume kwimizimba enokusuleleka kwindlela engokwemvelo kwaye ingene kwimimandla engaphakathi kwimpilo.

Izindlela zokudlulisela i-HIV zihlukeneyo:

• zesondo;
• injection;
• ukudluliselwa;
• ukufakelwa;
• ehamba phambili.

Ngokwenene, intsholongwane iyadluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba abantu abanesifo abasemlwaneni kunye nemfihlo yokugcina isisu banokuxilongwa okuphezulu kwe-HIV. Ngokwezibalo, i-86% yezifo ezithintekayo zifumaneka kwizonxibelelwano zesini, apho i-71% ihamba ngesondo, kwaye i-15% ibingqingili. Enye indlela yokudlulisela intsholongwane yintsholongwane yintsholongwane. Emzimbeni womntwana, i-HIV ingena ngaphakathi kwisibeleko okanye emva kokuzalwa - ngobisi lwebele.

Ixesha lokunyuswa kwe-HIV

Kulo nxalenye nganye intsholongwane ikhula ngendlela yayo. Ngoko ke, ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo aluqinisekanga. Iimpawu zesifo zibonakalisa nje ngeeveki ezimbalwa, kwaye emva kweminyaka emva kokusuleleka. Kwimigangatho yokuqala yexesha lokutshatyalaliswa, ama-antibodies akhethekileyo akhiwa egazini. Ukufunyanwa ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwebhubhoratri, ubuncinane iiveki ezintathu kufuneka zidlule kwixesha lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane.

Usulelo lwe-HIV - iimpawu

Kwiimeko ezininzi, lesi sifo siphula ngokwezicwangciso eziqhelekileyo. Kukho izigaba ezimbini eziphambili zentsholongwane kaGawulayo: ziphikelela kwaye ziphelile. Kungekudala emva kokusuleleka, iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo zibonakala, ezinokudibaniswa lula kunye nemiqondiso yentsholongwane okanye ibanda eliqhelekileyo: ukuhamba kweqondo lokushisa, umqala uqala ukulimaza, i-lymph nodes zanda . Izigulane ezininzi ezinegciwane lesigciwane-immunodeficiency do not associate all this, kuba emva kweveki ezingama-2-3 ukubonakaliswa kosulelo lwe-HIV kuyeka, kwaye isifo sidlulela kwisigaba sesibini.

"Fihla" intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency emzimbeni unako ukususela kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi. Emva kokuba isigaba sokugqibela siphele, izigulane zihlakulela izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nezifo ze-ecological. Iimpawu ze-HIV nazo ziyacaca. Phakathi kwezi zilandelayo:

• ukulahleka kwesisindo;
• ekhanda rhoqo;
• kubanda;
• ukuhlaselwa rhoqo kwesirhudo;
• intlungu esifuba;
• izifo zomphunga;
• ukuwa kombono;
• izifo zamazinyo;
• ukuxinezeleka nokunganakwa.

Usulelo lwe-HIV - iimpawu kubasetyhini

Kwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo, abafazi babonakaliswe ngempawu zentsholongwane kaGawulayo eziqhubekayo ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini:

• umkhuhlane;
• utywala emzimbeni;
• ukukhathazeka emqaleni;
• iintloko zasoloko zinzima;
• isicefe
• ukukhathala rhoqo;
• kwandisa i-lymph nodes;
• ukubonakala kwezilonda emlonyeni womlomo;
• intlungu kwiimisipha kunye namalungu;
• ezahlukeneyo zesonka.

Xa isifo sengculaza sidlula kwisigaba esibi kakhulu- AIDS , ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliswa:

• ukudinwa;
• ukunyanzeliswa rhoqo kunye nehudo;
• ukukhukhula;
• ukushisa kwexesha elizayo;
• ukukhwehlela;
• ukuphazamiseka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukulahlekelwa kwememori epheleleyo;
• ukudideka kwengqondo;
• ukuvuvukala kwamalungu epilvic.

Usulelo lwe-HIV - iimpawu kumadoda

Izibonakaliso zesifo kwizinto eziphathekayo zesondo eziqinileyo ezisuka kwimimandla yabesifazane ziyahlukahlukana. Ukubonakaliswa kosuleleko lwe-HIV kumadoda ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kakade ngomhla we-5 ukuya kwe-10 emva kokusuleleka sulela, ukugqithisa kwenzeka kumzimba wesigulane. Emva kwexesha elithile, i-lymph nodes kwi-groin, i-armpits kunye nentamo ikhulisiwe. Iingqungquthela ziba nzima, kodwa azizivelisi iintlungu. Uninzi lwezigulane ezine-HIV zikhalaza ngokukhathala okukhulu, ukulahleka kokutya, ukunganakwa emsebenzini kunye nesifiso sokulala.

Izigaba zeAIDS zibonakaliswe ziimpawu ezilandelayo:

• umkhuhlane;
• ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo;
• isifo sohudo;
• ukuhlanza;
• spasms;
• ukufudumala okungeke kubekwe phantsi;
• ukuhla okubukhali ekuziphatheni komzimba;
• uxhalaba;
• ukukhumbula inxalenye.

Ukuchongwa kwe-HIV

Indlela eqhelekileyo yokumisela i-HIV ngu-ELISA, i- enzyme immunoassay . Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezizodwa zokuvavanya, ezisetyenziselwa iiprotheyini ezifumaneka kwi-virus ye-immunodeficiency virus, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane amanqwelombatho kwii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic egazini. Ukuxilongwa kwangoku kwe-HIV kunokufumana ukusuleleka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokusuleleka.

Unyango lwe-HIV

Ulwaphulo lwegciwane lesigciwane-mzimba luyinkqubo enzima kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuyifumana ngokufanelekileyo. Usulelo lweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​alusayi kuthathwa isigwebo Amachiza ayazi amatyala amaninzi okwelashwa ngempumelelo. Eyona ndlela iphumelela kakhulu yonyango le-antiretroviral, eneenjongo ezilandelayo:

1. Yeka ukuphindaphinda kwintsholongwane kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wentsholongwane. Oko kukuthi, yenza njalo ukuba i-HIV emzimbeni ayinqunywanga.
2. Buyisela ukukhusela. Emva kokunciphisa umthamo wentsholongwane, umzimba unokunyusa ngokunyuka inani le-CD4 lymphocytes enika iimpendulo ezaneleyo zesistim somzimba.
3. Ukwandisa ubude kunye nomgangatho wobomi besigulane. Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza, unyango oluchanekileyo lusindisa i-HIV kuzo zonke iimpawu zesifo.

Unyango losulelo lwe-HIV - iziyobisi

Ukulawulwa kwezidakamizwa ze-antiretroal ukuphindaphinda nokunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezinxulumene neentsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo bathola iingcomo zokuthatha loo mayeza:

• Nevirapine;
• Ritonavir;
• Cytovudin;
• Tenofovir;
• Etravirine;
• Delavirdine;
• IMaraviroc;
• Tipranavir;
• Abacavir;
• Lamivudine;
• Nelfinavir;
• Fozamprenavir.

Unyango lwe-HIV kunye nezilwanyana zomntu ekhaya

Intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus ithatha iindlela ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa emva kokubonisana nodokotela. Abagxekisi bancomela i-HIV ukuba batshintshele ekudleni kokutya kwendalo. Ukutya ii-pistachios ezininzi, i-oats, i-pine nut, i-juice, ukunikela ityuwa, iswekile, izitya zenyama. Uncedo kubantu abanentsholongwane. I-Astragalus, iingcambu zentaba yeentaka, i-violet, i-poplar buds, izimpande ze-licorice zixutywe ngobunani obulinganayo, zithanjiswa ngamanzi abilayo kwaye zifakelwe iiyure ezingama-3. Phuza ukumnika kufuneka ube ngaphambi kokutya isigafu indebe.

I-virus immunodeficiency virus - ukuthintela

Ukuthintela usuleleko, ukuba uyayazi kwaye uyayigcina imithetho emibini ebalulekileyo:

1. Ukuthintela ukuthintela ngoGawulayo kubandakanya ukulahlwa ngokwesondo.
2. Ngokusoloko kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlolisise ubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni.
3. Amanyathelo okukhusela intsholongwane kaGawulayo nayo iquka ukulahla kweziyobisi.