Kwiingcaciso ezikhoyo zanamhlanje, u-autarky yi-system evelelwe ngaphakathi, ngokuxhomekeka okuphantsi kwimeko yangaphandle-ke. ulawulo olupheleleyo. Ingqiqo eyahlukileyo yinkqubo evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko.
Yintoni ephazamisayo?
I-Autarky - le ngcamango, njengabanye abaninzi, ivela kwiGrisi yamandulo. Ekuqaleni, kusetyenziswa eli gama, libhekiselele kumntu ongafuni uncedo kwaye unika nayiphi na imithombo. U-Autarky ngamanye amaxesha udidekile kunye ne-autocracy, kodwa ezi ngcamango ezahlukeneyo kwaye okwesibini kuthetha amandla angenamkhawulo womntu omnye. Esi sigama soshishino, ukuzenzekela ngokwasemthethweni kukudalwa kweebhloko ezivaliweyo kwezoqoqosho, umzekelo, njengoluhlobo lomzabalazo wolwabiwo lwezoqoqosho.
Yintoni eyaziwayo kwifilosofi?
I-Autarchy kwifilosofi ibhekisela kwendalo, ukuzingca, ukunyamezela - zonke ezi mpawu zingabonwa yi-Homeric Greece. Igama elithi autarchy lisetyenziswe nguAristotle kunye neNeoplatonists ukubhekisela kwiqela leengcinga zefilosofi, njenge:
- "Indoda yedwa";
- umntu okanye into, ekwazi ukugcina ubomi, ukubonelela ngokuzimela kunye nokukhusela ekubhujisweni.
Ngaphezu koko, eli thuba liye litshintsha kwaye lidibana neengcali zefilosofi ekutyunjweni kobuntu uPlotinus, Proclus kunye nabanye abhekisele kuzo:
- "Umzimba we-Autarchic";
- "Umbutho wendalo yonke";
- "Umzimba ozenzekelayo wezendalo".
UDemocritus udibana ne-autarky kumxholo wendalo, ukuthozama, uhlobo. Ngokomzekelo, "isidlo sangaphakathi" sichasene nomthendeleko onokuzondla, ongenamkhawulo. Ukuzimela kwindlela yokuphila kwinqanaba lomntu ongekho lohlanga luyi-straw yeritter kunye nekhekhe ephahleni yebhali, okwaneleyo ukwanelisa indlala nokukhathala. I-Autocracy in Democritus yinto eqinisekisa izidingo ezincinci zomzimba, kodwa igalelo ekukhuleni "kokukhathazeka", "ukuphila kakuhle komphefumlo."
E-Plato, ukuzenzekelayo kuqale ukuqala-oku akuncinci, kodwa ubuninzi. Ngokutsho kwesi sifilosofi, i-autarkic cosmos "unkulunkulu ophilayo", akapheli kwaye akadingi nantoni na, umphefumlo wakhe uhamba yonke indawo, uvuma yonke into kwaye uyazi. Kamva, le ntsi ngiselo ye-autarky iyaqhubeka kwimibhalo yeengcali zefilosofi kunye nabafundisi bezekolo zobuKristu. U-Autarky uyisabelo sikaThixo, ngokomoya, ubulumko.
Ukuzimelela koqoqosho
I-Autarky kwezoqoqosho yimbono ebonisa ukuba uqoqosho oluvaliweyo lujoliswe ngaphakathi. Ukuzinelisekanga kunye nolawulo lwangqongqo yimiqondiso ephambili yelizwe elizimeleyo, apho iindawo ezininzi ezikudala zihlaba. Ngeli nqanaba lama-21 loo miqathango yombuso ayinakwenzeka, nangona ininzi iindawo ezivaliweyo kunye namazwe anxulumene namanye amazwe.
Autarky kunye noqoqosho oluvulekileyo
Uqoqosho oluvulekileyo okanye u-autarky - oorhulumente banamhlanje sele bengenakukhetha oko. I-Avtarkizm inokwenzeka kuphela kwezinye iindawo. Ngokomzekelo, amanye amazwe akangenisi iimveliso zokutya ezingaphandle, ukudala ibhloko evaliweyo kulo mkhakha wokuvelisa, onomphumo onenzuzo ekuphuhlisweni kweefama zeli lizwe. Amazwe amancinci ngokubanzi akakwazi ukuxhasa ukugunyazwa, abanako ukubonelela ngokubaluleka kwabantu bonke.
I-Avtarkia - i-pros and cons
Umgaqo we-autarky okwangoku ungowaseMntla weKorea, kodwa neli lizwe liqhubeka libandakanyeka kwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ukuxhamla okunjalo (okwethutyana ixesha) kunomphumo onenzuzo kwimveliso yasekhaya, ngenxa yokuba uluntu luyanyanzelekile ukuba lufumane kuphela oko kuveliswa ekhaya, ngoko imfuno yempahla ihlala iphakamileyo. Ukunciphisa inkqubo enjalo kuhambelana ngqo ne-plus, kuba akukho nto ingathengwa ngaphandle kwempahla eyenziwe ngokwabo.
I-Autarky kuqoqosho lwehlabathi
Iingcali zezoqoqosho zehlabathi ziye zafakazela ukuba ukuphazamiseka kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kumnotho welizwe kunye nabemi bawo. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuzenzekelayo njengongqongqo kwezoqoqosho lwelizwe uqwalaselwa kwimimiselo emininzi eqinisekisa le ngcamango.
- I-USSR - ubukhosi bexesha elide lelizwe likhokelela ekubuyiseleni ubuchwepheshe belizwe, ngoko amandla amakhulu namhlanje kunomlinganiselo omkhulu kuphela ngumthengisi wezixhobo zamandla. I-Autarky isetyenziswe nguRhulumente njengokhuseleko lokuxinzelelo lwangaphandle.
- Jamani, eJapan, eItali - la mazwe ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBili yasebenzisa ukuzithengisa njengendlela yokuqhubela phambili ukwabiwa kwakhona kwehlabathi, kunye nokuqinisa amandla phezu kwabantu. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuzimela ubonakaliswe kukulwa koqoqosho.
- E-Afghanistan, i- autarchy yawulawula ukususela ngo-1996 ukuya ku-2001 ngexesha lolawulo lweTaliban.
- EU.SA - eli lizwe lisondele kwimimiselo yokuzimela kwi-1807 ukuya ku-1809 ngexesha lokuvalwa, xa uMongameli uJefferson wayevakaliswa ngokuzithandela.
- U-Ostrriya-Hungary uhambelane ne-autarky ukususela ngo-1867 ukuya ku-1918. Lo mzekelo nje kuphela umzekelo, kuba ulawulo lwendalo lwalo, kwaye ilizwe alixhomekeke kwimarike yehlabathi.