Kukho izifo ezithintela ngobuninzi abantu kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezedlulileyo, kwaye ngelishwa, abazange baphele amandla abo. Omnye wabo unokubakho kwi-klere, echazwe nguHippocrates. Ngaloo mihla, into encinci yayaziwa ngekhilomera, kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka yaqala ukuqhuba uphando lwezokwelapha, inqaku elithatha ikholera.
Isifo sekholera kubangelwa ibhaktiriya iVibrio cholerae. Ibhekisela kwizifo ezinamazinyo ezinamazinyo, ezidluliselwa ngumbane womlomo, kwaye zichaphazela intlungu encinci.
Kuze kubekho inkulungwane ye-20 yahlala enye yezona zifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezibangela ubhubhane kwaye zithathe amawaka abantu. Namhlanje, akubangeli ilahleko ezinjalo, kuba abantu baye bafunda ukumelana nokukhusela i-k'holera, nangona kunjalo, kumazwe ahluphekileyo kwaye ngokukodwa kwientlekele zemvelo, i-k'holera isaziva.
Kwenzeka njani i-klere?
Namhlanje kunzima ukuhlola umfanekiso wangempela we-kleera, kuba amazwe asathuthukayo akafuni ukubika oku ngenxa yokwesaba kokunciphisa ukuhamba kwezivakashi.
I-kholera iyaba yanda ngenxa yeendlela ezithe zanda ngayo. Zonke ziyakuchazwa njenge-fecal-oral. Umthombo wesi sifo uhlala ngumntu ogulayo okanye ophilileyo, kodwa ungumphathiswa we-british-pathogen.
Ngendlela, i-Vibrio cholerae inama-serogroups angaphezu kwama-150. I-kholera idluliselwa ngoncedo lwamafesi kunye nokuhlanza okuveliswa ngumphathiswa (umntu ogulayo) okanye umntu ogxothayo (umntu onempilo onesifo sekholera emzimbeni).
Ngoko, usulelo oluqhelekileyo luvela phantsi kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- ukusela amanzi angcolileyo;
- ukungena emlonyeni wamanzi xa ubhukuda emzimbeni wamanzi angcolileyo;
- Ukuhlamba izitya ngamanzi angcolileyo;
- ukutya ukutya okuqulethe i-kilera (ikakhulukazi engayithengi ekuphekeni okutshisayo - ukutya kwezilwanyana zasemanzini kwi-cuisine yaseJapan, umzekelo);
- iindlela eziphambili zokudlulisa ikholera - ngezandla ezingcolileyo (indlela yasendlini yokusuleleka);
- Iimpukane nazo zingabathwali bekholera.
Iimpawu zekholera
Ixesha lokunyusa i-kleta lifikelela kwiintsuku ezintlanu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayidluli iiyure ezingama-48.
Inkambo yesi sifo ingabonakaliswa yimpawu ezipholileyo, kodwa kunokwenzeka kwaye kubonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo, kwimiqathango enzima, ekupheleni kwiphumo elibulalayo.
Kubantu abaninzi, i-k'hola ingabonakaliswa ngokurhuda, kwaye i-20% kuphela yezigulane, ngokutsho kwe-WHO, i-cholera igcwele, kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo.
Kukho amazinga amathathu obunzima:
- Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iqondo elimnene, isigulane senza uhudo kunye nokuhlanza. Ziyakwazi ukuphinda ziphindwe, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zenzeke kanye kuphela. Ingozi enkulu ingenxa yokudakalisa umzimba, kwaye ngeqondo elincinci lokulahleka kwamanzi akudluli kwi-3% yesisindo somzimba. Oku kuyahambelana nokuphelelwa umdaka we-1 degree. Ngeempawu ezinjalo, izigulane ngokuqhelekileyo azibonisanga nogqirha, kwaye zifumaneka kwi-foci. Esi sifo siyeka phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
- Kwinqanaba lesibili, i-degree ephakathi, isifo siqala ngokugqithisileyo kwaye sihamba kunye nesitulo esiqhelekileyo, esinokufikelela kumaxesha angama-20 ngosuku. Ubuhlungu besisu abukho, kodwa ekugqibeleni esi sibonakaliso sinxulumene nokuhlanza ngaphandle kokuphambuka kwangaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi okunyuka, kunye ne-6% yesisindo somzimba, ehambelana nomlinganiselo wesi-2 wokukhulelwa kwamanzi. Isigulane sihlanjululwa yiitampu, umlomo owomileyo kunye nezwi elidumayo. Esi sifo sihamba ne- tachycardia .
- Kwiyesithathu, iqondo elibi, isitofu sininzi kakhulu, ukuhlanza kuvela kaninzi. Ukulahleka kwamanzi ku malunga ne-9% yesisindo somzimba, kwaye oku kuyahambelana neqondo elingu-3 lokuphelelwa kwamanzi. Apha, ngaphezu kweempawu ezivakaliswe ngakumbi kwi-1 st ne-2 degree, i-eye sagging, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi , imibimbi elukhumbeni, i-asphyxia kunye nokuhla kweqondo lokushisa kuya kwenzeka.
Ukuxilongwa kwekholera
Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa ngokusekelwe kwizifundo zekliniki kunye nokuhlanza, ukuba iimpawu ezingekho zichazwe kakhulu. Ngobunzima obukhulu, i-k'holera ayinzima ukuyixilonga kwaye ngaphandle kokuhlalutya kwe-bacteriological.
Ukukhusela i-kolera
Iindlela eziphambili zokuthintela ukugcinwa kococeko lomntu, kunye nokunyamekela xa udla ukutya. Akukho imfuneko yokutya ukutya okungahambi kakuhle (akupheki, kubhaka, njl.), Kwaye uphinde uphuze iziphuzo ezingazange zidlulise umlawuli (njengommiselo, ziindawo zokuthengisa izitya apho ukuhlanjululwa kwezitya kunye namanzi kuphakanyiswa).
Kwiimeko zeengxaki ze-epidemiological, ukutyunjwa kwamanzi kuqaliswa, apho imithombo yentsholongwane ihlala yodwa, kwaye indawo zokuhlala kwazo zikhutshelwe i-disinfected.