Liyiphi iqela legazi kwaye lizimisele njani?
Iqela legazi lomntu linqunywe ngobungqina okanye ukungabikho kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo - i-antigens. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziboniswa ziileta zesiLatin (A neB). Ngokuxhomekeke ekungabikho okanye kubukho babo, amaqela amane egazi ahlukeneyo. Enyanisweni, kungekude kudlulileyo, izazinzulu zenze ukuba kukho ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube ngoku, oko kuthiwa inkqubo ye-AB0, isetyenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi. Ngokutsho kwakhe, amaqela egazi achazwa ngale ndlela:
- I (0) - ebonakala ngokungabikho kwama-antigens A ne-B;
- II (A) - ebonakaliswa nobukho be-antigen A;
- I-III (A)-isetyenziswe phambi kwama-antigens B;
- IV (AB) - isetyenziswe phambi kwee-antigens A neB.
Ulwaphulo lweqela legazi lusekwe njani?
Ukuchonga uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana, iindlela ze-genetics zisetyenziselwa ngokweqela legazi labazali, ngoko akunzima ukuyifunda. Ukwenza oku, kunelungelo lokusebenzisa imithetho kaMendel, eyadluliselwa esikolweni kwizifundo ze-biology, ngokusebenza. Ngokutsho kwabo ilifa lamaqela egazi lenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
Ngoko ukuba ngabazali baneqela eli-1, kuya kuba yinto efanayo kubo bobabini nabantwana. akukho mzali akanalo i-antigen egazini-mna (0).
Ukuba elinye iqabane li-1, nelinye linama-2, ke abantwana banokulidla ilifa leqela lesibini, nabo. Omnye wabazali egazini akanalo i-antigen, kwaye ukusuka kwesibini uya kufumana i-antigen A, ejongene neqela legazi le-2.
Imeko efanayo iyenzeka ukuba omnye umzali unalo-1 kwaye omnye unamaqela amathathu. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, umntwana angazalwa kunye neqela lokuqala neyesithathu.
Kuloo matyala xa omnye umzali enama-3, kwaye okwesibini unamaqela egazi a-2, umntwana onokulinganayo (25%) unokufumana nayiphi na iqela.
4, igalelo legazi aliqhelekanga. Ukuze umntwana abe negazi elinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kunye nama-antigens angama-2.
IR Rh izuze njani ifa?
Igama elithi "i-rhesus factor" lithetha iprotheni ekhoyo egazini lama-85% kubo bonke abantu. Abo bantu abagazini labo elikhoyo liR Rh-positive. Kwimeko echasene nayo, bathetha ngegazi lika-Rh.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iparameter efana neR Rh inkcazo yomntwana kwiqela legazi labazali bakhe, baphinde baphendule kwimithetho ye-genetics. Kule nto, iibini zeendiza, eziqhelekileyo zibonakaliswe yiDD, Dd, dd, zanele ukuphanda. Iibumba ezinkulu zithetha ukuba i-gene iphezulu, i-e. ngoko ukhethe abo bantu abaneprotheni yaseRh egazini labo.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ngabazali baneRhesus (Dd) ye-heterozygous (Dd), ke kwi-75% yamatyala abo abantwana baya kuba ne-Rh enhle, kwaye i-25% kuphela-ayibi.
I-Heterozygosity ibonakala kumntwana ngenxa yoko, oko kuthetha, ye-Rh-negative factor of the mother, kwaye inokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, oku akukwenzeka, ngenxa yokuba kule meko, ukukhulelwa kukuncinci kakhulu, kwaye ukuba kuyenzeka, kupheliswa ngokukhipha isisu.
Ngaloo ndlela, njengoko kubonakala kwinqaku, akunzima ukufumanisa uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana ngabazali, ingakumbi kuba kukho itafile apho kubonakala khona ukuhanjiswa kweqela elithile, kuxhomekeke kwigazi labazali. Ukujonga kuyo, umama okhulileyo uya kukwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukuba yeyiphi igazi eliza kuba ngumntwana wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, kuwanele ukwazi kuphela iqela lakho legazi kunye noyise womntwana.