I-Pear Lada - iimpawu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, iimfihlelo zokuvuna okuhle

Ukuqala kwepeyara iLada yagqalwa ngokugqithisa iintlobo ezimbini - u-Olga noLesnaya Bela ngababeleli baseRussia ngo-1993. Yiphumelele ngempumelelo kwimida yelizwe lethu. Impawu ezintle zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo: ukuchasana nezifo (ngokukodwa ukukhanda) kunye nokubanda, ukunyamekela kwenkathalo, ixesha elide lomthi, ukungathobeki emhlabathini.

Iimpawu zepayari yeLada

I nkcubeko ibhekisela kwizivuno zakuqala kunye nezivunayo. I-Pear Lada - inkcazo ecacileyo yeendidi:

umthi ubukhulu obuphakathi, ubuninzi bamasebe buncinci;
Ingxenyana yenxalenye yegrey igrey, amahlumela anobumba obomvu, ahluke ngesikhulu esincinci;
amaqabunga-e-oval-elongated, matte, ecwebezelayo ngaphandle, ephihliweyo kwimvini ephakathi, umgca wancinci;
iintyatyambo ezinobumba obunemibala engama-5-7 ama-rosettes ombala omhlophe;
Iziqhamo zinomfanekiso obovate, ubuso obushelelekileyo, isikhumba esincinci. Umbala wesiqhamo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqithisa okubomvu;
Inyama iluhlaza kwi-hue emhlophe ephuzi, inomdla omnandi kunye omuncu, i-juicy and fragrant.

Ixesha eliphilileyo liqala ukuthwala iziqhamo?

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zenkcubeko ngumvuno ophezulu kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lomthi. Ngowuphi umnyaka ipeyara ivelisa iziqhamo Lada:

Imbewu iqala ukuvelisa isityalo esipheleleyo iminyaka eyi-3-4 emva kokuyibeka kwindawo engunaphakade;
umthi uza kubonisa isivuno esihle emva kweminyaka engama-7-8 yokukhula.

I-Pear Lada - imiqathango yokuvuthwa

Iintlobo zithathwa njengento yokuqala, ixesha apho ipey ivelisa iLada - isiqalo okanye esiphakathi ngo-Agasti, oko kukuthi, ezinye iintlobo. Abayekanga kwaye baxhome ixesha elide kumasebe, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokunqanda isivuno, kungenjalo kuya kulahlekelwa yintyatyambo. Emva kokuvuna iziqhamo kugcinwe ixesha elide-malunga neentsuku ezingama-55-65 kwisebusuku ye-0 ° C. Ukungalunganga kwebakala kubandakanya ukunganyaniseki kokuthutha.

Pear Lada - umkhiqizo

I-Garden pear Lada kule nkcazo ibonakaliswe ngumvuno ophezulu. Ukuba ukhathalela kakuhle umthi, ikopi enye inokufumana i-45-50 kg yamapheya - 10-15 iibhakethi zeziqhamo eziyi-100-150 g.Umthi bahanjiswa ngokusemgangathweni, ekugqibeleni izithelo zinokufikelela kwisisindo esingama-200 g. indawo yokukhusela ibona ubusika, izivuno ziqhelekileyo. Ubuhle beentlobo ezahlukeneyo bubunobuncwane, buyakhula kwimihlaba encinci kwikhophi enye. Kule meko, isivuno somthi asilahlekanga.

Ipear Lada - ukuphakama komthi omdala

Lo myezo wegadi ujonga, unokuphakama phakathi. Ngokwesiko, ukuphakama kwepeyada yeLada yi-2.5-3 m. Isithsaba ngaphambi kokuvelisa (ukufikelela kwiminyaka emithathu) sinomfanekiso we-funnel, emva kwe-pyramidal. Ubunzima obubusika obuhle kunye nokungabikho kobuncwane bokunika amandla kunika uLada inzuzo, ngokunyamekela ukuba umthi uphila iminyaka engama-90, iziqhamo ezilungileyo zigcinwe ngokulinganayo ukuya ku-60-70.

Indlela yokutyala ipear yeLada?

Tyala umthi kwindawo evulekile ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo emva kweqhwa. Indawo ephambili yepeyara yeLada iya kuba kwicala elingaseningizimu lomyezo ngaphandle kwemimoya ebandayo kunye nelanga. Umthi ungathobekanga emhlabathini, ufaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kwi-chernozem okanye ngomhlaba we-loamy. Kuzo, inkcubeko iya kuvelisa isivuno esihle. Ukuba isayithi ilawulwa ngodongwe, ixhaswa nge-peat kunye nesihlabathi somthi.

Ukutsalwa kwekwindla ngo-Agasti, isalathisi sixutywe nge-7 kg ye-compost, 50 g ye-superphosphate, 25 g yeetyuwa ye-potassium nganye kwi-1 m ² . Emva koko ugoba kwi-bayonet ye-spade. Ukuhamba komhlaba kuqhutywa ukususela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kwayo, umgodi onokulinganiselwa kwe-1.3 m kunye nobunzima be-80 cm ulungiselelwe, ozaliswe ngumxube womhlaba kunye nezichumisi: 200 g ye-azofosca, i-10 kg ye-compost, i-600 g ye-ash, 700 g ye-dolomite. Umgama phakathi kwezihlalo - 1-2 m.

Ukutyalwa kwentwasahlobo, umgodi wasiseko ulungiselelwe kwaye utyalwe ekwindla. Inkqubo yokwenza i-rooting iqhutywe kude kube ngo-Meyi, de ifike i-buds ibonakale, ukwenzela ukuba isityalo sinexesha lokuhlala kakuhle ngaphambi kobusika. Ukutyala i-pear Lada entwasahlobo:

esifanelekileyo ukuzalisa izilwanyana ezineminyaka eyi-1-2 ubudala kunye ne-rootlets ezinamandla ezingama-20-25 cm;
Inxalenye yomhlaba engaphantsi komhlaba iminywe ngamanzi kwiiyure ezingama-2 kwaye idibene ebhokisini leengxoxo zobumba;
kwisitshixo somhlaba umgodi wenziwa ngomlinganiselo we-1 m kunye nobunzulu be-70 cm;
Kuya kumaqanda angama-10 aphantsi, atya ukutya emthini onyakeni wokuqala wobomi;
isikhonkwane sokhuni sijongwe kwindawo;
umsila wehliselwa emngxeni, intamo yentsimi kufuneka ihlale kwinqanaba lika-6 cm ngaphezulu kwezinga lomgodi;
xa utyalwe, umthi uphakanyiswa kancinci ukwenzela ukuba umhlaba uhlasele;
Iingcambu zisasazeka kwaye zifafazwe ngokufanelekileyo ngomhlaba, i-substrate ihluthwe;
kufuphi ne-trunk entaba, kuyenzeka ukuba intamo ingcwina;
ezungeze isithombo senza umgodi ojikelezayo, othululela iibhakethi ezintathu zamanzi, umhlaba uhlanganiswe ne- peat okanye i-humus.

Iindidi zeepayari zeLada - ukunakekelwa

Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo i-Lada pear eqhelekileyo ihlala ekutheni ukuthambisa, ukusika izilwanyana, ukondla. Ezinye iinkalo zokulima:

Umthi unqabile umbane kwaye awufuneki ukuthambisa rhoqo, kodwa kufuneka ube luninzi. Ukuhlanjululwa kwenziwa ngexesha lokomisa ixesha elide, kwaye kwinqanaba le-fruiting. Emva koko zonke izityalo ezincinci kufuneka zinike iibhakethi ezimbini zamanzi, umthi omdala-4-5. Ukunkcenkcesha kungcono ukwenza umgodi ojikelezayo nge-trunk enexinzelelo ye-20 cm. Nikeza umthi ngobumanzi kunye nekwindla ephantsi ngaphambi kokuqala kweqabunga, kwaye inkqubo yenkcenkca iya kukhula kakuhle, kwaye imbewu iya kuba lula ebusika.
Emva kokunisela, kunconywa ukuba ukhulule umhlaba ukususa ukhula, ukutshabalalisa umhlaba kunye nokubuyisela ukunikezelwa kwe-oksijini kwizimpande.
Ngobusika, isiqu somthi sicetyiswa ukuba senziwe mhlophe, esiza kusebenza njengokhuseleko kwiintlekele. I-Pristruilny isangqa kungcono ukufefa nge-sawdust.

Ukunciphisa amapheya eLada

Umyezo weegadi weLada ulungiswe entwasahlobo ngoMashi ukuya kutshatyalaliswa kwe-sap. Isusa inxalenye yamasebe amadala, inqubo ikuvumela ukuba uvuselele iinjongo ezintsha. Kwiminyaka eyi-3-4 yokuqala yobomi, umthi uveliswa ngesithsaba esifanelekileyo sesithsaba - kwintwasahlobo yokuqala 4 amagqabini anesigxina ashiywe, abancinci kunye nenqanaba eliphambili li-25%. I-Pear Lada ayinayo i-pruning ehlobo. Kwixesha elizayo, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukunakekelwa kubandakanya ekususeni amasebe adibeneyo, anesifo, ahlangeneyo, omdala, amaqabunga omisiwe, ecoca isithsaba. Amacandelo anesisindo esingu-1.5 cm ayaphathwa nge- sauce yegadi .

Ipear Lada - impoli

I-Garden pear iLada ibhekisela kwizilwanyana ezichumayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukwandisa ukuvelisa kunye nesantya sesithelo esiseduze nayo, kufuneka uhlanyele ezinye iintlobo. Umlinganiselo oyintloko wokukhethwa yi-incident of the flowering time and size of the crown. Ezi meko zenza kube lula ukulahlekelwa izivuno ngenxa yokuthungca ezinye izityalo ngabanye. I-Pear Lada - i-pollinators engcono kakhulu: i-Severyanka, i-Chizhovskaya, i-Cosmic, i-Rogneda. Unesithsaba esincinane sesithsaba. Umgama phakathi kwemithi kufuneka ube ngowama-4 m. Ukuze kube yimpileni eqhelekileyo, iiplanu ezi-5 zeLada ziyahluka ngokwaneleyo kumntu oyedwa.

Ipey-shaped pear Lada - isichumisi

Into ekhethekileyo yale mveliso yintsikelelo yayo ephezulu ekungabikho kwezondlo. Ngokungabikho kokugqoka okuphezulu, umthi uqala ukubuthathaka, ungagula kwaye kunzima ebusika. Ngeminyaka emi-2 okanye emithathu yobomi, imbewu iqala ukutshala. I-Pear Lada - inkcazo yokutya:

Isigaba sokuqala senziwa entwasahlobo emva kokusekwa kwemozulu eyomileyo ngexesha lokuvuvukala kweentso. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa i-organic: 90 g ye-carbamide (okanye i-manure yenkukhu) i-7 litres zamanzi, umthi uphalaliswa ngesangqa kunye nama-2-3 amabhakethi okwakhiwa.
Emva kweentyantyambo, umsila unakho ukutyalwa ngeebhakethi ezintathu ze-nitroammophoska zihlanjululwa ngamanzi 1: 200.
Ehlobo, ngexesha lokuqulunqwa kweziqhamo phantsi kwe-trunk, i-mullein okanye i-slurry iyaziswa, iwahlambela ngamanzi 1: 6. Inqanaba lokusetyenziswa li-2 amabhakethi ngomthi.
Ekwindla, xa onke amahlamvu ehamba, bacwangcisa ukutya okusesithathu: 15 g ye-potassium chloride kunye ne-35 g ye-superphosphate izalwe kwi-10 ilitha amanzi. Icandelo lobunjwa lwanele ukuchumisa i-1 m ² yesalathisi. Ngaphantsi kokumba, 140 g ye-ash / m ² ingongezwa.

Pear Lada - Izifo

I-Garden pear Lada ibonisa ukuchasana okuphezulu kwi-scab, ukutshiswa kwamagciwane kunye nezinye izifo. Kodwa ngokunyamekela okungafanelekanga kwaye unokugula. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-Lada pear ayiqhakazi, ke ayinako izondlo okanye i-frequency yayo kwaye umlinganiselo uphukile. Esinye isizathu sokungabikho kweziqhamo ezithwala iziqhamo nezifo . Ezizona ziqhelekileyo zazo zi:

Indawo yeBrown. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe ngotshani obomvu. Ukwenzelwa unyango, amasebe awonakalisiweyo asuswe, umhlaba ugobile. Njengokuthintela entwasahlobo, umthi uphathwe ngomxube we-3% weBordeaux ngaphambi kokuphalaza. Emva kokuwa kweepalali, amalungiselelo okubhedu asetyenziswayo - Champion, Meteor.
Isifo sobunzima. Iifungus, ihlanganisa amahlamvu, i-ovary iyawa. Emaqabini kukho ukukhawula okulula, okwangoku kudlulela kumachashazi amnyama. Kulo mfuneko udinga i-colloidal sulfure - 25 g / 10 ilitha amanzi. Ukuthintela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, umthi uphathwa nge-fungicide ebizwa ngokuthi i-Fundazol.
Ukugqithisa. Kubonakala kwiintlobo kunye namahlamvu, emva kokuwa kobunzima obumnyama kufuneka bonakaliswe. Umthi uphathwe nge-urea, uchithe i-gram 700 yeyeza ku-10 ilitha amanzi.
Hawthorn. I-Caterpillar, inonakalisa i-ovari kunye namahlamvu. Umthi ochaphazelekayo uphathwa ngeCarbophos.
Aphids, pear candy. Ilimaza amaqabunga, amahlumela, atsha iindiza ezivela kwisityalo, ii-ovari ziwa phantsi. Ngentwasahlobo, umthi uphathwa ngeNitrofen - 200 g yesilwanyana nge-10 ilitha amanzi.