I-Incubator yamaqanda - onke amaqhinga okusetyenziswa kunye nokukhethwa kwabaqalayo

Ukubandakanya inkukhu yokulima, udinga i-incubator ethembekileyo yeqanda. Kukho imveliso yoshishino kunye neyendlu, ezahlukileyo ngokomthamo, ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezinye iimpawu zokuyila. Ukukhetha imodeli ephumelelayo, kufuneka ufunde umgaqo wokusebenza kwesi sixhobo kwaye ufunde iiparameters eziphambili ezichaphazela inkqubo yokuzalisa.

Iimeko kwi-incubator yamaqanda

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba unayo i-incubator eyenziwe ekhaya eyenzelwe amaqanda okanye ifowuni yefowuni, ngaphandle kokunamathela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-regubation regime, awuyi kukwazi ukufumana i-chick kakuhle. "Amanqatha" athathaka, aphuma kwiqabolongo kamva, ahamba phambili. I-brood "ephazamisekile" ine-fluff sticky, i-yolk idibene kakubi, ipesenti enkulu yama-embrosi. Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokunyusa i-incubation ngokunyusa izinga lokushisa yisigqibo esibi. Ukongezelela, impilo yamapuphu kwi-incubator yamaqanda ithonywe ngumswakama, ukuphuphuma umoya kunye nezinye izinto.

Ukushisa kwe-incubator yamaqanda

Izihlandlo zokufakelwa, ukuguqulwa kwamaxesha kunye neemeko zokushisa kwiintlobo zeentaka nganye ziyahluka. Izinkukhu zitshitshiwe iintsuku ezingama-21, kwaye ukubonakala kwezinkukhu kuyafuneka ukuba ulinde ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-29. Sebenzisa kuphela i-incubator yamaqanda ngexesha elifanayo kwiintaka ze- guinea , iinkuku kunye namadada kuphela umntu onamava. Kwiintsuku ezahlukeneyo, ubushushu kwi-incubator yenkukhu yamaqanda kuyahluka ngokuhambelana namanqanaba okuphuhliswa kwembungu. Ukunciphisa ukushisa kwama-embrosi - ukusuka kwi-27 ° C ukuya kuma-43 ° C, ukushisa okuphezulu kokutshisa okuphezulu kwamaqanda kuvela kwi-37 ° C kuya ku-40 ° C, ukuba ukufudumeza kwenziwe kumacala athile - 38.5 ° C.

Ukuthotywa kwi-incubator yamaqanda

Esinye isizathu sokuba kunzima ukufumana imveliso epheleleyo yezinkukhu kunye neentlanzi zamanzi kwi-hatchery efanayo yeqanda lizinga elincinane lokungcola kwiintlobo zeentaka nganye. Ukomiswa kwegobolondo kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwamanzi eqanda, okuchaphazela imbungu kakubi. Umswakama kwi-incubator yamaqanda enkukhu kugcinwa ngeendlela zokunkcenkceshela kwimigangatho engezantsi ye-hul okanye iibheyi zokubhaka ezifakwe phantsi kwe-grate, usebenzisa i-house okanye i-sprayers.

Ukuba akukho sikhokhelo esikhethekileyo sokutshintsha umswakama (i-hygrometer yezobuchwepheshe), ke i-thermometer yezokwelapha ehlanganiswe ngopuphu olumanzi yeconti okanye idayini lekotoni inokusetyenziswa kule njongo. Sinefowuni eyomileyo nemanzi kwinqanaba elinye, sivula i-incubator. Emva kwemizuzu engama-15, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba i-liquid idibene ngokupheleleyo kwi-wrapper, siqhathanisa ukufunda kwabo kwitafile ekhethekileyo.

Ubuncwane obunxulumene nomoya kuxhomekeke kwizibonakaliso zamatomometers ezomileyo kunye namanzi (ixesha lokukhutshwa komzimba), amaqondo okushisa,%
I-thermometer eyomileyo, ° С	I-thermometer eninzi, ° С
I-thermometer eyomileyo, ° С	24	24.5	25	25.5	26	26.5	27	27.5	28	28.5	29	29.5	30	30.5	31	31.5	32	32.5	33
35	37	39	42	44	47	49	52	54	57	60	62	65	68	71	73	76	79	82	86
35.6	36	38	40	42	45	47	50	53	55	57	60	62	65	68	71	73	76	79	83
36	34	36	38	41	43	45	48	51	53	55	58	60	63	66	68	71	74	76	79
36.5	32	35	37	39	41	43	46	48	51	53	57	58	61	63	66	68	71	74	76
37	31	33	35	37	40	42	44	47	49	51	54	56	58	61	63	66	68	71	74
37.5	30	32	34	36	38	40	42	44	47	49	52	54	56	59	61	64	66	68	71
38	28	30	32	34	36	38	41	43	45	47	50	52	54	57	59	61	64	66	68
38.5	27	29	31	33	35	37	39	41	43	45	48	50	52	55	57	59	61	64	66
39	26	27	29	31	33	35	37	39	41	43	46	48	50	52	55	57	59	61	64
39.5	24	26	28	30	32	34	36	38	40	42	44	46	48	51	53	55	57	59	62
40	23	25	27	29	30	32	34	36	38	40	42	44	46	49	51	53	55	57	60

Indlela yokukhetha i-incubator yamaqanda?

Ngaphambili, kwakungekho lula ukufumana i-incubator enhle kumaqanda kwintanethi yezorhwebo, abantu babefanele benze izixhobo ezenziwe ngokwenziwa kwiplastiki ye-foam, i-plywood, iifriji ezidala kunye nezinye izinto. Ngoku iivenkile zizele izixhobo zolu hlobo, zombini ukuveliswa kwemveliso yangaphandle nakwamanye amazwe, kodwa umbuzo uvela ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kwisicatshulwa kunye nomgangatho othembekileyo. Kumele imelane nomoya ofunwayo wokutshatyalaliswa kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba ungayiphuli phakathi kwenkqubo ebalulekileyo.

Iimpawu zokukhetha i-incubator enhle:

I-Regrator. Kukho oomatshini (umgaqo-nkqubo) kunye nolawulo lwe-elektroniki, kodwa nakunoma kunjalo, iklasi yokuchaneka ibalulekile. Izixhobo zendlu, kukho iiklasi eziyi-6 zokuchaneka. Abalawuli be-triac abayikutshisa abafowunelwa, kodwa bayesaba ukuhla kwamandla emnatha. Isinyathelo esiphezulu sokumisa ubushushu ngu-0.1 ° C.
Ukutshintsha kwamaqanda. I-incubator yamaqanda ngeendlela zokujikeleza ngokuzenzekelayo ikulungele ukugcina, kodwa ibiza kakhulu. Ixabiso elincinci - ifowuni eyenziwe ngeplastiki ye-foam nge-plastic grille elula.
Ukulawulwa kwamanzi. Kwizixhobo ezincinci akukho zixhobo ze-hygrometers kuzo zonke, ngoko kufuneka uzenzele lo mqondiso. Izixhobo ezikhoyo zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe nge-electronic sensor sensors ezineklasi elichanekileyo lokuchaneka.
Isixhobo sokutshisa. Ii-bulb ze-Incandescent zixabiso elincinci, kodwa lidla ngokutsha, elikhokelela ekuphuleni kombuso. Ngoku abavelisi batshintshela kwizinto ezifudumalayo okanye ifilimu ye-thermo-ephezulu.
Xhuma umthombo wamandla okugcina. Izixhobo ezincinci zingaxhunyezwa kwiibhetri ezi-12V usebenzisa i-converter eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
ZeZindlu. Ukufakela kwigumbi elifudumeleyo, isixhobo salo naluphi na uhlobo olufanelekileyo, kodwa kwindawo egandayo kubhetele ukusebenzisa i-incubator yamaqanda okwenziwa kwintambo. Iplastiki inezinzuzo zayo - inamandla kwaye kulula ukuhlamba.

Ukufakelwa kwamagqabi amaqanda

I-Lattice yenye yezinto eziphambili ze-incubator. Ikuvumela ukuba ulungise amaqanda kwindawo echanekileyo, uwaphendule kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. I-incubator enhle yamaqanda ixhotywe ngama-grids e-universal ngobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, obuthathwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngaphambili, zenziwe ngetsimbi okanye ngetambo, ngoku kusetyenziswa iiplastiki zeplastiki. Ngamhlanje, kulula ukuzimela ngokuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo izinto ezizenzekelayo, usebenzisa iiteyiti zomhlaba jikelele ezilungiselelwe.

Ubukhulu beeseli eziqhelekileyo:

amaqanda enkukhu - 0,67-0,75 mm;
kwiinqanawa - 0,35-0,45 mm;
ukwenzela ukutshatyalaliswa kwamadada namagesi - 0.75-0.86 mm.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-incubator?

Ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezizenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo zifuna ukubeka iliso rhoqo, kwiintetho ezininzi zaseTshayina, ukufundwa kwenzwa kuyona eqinisweni, ukulungiswa kwamashishini okushisa kuyadingeka. Kwishishini, indlela yokusebenzisa i-incubator ekhaya, akukho bunzima. Udinga ukwazi indlela yokubeka amaqanda ngokufanelekileyo xa iphefumlelwe umoya, ichithelwa kwaye iphendulwe. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukukhumbula ukuba liphi izinga lokushisa lokugcina ngexesha lexesha lokuxubusha, ukuphepha ukugqithisa kunye ne-hypothermia yemibusi.

Iiphosiso eziphambili kwinkqubo yokunyusa:

Ukungazi kakuhle idivaysi yeso sixhobo, umntu akakwazi ukusebenzisa abalawuli, akaziqondi isixa sabo, ubeka ubushushu obubi. Kucetyiswa ukuba uzame okokuqala nge-incubator engenanto, ukubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwiisenjini ukufunda indlela yokusebenza ngayo.
Umsebenzisi akagcini itafile yokufakelwa kweqanda, akhalanga ixesha kunye nomhla webhukhimakhi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamaqanda amadala, ixesha elide lokugcina kwabo - ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini.
I-incubator ifakwe izinto ezingcolileyo nezingcolileyo, ezingatshintshiyo ngenxa yeziphene zeqanda.
Ihla kwiqondo lokushisa, ukuphuma kwamandla rhoqo kwinethiwekhi.
I-incubator yamaqanda ifakwe endaweni engafanelekanga, kufuphi neetribhethi zokushisa, elangeni.
Amaqanda akaphenduki ngexesha.

Ukulungiselela i-incubator yebhukhimakhi

Qiniseka ukuba ufunde ipasipoti yefowuni kunye nokuyila kwayo, iimodeli zakudala zihluke kakhulu kwizixhobo zesampuli entsha. Ukulungiswa kwe-incubator yomsebenzi kuqala ngokungakhutshwa kwezinto zangaphakathi kunye ne-ecocide, i-chloramine, i-formaldehyde. Geza isigqubuthelo, umzimba, iitrayi, i-grilles. Sifaka i-incubator endaweni efudumele, kude neyilwayo, ibhetri kunye neefestile ezivulekileyo. Beka kwindawo ephahleni. Sivula i-incubator, ulungelelanise iisenjini kwindawo yokushisa oyifunayo, emva kweeyure ezingama-24, emva kokufudumala nokujonga zonke izibonakaliso, kulungele ukusetshenziswa.

Iimodeli zokuxubusha amaqanda kwi-incubator

Ukuba ufunde indlela yokusebenzisa kakuhle i-incubator, ukugcina imodeli ekhethiweyo iya kuba lula. Musa ukulibala ngokungena kwekhamera, abanikazi bezixhobo ezizenzekelayo abazivami ukuvelisa, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba i-percentage of chickens 'yield. Ngokungatshintshi kwemali ye-gas, bazalwa benokukhubazeka, amaqhinga, ngokuphindaphindiweyo abe naklia kwinqanaba le-shell. Ubumpofu obaneleyo bukhokelela ekuzalweni kwembewu encinci kwaye inobuthathaka, kwaye kumanzi ophezulu i-naklev ivela ngokulibaziseka.

Ulawulo lokushisa lokukhutshwa kwezikhuku:

Iintsuku eziyi-1-6 - 38 ° C,
7-11 iintsuku - 37.5-37.7 ° C,
12-20 ngosuku - 37.3-37.5 ° C,
Usuku lwesi-21 - ukuvela kweenkukhu kwi-khablogi.

Ulawulo olusenyongweni lokukhupha amaqanda:

1-7 iintsuku - 50-55%,
Iintsuku eziyi-8-14 - 45-50%,
15-18 - 50%,
Iintsuku ezingama-19-21-ukuya kuma-70%

Yintoni ekumele ibe yiyo maqanda e-incubator?

Ubungakanani obukhulu bamaqanda budlala indima enkulu, kuba iintlobo zeenkukhu zezinkukhu ziba malunga ne-60 amagremu, kwiintlobo ze-broiler - 70 g.Kukhawuleza ukulahla izinto eziphukileyo kunye ezingcolileyo, zama ukuhlola iigobolk for chips small and potholes. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amaqanda amasha afakwe kwi-incubation, kulo mzekelo ithuba lokufumana isivuno esihle seenkukhu sanda kakhulu. Ingaphakathi la maqanda lihlolwe nge-ovoscope eneengcali okanye ezenziweyo.

Ziziphi iiqanda ezifunekayo kwi-incubator xa uphando ngemifuno:

Igumbi lomoya lisekupheleni kokuphazamiseka.
I-yolk isondele kufuphi neziko.
I-yolk iphelele kwaye ayifakwanga.
Akukho mabala amnyama okanye izibalo ezibomvu.
Xa iqanda lijikeleza, i-yolk hayi kuhamba.

Iqanda lilele ixesha elingakanani kwi-incubator?

Umbuzo obalulekileyo, ixesha elide lokugcina amaqanda kwi-incubator, kuxhomekeke kubuhlanga beentaka. I-Naklev ezinkukhu iyakubonwa ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-19, ubude bemizuzu engama-21 i-incubation. Iidada kunye nee-turkeys ziyabhaka ngosuku lwama-25-26 kunye nexesha lokuxubusha lweentsuku ezingama-28. Amaqanda e-Goose ahlala kwi-incubator ixesha elide kakhulu, aluma kumhla wama-28, kwaye ukuhoxiswa kwamathambo okuxhamla kwenzeka ngomhla wama-31. Izinkukhu kufuneka zikhethele kwiqanda, xa ziphazamisa inkqubo yendalo, kukho inengozi enkulu yokulimaza inkqubo yokujikeleza.

Indlela yokubeka amaqanda kwi-incubator?

Amaqanda phambi kokufakelwa ukufakelwa kwamanzi agcinwe kwigumbi elipholileyo, imini ngaphambi kokuba igcinwe kwiiyure ezingama-12 kwi-25 ° C. Izilwanyana zikhula kangcono entwasahlobo eluhlaza obuncini, xa ukushisa kungabikho phezulu, ngoko ixesha elihle lokubeka iqanda lisuka ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari ukuya ngowokuqala kaMeyi. Kunconywa ukuba yenze le nxalenye kwisiqingatha sesibini semini, ngoko ke iifubhi zokuqala ziyakhupha ekuseni, kwaye ekupheleni kosuku ukutshatyalaliswa kuya kugqitywa ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko, indlela yokubeka amaqanda kwi-incubator, indima yabo kwi-tray idlala indima, ukufudumala okungcono, ukubeka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi okanye phantsi kokuthambekela.

Indlela yokuguqula amaqanda kwi-incubator?

Indlela yokwenza amaqanda kwi-incubator yenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa, apho kwenzeka kuphela ukuba ugcine ishedyuli eqinileyo. Kwi-incubators ngaphandle kokujikeleza ngokuzenzekelayo kweetayiti, le nkqubo iyenziwa ngesandla. Ukuba oku kungenziwa, ama-embrasi aya kubamba kwiindonga aze afe. Kunconywa ukudibanisa lo msebenzi kunye nokuphuphuma umoya kwesixhobo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufake iilebhile kumaqanda ukuze ungaphambuki ngombono wokujikeleza. Kuze kube ngumhla we-19, inkqubo iqhutyelwa amaxesha amane ngosuku, siyeke ukuphalaza nokuguqula.