Abaqalayo banemibuzo eninzi malunga nokunakekelwa kwe-apula kunye nokugonywa: kutheni kutyala umthi we-apula, ukuyenza njani ngokuchanekileyo, ngeliphi ixesha lonyaka kubalulekile ukutshala i-apula? Siza kuzama ukuphendula ngokugqithiseleyo kubo.
Kutheni kutyalwa i-apula?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi:
- Ukufumana umthi omtsha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumgangatho weentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Umthi we-apula, njengeminye imithi yasegadi, ayilondolozi iimpawu ezihlukahlukeneyo "zomzali" wakhe xa i-propagination isasazwa ngembewu. Emva kokungenwa kwe-inoculation, umthi we-apula ulondoloza zonke iipropati zomgangatho ophakamileyo kwaye unike iziqhamo ezifanayo kunye neentyantyambo ezinjengomthi "umzali".
- Kwakhona, indlela yokwenza "ukuhlanganiswa" isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iziqhamo zohlukwano olutsha endaweni yesithsaba esincinci okanye ukudala imithi yamapula emininzi ngokungabikho kwendawo engaphezulu kwintsimi.
- Ukubuyisela umthi owonakele.
Kuliphi ixesha ukutshala umthi we-apula?
Ixesha elona lihle kakhulu lo msebenzi luyintwasahlobo, umzuzu ngaphambi kokuvulwa komquba, xa umthi uvuka kuphela ebusika, kwixesha elibizwa ngokuba lixesha lokuqala kwe-sap. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kukuphela kuka-Epreli, xa ubushushu bemihla ngemihla buyi -7 ukuya kwi-9 ° C. Izindlela eziqhelekileyo zokufakathisa imithi yamapula entwasahlobo: ukuphucula ukuphucula, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokujikeleza.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukutshala i-apula ekwindla?
Ukuqhafaza imithi ye-apple ekwindla, xa umthi ulungele ubusika, kuya kwenzeka, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuyiqhuba ngokuya kuyo yonke imithetho. I-autumn inoculation yeepula imithi kufuneka yenziwe ngoSeptemba, ngokulindela ukuba ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqabunga, ukuxhoma kufuneka kuthathe iingcambu, mhlawumbi kuya kufa kunye neqhwala ezinzima.
Indlela yokutshala i-apula ekwindla?
Ekuqaleni kokuwa, bachonywa, njengasehlotyeni (oku kudla ngokuba yi-ocularization). Into ephambili kukuba i-bark kufanele ihambe kakuhle. NgoSeptemba-Oktobha, ungasebenzisa indlela yokujikeleza kwigumbi. Kule nto, ukucoca kwenziwa, iinqunqa zinqunywe ngendlela yombumba kwaye zifakwe ngokuthambekela kancinci kwinqanaba elincinane ukudibanisa i-cambium, konke oku kufakwe kwifilimu ye-polyethylene. Emva koko kufuneka uzifake kwisitya, kwaye kule fomu kufuneka uqhutyelwe kwindawo esezantsi, apho ziya kugcinwa kwindawo ephantsi kunye nobushushu kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Ukhula luya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izityalo entwasahlobo ziya kutshintshwa ngokugqithisileyo ukutshintshwa.
Ndingayifumana njani i-inoculation kwisihlahla se-apula?
Ngenxa yoko, thabatha isitshixo ngeefom e zivela kwisityalo esinolimo kakhulu. Kufuneka uhlambulule ekungcola kwi-bark. Geza ngamanzi abilisiwe zonke izixhobo, isiqu, indawo yokuxhoma kwi-rootstock, uze usule i-napkin ehlambulukileyo. Ijezi kufuneka zibukhali, njengoko iziganeko ezibangelwa lilo liza kuphilisa ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukugcina imeko esemgangathweni - ngokungahambi kakuhle kwee-cambial layers of graft and stock. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ze-inoculation, zizinto ezimbalwa ezisisiseko: ukusetyenziswa, ukujikeleza, ukuququza, i-bark, i-cuttings.
Amanqanaba okuququzelela imithi ye-apple "yegxolo":
- Isebe eliphambili lomthi linqunywe ngendlela engangama-70 cm ehlala kwisiqu.
- Hlamba indawo ngommese.
- Kwinqanaba lamagxolo lenza u-6 cm cm, ukuze i-blade ifike kwihlathi.
- Ingxolo yeengcambu (iinxalenye zesitshixo kwisayithi ye-inoculation) iyahlukana.
- Yenza umnqamlezo obisi kwiinqununu ze-scion.
- Inxalenye engezantsi ye-cut cut sharpened from side to side of the cut and inserted into the root of rootstock.
- Isinyathelo sokugqibela kukubopha izitifiketi zokugonywa ngombane wombane (i-twine, ifilimu).
Indlela yokutshala iipulale ekupheleni kwehlobo?
Ngethuba eli xesha kukho ukunyakaza kwe-sap yogxininiso, iifomthi zifakwe, imithi i-blooms, ngoko ke indlela efanelekileyo kukuhlobisa. Kungcono ukuyiqhuba ekuseni okanye kwiimozulu zezulu. Yilula ekusebenziseni, ihluke ngepesenti ephezulu ye-fusion. Ukwenza oku, nqumla isifuba seentso (inxalenye yesigxobhozo esivela kwindawo yokuxhamla kwi-2.5-3 cm ubude kunye no-0.5 cm ububanzi) ukususela kwiphotho lomnyaka owodwa kwaye uyifake phantsi kweengcambu zengcambu kwi-"pre" eqingqiweyo. Emva kokufakela, le ndawo inamathele kwisikhokelo esiphantsi kunye ne-polymer tape. Iinjongo kufuneka zihlale zikhululekile. Emva kweveki enye okanye ezimbini, kubalulekile ukukhulula i-bandage. Ngenkqubo ephumelelayo, i-eyelet iya kuhluma emva kwentwasahlobo.