Isifo sesifo sofuba sisinye sezifo ezikhohlakeleyo ngenxa yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi ziqhubeka ngokungaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwempawu. Oku kubangelwa ukuba i-agent engabangela isigulo, i-mycobacterium isifo sofuba, ixesha elide asinayo inetyhefu emzimbeni womntu, ikhula kwindlela yayo yokuvalwa. Ngenxa yoko, iikholoni zeebhaktheriya zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukuzinqumla kuba nzima kakhulu. Iqumrhu elichaphazelekayo alisoloko libuyiselwa.
Xa kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwi-mycobacterium isifo sofuba?
Kuza kube namhlanje, izazinzulu ziyazi ukuba zininzi ezingama-20 ze-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba (MBT) kunye nama-microorganisms ahlobene. Ingozi enkulu ebantwini imelwa nguMfo we-TB, omnye u-Koch. Yile bhaktiriya ebangela izifo kwiimeko ezingama-90%. Abemi be-Afrika ne-Asia nabo banesifo sengculaza seM. bovis kunye neentlobo zeM. africanum, ezixhaphakileyo kwiindawo zokutshisa. Ezi zigulo zibhalwa kwi-5% kunye ne-3% yamatyala, ngokulandelanayo. Ama-2% asele ezigulane afumana isifo sofuba kwi-mycobacteria yeentlobo ezinxulumene nazo:
- M. microti;
- M. pinnipedii;
- M. caprae et al.
Bangaphila emzimbeni womntu nakwezinye izilwanyana. Yingakho ubisi obuhlaza, igazi okanye inyama kaninzi kubangela ukugula. Yonke le mabhaktheriya iprokariyiti, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo sezityalo iyakwazi ukuvumelanisa nesenzo se-antibiotics.
Qinisekisa ukuba luphi uhlobo lweyeza oluya kusebenza kwiimeko ezithile, kunokufumana kuphela. I-Microbiology ibeka i-mycobacterium isifo sofuba njengenye yezinto eziqhubekayo-ezinokuthi zingaphila iminyaka, zingqinelani notywala kunye nokushisa okuphezulu.
Uhlalutyo lwe-mycobacterium isifo sofuba lunokusekelwe kwiindlela eziliqela:
- ukufumanisa i-antibodies kwi-MBT egazini lomntu;
- ukufunyanwa kwesikhumba ukusabela kwamanzi kwizinto ezinobungakanani kwi-MBT;
- Uvavanyo lweMantoux ngokufumaneka kweeseli ze-tuberculin emzimbeni;
- Uhlalutyo lwabhoratri lwe-sputum ngenxa yobukho be-MBT.
Uvavanyo lwegazi lona luchanekileyo, kwaye kukho ubuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo kulo, obandakanya izidingo ezahlukeneyo zoogqirha - kuxhomekeka kwindawo ekuthiwa yintsholongwane kunye neempawu zesigulane.
Iimpawu zokuchaswa kweziyobisi ze-mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Ukuchasana kwe-MBT kumachiza okulwa namachiza anganqotshwa ngoncedo lwonyango olunzulu. Ngexesha elifanayo, izidakamizwa ezihlukeneyo ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 ziya kuchazwa, ezithathelwa endaweni emva kwexesha elithile elithile. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo kakhulu kwaye emva koko ukwakha icebo lonyango malunga nalo.