Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, icebo lokuqikelela ukukhulelwa komntwana onempilo luya ngokuqhelekileyo. Abazali bazama ukukhusela imiphumo engafunekiyo ngaphambili, ukuphelisa zonke iingozi zeengxaki ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeletha kunye nempilo yentsana ekhanukisayo. Ukuze umntwana azalwe enempilo, isibini esitshatileyo kufuneka sifunde uviwo olupheleleyo lwezonyango ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
Yintoni eyenza ukuzalwa komntwana onempilo?
Ubungakanani bokuzalwa komntwana onempilo buhlobene ngqo nendlela yokuphila yabazali. Oogqirha banikela ngcebiso efanelekileyo malunga nendlela yokukhulelwa umntwana onempilo:
- ixesha elifanelekileyo kakhulu lokukhulelwa ngu-Agasti-Septemba. Kufuneka uhambe ngakumbi kwaye udle ukutya okuphezulu kwiivithamini;
- ibanga elihle lokuzalwa komntwana ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwe-35. Ukuba ukukhulelwa kwenzeka kamva, kuyimfuneko ukuba uphumelele uphando nge-geneticist;
- Imitshato enxulumene kakhulu inokwandisa umngcipheko womntwana onesifo esiyingozi;
- Kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba ucetywe kunye neenyanga ezintathu emva kokuba kucetyiswa ukuba uthathe kathathu i-2 mg ye-folic acid. Ulawulo lwayo luyanciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kweengxaki zomntwana obunxulumene nodongeni lwesisu kunye nengqondo.
Indlela yokukhulelwa nokuzala umntwana onempilo?
Uphando lwe-geneticist luya kugqiba ukuba kunokwenzeka yini ukuzala umntwana onempilo, nokuba ingaba isibini esitshatileyo sisengozini. Ugqirha, uthembele kwiziphumo zokuxilongwa, uya kukuxelela indlela yokuzala umntwana onempilo. Uphononongo luqala ngokucaciswa kwesethi ye-chromosome yomtshato.
Abantu banokuphila kakuhle, babe nokulungelelaniswa kwe-chromosomal rearrangements. Kwaye kunye nokutshintshwa kwenzala enjalo ye-chromosome, umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana ogulayo uya kuba phakathi kwe-10 no-30%. Ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuphulwa kuyakukhusela ukuvela komntwana oswelekileyo.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, kuyimfuneko ukushiya imikhwa emibi, njengotywala, ukutshaya kunye neziyobisi. Kunqweneleka ukukhuphela ngaphandle ukusebenzisa amayeza.
Kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, phambi kweveki ye-10, ibhinqa kufuneka lifumane uviwo olufanelekileyo lwe-rubella, i-toxoplasmosis, i-cytomegalovirus kunye ne-herpes.
Indlela yokujonga ukuba umntwana usempilweni?
Ukwazi indlela yokuzala umntwana onempilo, akufanele ukhulule kwaye ungayihoxisi iimviwo kunye nokuhlalutya okumiselwe ngabafazi. Inani elikhulu le-chromosomal eliqhelekanga lifunyenwe usebenzisa i-ultrasound.
Ngoko, kwiiveki ezi-11 ukuya kwe-13, ukunyuka kwendawo yomzila kufunyaniswa, oko kukho uphawu lwe-Down's syndrome. Kwakhona, ngeli xesha, i-choopon biopsy yenziwa ukuba ingabandakanyi ukukhubazeka kwama-chromosomes.
I-ultrasound elandelayo ecwangcisiweyo yenziwa ngeeveki ezingama-20 ukuya kwe-22 zokubamba. Kule meko, ukukhubazeka kokuphuhliswa kwezitho zangaphakathi, izitho kunye nobuso bomntwana zichongiwe.
Ekubeni kunokwenzeka ukuzala umntwana onempilo usebenzisa iindlela zokuxilonga zanamhlanje, ibhinqa kufuneka liqhube isifundo esenzelwe ukutyhila umgangatho wabakishi bezinto eziphilayo:
Indlela yokubeletha umntwana ophilileyo ukuba ngaba isibini sele sinezinkinga zokukhulelwa ezingapheliyo eziphelelwe ngamathambo? Kule meko kuyimfuneko ukuba uphononwe ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ulandele ngokupheleleyo iziphakamiso zegqirha. Kwaye, ke, musa ukuyeka ukuqiniseka ukuba ukukhulelwa kuya kuphelisa ngokukhuselekileyo.