Ubuthi obuyingozi kakhulu, ngoko ke xa izibonakaliso zokuqala zokuxhatshazwa (isicupunu, ukuhlanza, intloko, ubuthathaka, uhudo, ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo), kuyimfuneko ukubiza udokotela. Ngaphandle kwimeko enobuthi, ixhoba kufuneka libe phantsi kweliso lugqirha ubuncinane kwiiyure ezingama-4.
Imigaqo-jikelele yokuphathwa ngetyhefu
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luphi uhlobo lwe-agesi e-toxic eyabangela ubuthi, uncedo lunikwa ngokulandelelana okulandelayo.
- Buyisela ubuchule be-airways, ulungelelanise intlawulo yenhliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ukukhupha i-detoxification (ukususwa kwe-toxin).
- Ukungasebenzi kweentyhefu kuqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwezinto zokulahla i-antidote, ezonakalisa isenzo se-toxin.
- Benza unyango lokunyusa kunye nokuphelisa iimpawu zetyhefu.
- Hlola isidingo sokubhedlelelwa ngetyhefu esibhedlele.
Unyango lwe-carbon monoxide yetyhefu
Uncedo lokuqala kumntu onetyhefu kukubonelela ngomoya ophelileyo. Ixhoba kufuneka lithathwe esitrato, lihlambulule umlomo wemhlanzi, isebenzisa i-spoon okanye iminwe ehlanganiswe kwi-gauze. Xa i-comatose, i-air traction ifakiwe. Ukuze ugweme ukuhlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokuhlanza, i-10 mg ye-metoclopramide ifakwe kwi-intravenously (analogues - cerucal, raglan).
Emva koko unyango lwe-oksijeni lwenziwe - i-carbon monoxide yetyhefu yodwa uhlobo loxakeko xa i-oksijeni isetyenzisiweyo kwifomu ecocekileyo. Ukuba ixhoba liyazi, sebenzisa imaski ye-oxygen (10-15 l / min). Kwimeko ye-coma, i-intubation yenziwa ngentshukumo yokuphucula imiphunga e-100% ye-oxygen.
Isigulane sijojowe nge-intravenously nge-droplets yezixazululo ze-polyionic (i-cholol, i-quartosol, i-acesol, i-500 ml) okanye i-sodium hydrogencarbonate (i-4%, i-400 ml) kunye ne-hemodez (400 ml). Unyango luyongezwa ngokuthatha i-ascorbic acid kunye ne-glucose.
Unyango lotywala obunxilisayo
Xa kunesifo esinetyhefu kunye ne-ethanol, ubunzima bezenzo ezikhawulezayo zenziwa:
- ukuhlambuluka komlomo;
- ukufakwa kwe-duct kwimeko ye-coma;
- i-oxygen inhalation;
- Ukulawulwa kwe-atropine engaphantsi (0.1%, 1 ml):
- Ukulawulwa kwe-metoclopramide (10 mg).
Ukuchithwa ngokutsha kunye ne-activated charcoal okanye ngokuhlamba isisu akusebenzi, kuba i-ethanol ixakeke ngokukhawuleza.
Utywala obunetyhefu lunceda ekupheliseni unyango ngeziyobisi ezikhethekileyo-methadoxil. Ikhawuleza ukuphuma kwe-ethanol kunye ne-acetaldehyde emzimbeni, ukunciphisa iziphumo zabo ezinobuthi. Faka i-5-10 ml ye-intramuscularly okanye i-intravenously drip for 1.5 hours (300-900 mg ehlanjululwe nge-500 ml ye-5% ye-glucose okanye isisombululo se-saline). Ixhoba linikwa iivithamini, zilandela i-hemodynamics.
Unyango lwe-mercury poisoning
I-Mercury yenye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo kwaye ziyingozi kakhulu. Kwimeko yokutyhefuza nge-mercury vapor okanye xa isalathisi ishayisa esiswini, kufuneka kubhedlele izibhedlele. Ngaphambi kokufika kogqirha, ixhoba kufuneka lisele iziglasi zamanzi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3, zihlambulule isisu, zenze ilahleko zisebenze. Umlomo kufuneka uhlanjululwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
I-acute mercury poisoning iquka unyango kunye ne-antidote unitiol, elawulwa nge-intramuscularly (5 ml, 5%) kwiintsuku ezingama-20. Olunye uhlobo lwangoku lokunxibelelana kwe-unithiol lugxininiso lwe-mesodimercapto succinic acid - eli lidaka lokungcola lincinci kwaye linomphumo ongaphantsi.
Ukunyangwa kobutyhefu nge-acetic acid
I-esstic essence ibangela ukutshisa okuqinileyo kweembrane, i-edema yesigxina, ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi ye-hematopoietic kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-renal. Ngenxa ye-edema, ukuhlamba isisu kungenziwa ngaphandle kwe-1 ukuya kwi-2 iiyure emva kokuba i-acetic acid ingena emzimbeni. I-morphine engaphantsi komzimba ifakwe ngaphambi kokuhlamba (1 ml yesisombululo se-1%).
Ukutyhefuza nge-acetic acid kuthetha unyango nge-sodium hydrocarbonate (ukubola okanye ukuphalaza i-600-1000 ml, i-4%) ukugcina umchamo we-alkaline kwaye ukhusele ukungaphumeleli kwezintso. Ngenxa yokwanda kwegazi, ixhoba kufuneka lijobe i-plasma okanye i-plasma-substituting solutions.