Ehlabathini lethu namhlanje, zininzi izingozi zempilo - umoya ongcolileyo, imisebe, amanzi angcolileyo, ukutya okungaqondakaliyo kwiivenkile ezinkulu kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuzalwa. Zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela kakubi impilo yethu kuphela, kodwa nabantwana bethu. Ukumisela emzimbeni wesibhakabhaka, zonke izinto eziyingozi zichaphazela ukukhulelwa, kunye nomntwana okhulelwe. Ungazikhusela njani kunye nomntwana ozayo kwi-pathologies? Iyeza zanamhlanje zinika ithuba lokufumanisa ukuphambuka kwintsebenziswano eqhelekileyo sele sele iqala ukukhulelwa, ngokwenza uhlalutyo lwe-pathology of the fetus.
I-Pathology ingaba yindlalifa kunye ne-congenital. Ngethuba lethu, malunga ne-5% yabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa, inani labantu abazalwayo, abanesifo sokubeleka okanye i-pathologies yefa, ubunobangela bokuthi i-genetic, chromosomal, multitifactorial. Siza kufumana iindlela zokuxilonga ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela izifo eziza kubangela ukukhusela ukuzalwa kwabantwana abagulayo.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Genetic lomntwana
Uhlalutyo lwemfuza ye-fetus kufuneka lwenziwe kwinqanaba lokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa, kodwa kaninzi luyenziwa kakade ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Injongo yalo: ukugqiba umngcipheko wezilwanyana zokuzala, ukuchonga izizathu zokukhulelwa kwesisu, ukucacisa ukuba kunokwenzeka njani ukubonakala kwezifo ezifa. Izibonakaliso, njengombandela, zilandelayo: iminyaka yobudala besetyhini engaphezu kwe-35, imitshato ehlobene ngokusondeleyo, intsholongwane ephezulu yentsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka, ukulahleka kwamathambo kwi-anamnesis, ubukho bezifo ezifa. Uhlalutyo lwe-Genetic lwe-fetus lwenzeka kwiinqanaba eziliqela. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, uphando lwenziwa, olubandakanya i-ultrasound for fetal pathology kwiiveki ezi-10-14. Kwinqanaba lesibili, iimvavanyo zenziwa ukufumana amahomoni emibryonic (AFP kunye neHCG).
Uhlalutyo lweengxaki ezingabantwana (AFP kunye neHCG)
Ngenjongo yokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kweentsholongwane, sele sele sele i-trimester yokuqala, kwiiveki ezi-10 ukuya kwe-14, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwesisu ngaphambi kokubeleka - ukuhlolwa kwegazi malunga ne-pathology fetalism, ethathwa kwi-laboratory ye-diagnostic. Ukuvavanywa kwegazi ngenxa ye-fetal malformation yindlela ephela yithembekileyo yokufumanisa ukungaphumeleli ngokuthatha ezinye iiprotheni ezifihlayo. I-AFT (i-alpha-fetoprotein) iyona nxalenye ephambili ye-serum yomntwana. Ukuphuhlisa i-yolk sac kunye nesibindi, uyahamba nomchamo kwi-amniotic fluid aze angene egazini likaMama nge-chorion.
Xa ufumanisa amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-AFP kwigazi lomama, kucetyiswa ukuthi:
- intambo yomthambo womlenze okanye ingqondo;
- ukukhubazeka kweentso;
- ukuhlasela kwe duodenum;
- iziphene kwintsholongwane yomzimba wesisu (nangona izitho zangaphakathi zihlala zihlala zikhuni kunye nezihlunu, kwaye zivaliwe ngefilimu encinci yentambo).
Uhlalutyo lomntwana ophuhlisayo ekufumaneni amanqanaba e-hCG, ekuqaleni kwekota yesibini, ubonisa i-pathologies yophuhliso kunye ne-chromosomal ye-fetus. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhlaziywa kwe-fetus kwi-Down's syndrome kuya kuba nenqanaba eliphakamileyo le-hCG kumfazi wesetyhini okhulelweyo, kunye ne-Edwards syndrome - ngezinga elincinci.
Kwisigaba sesithathu sophando, okwesibini i-ultrasound yenziwa ngeveki 20-24, evumela ukuba ufumane ubunzima be-fetal malformations, inani le-amniotic fluid kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwe-placenta. Ukuba, emva kokuphumeza zonke izigaba zoviwo lwezofuzo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-fetal kugxininiswa, iingcali zinika iindlela zokungabikho zonyango: ukuhlalutya kwengqondo ye-fetus, uhlalutyo lwe-cytogenetic lwe-fetus, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukusuka kwintambo yomntwana.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Fetal Rh
Uhlalutyo lweR Rh ye-fetus luphawu olubalulekileyo, luvumela ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili ukucacisa ukuhambelana okanye ukungqinelani komntwana kunye nomama nge-Rh factor. Abasetyhini abane-Rh bangahambelani nomntwana
Siyabulela kwiindlela zanamhlanje, kunokwenzeka ukukhusela ukubeletha okanye ukuzalwa komntwana onokugula. Xa kuqinisekiswa ukucinga malunga neentsholongwane ezinokubakho kwixesha elizayo kubazali, kukho ixesha elikhethiweyo lokukhetha ukukhulelwa okanye ukulungiselela kwangaphambili ukuba kungenelele ukungenelela, okuvumela ukulungisa izibi. Kukho nawuphi na, isigqibo sokugqibela senziwa yintsapho.