I-Placenta ekukhulelweni

Ubungqina bepentecenta kukuba bubonakala kumzimba wowesifazane kuphela ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ufezekisa indima ebaluleke kakhulu, evumela ukuba athwale umntwana, aze aphele ngokupheleleyo.

Ixesha lepenteko lenziwe nini?

I-Placenta iqala ukwenza kwiveki yesibini yokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus. Ngeeveki ezi-3 ukuya kweye-6 zenziwe ngokunyanisekileyo, ngokuthe ngcembe zifumana ifomu yediski, eyona nto ibonakala kakhulu kwiveki 12. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda ukuba i-placenta ibukeka njani, cinga ikhekhe. Uyakhumbuza lo mzimba.

Indawo yeplacenta

Njengomthetho, i-placenta ikhona kumqolo okanye ngaphambili kwimbilini, kufuphi namacandelo ayo aphezulu. Ngekota yesithathu yekota ukusuka kumda we-placenta ukuya kwi-pharynx yangaphakathi yomlomo wesibeleko, umgama kufuneka ube ngaphezu kweesentimitha ezi-6. Ngaphandle koko, kuthethwa ukuba kukho ukunamathiselwa okuphantsi kwepentecenta. Ukuba i-placenta igqithisa i-pharynx yangaphakathi-yintlukwano ehlukeneyo-intetho.

Ulwakhiwo lweplacenta

Isakhiwo se-placenta sinzima kakhulu. Kuyo, iisetyingi zegazi zomama nomntwana ziya guquka. Zombini iinkqubo zihlukaniswe ngumbumba, ngokunye kuthiwa ngumqobo we-placental. I-placenta yangelo xesha ilungu lomfazi okhulelweyo kunye nomntwana.

Imisebenzi yeplacenta

1. Ukuthuthwa kwe-oksijini ngegazi lomama kwi-fetus. Ngokufanayo, kwindlela eyahlukileyo, i-carbon dioxide ithathwa.
2. Ukutshintshela kwi-fetus yezondlo eziyimfuneko kubomi bayo nophuhliso.
3. Ukukhuselwa kwe-fetus ukusuka kwizifo.
4. I-synthesis of hormones enoxanduva lwexesha eliqhelekileyo lokukhulelwa.

Ukukhula kwe-placenta ngeveki

Iyakwamkelwa ukuhlukanisa amazinga amane okukhula kwipentecenta kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala:

• 0 - ngaphantsi kweeveki ezingama-30;
• 1 - 30-34 iveki;
• Iiveki ezi-2 - 34-39;
• 3 - emva kweiveki ezingama-37.

I-Norm yobunzima be-placenta

I-placenta ihlolwe ngenjongo yobukhulu emva kweveki ye-20 yokukhulelwa nge-ultrasound. Kukho imilinganiselo ethile ukuba i-placenta ifanele ifane nokukhulelwa. Kukholelwa ukuba ubukhulu be-placenta kufuneka bukulinganise nobude bokukhulelwa, kunye nokunciphisa ama-millimitha ama-2. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ixesha lakho liiiveki ezingama-25, ubukhulu be-placenta kufuneka bube ngama-23-27-millimeters.

Iipathologies ze-placenta

Namhlanje, iimeko zesifo se-placenta ziyabonakala ngokuqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwezifo eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• placenta previa;
• uqhotyoshelweyo oluqinileyo;
• i-placenta ephantsi ekukhulelweni;
• ukuvuvukala kwe-placenta;
• ukuphazamiseka kwamaplanga;
• ukwandiswa kwepentecenta;
• ulwaphulo lwepacka;
• ukuqala kokuvuthwa kwe-placenta;
• ipentecenta;
• ukwanda okanye ukunciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu bepentecenta;
• ukuvuvukala kwe-placenta;
• izicubu ze-placenta;
• intromlacental thrombi njalo njalo.

Ukungasebenzi kwepalamente

Le pathology ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fetoplacental insufficiency. Ukungasebenzi kubonakaliswe yintlupheko yonke imisebenzi ephambili eyenziwa yi-placenta. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana akafumani inani elifunekayo le-oxygen kunye nezondlo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-hypoxia okanye ukulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa.

Umngcipheko wokungafihlelwa kwe-fetoplacental kuphakama phambi kwezifo ezingapheliyo, izifo, izifo zesini somzimba, ukutshaya nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala.

Ngako oko, kuyacaca ukuba uphuhliso oluchanekileyo lweplacenta kubhinqa lubaluleke kakhulu, ekubeni ekukhuleni kwalo mzimba ulungisa iingxaki ezinzulu. Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo ye-placenta nge-ultrasound kwaye, ukuba kukho nayiphi na ukuphambuka kwimimiselo, ukuqala unyango olufike ngexesha.