Uhlalutyo lwe-immunoenzyme lwegazi - isifundo apho kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukubunjwa kweempawu kunye ne-antibodies. I-ELISA yindlela esetyenziswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezokwelapha, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ixilonga izifo ezithathelwanayo, umzekelo, i- HIV , i-hepatitis, i-herpes nezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo.
Umgaqo wokwenza i-enzyme immunoassay
Uhlalutyo lwe-immunoenzyme lwegazi ngenxa yesifo sofuba, ukungabikho komzimba okanye ubukho bezilwanyana ezinjengegciwane, kubangelwa nguye obeka isigulane esipheleleyo, kunye nesimo se-hormonal yesigulane. Le ndlela inika ukuchaneka kwe-90%.
Indlela yokuzivikela komzimba, xa igxothwa kwi-antigen yangaphandle, ivelisa iiprotheni ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-antibodies ukubulala lesi sifo. Ama-antibodies, njengokuba kunjalo, abophelela kuma-antigen, ngaloo ndlela benza i-antigen / antibody complex complexes. Ukuhlaziywa ngokucacileyo kokuhlalutya kwe-immune-enzyme yegazi kubonisa indlela ezi ngxaki ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa intsholongwane ethile kwigazi (okanye, ukuba lichaneke ngakumbi, i-antigen yayo), umntu ochasene nentsholongwane uyongezwa kuyo.
Inkcazo yeziphumo zohlalutyo
Iziphumo ze-enzyme immunoassay zibonise ukuba khona kwe-immunoglobulin G? Oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ekubeni isalathisi sithetha ukuba i-agent e causative yesi sifo ngokwenene yayisemzimbeni, kodwa ngelo xesha i-antibodies yona isele yaphuhliswa kwaye isigulane ayifuni nayiphi na unyango.
Kwimeko xa usulelo luyintloko, kwaye kwigazi legazi emva kwe-enzyme immunoassay ye-allergies okanye nezinye izifo, i-immunoglobulins yeklasi M iyabonwa, amanyathelo okwelapha kufuneka ayenze ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa ukuba iziphumo zolu xilongo ziqinisekisile ukuba khona kwamagciwane okufundela iikholeji ze-M kunye no-G, oku kubonisa ukuba isifo sele sisezigaba ezinzima kwaye isigulane sidinga unyango olukhawuleza.
Izinzuzo ze-enzyme immunoassay
Iintlobo ze-enzyme immunoassay yezilwanyana, i-HIV, izityalo ze-venereal kunye nezifo ze-oncological nezinye izifo kukuba le ndlela yokuxilonga:
- iya kubonisa umphumo ngqo kwiinqanaba zokuqala zesifo;
- uya kuba nokuchonga iiklasi ze-immunoglobulins;
- iya kubonisa i-dynamics yenkqubo yokusuleleka;
- unikela impendulo ngokukhawuleza;
- kulungele ukudlula;
- xabisa kakhulu.
Ingcipheko yolu hlalutyo kukuba kwezinye iimeko i-ELISA ivelisa iziphumo ezingamanga okanye ezimbi. Yingakho ukulungiswa kwemiphumo kufuneka kuthathwe kuphela ngumphathi oqeqeshiwe.