Ukugonywa kumkhuhlane we-2017-2018 yindlela efanelekileyo yokugcina impilo kunye nenhlalakahle kwixesha elibandayo, njengoko intlanzi "yesibindi" sesi sifo kulindeleke kungekudala, ekuqaleni kwebusika. Nangona kusekho ixesha lokukhusela umzimba wakho kwintsholongwane, ukucinga ngokugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-immunity.
Luhlobo luni lomkhuhlane kulindeleke ngo-2017-2018?
Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba ezi zilandelayo ziintlobo ze-influenza 2017-2018, ezazisasaza kweli hlotyana kwi-Southern Hemisphere, ziya kusebenza kwintsimi yelizwe lethu:
- H1N1 - "Michigan". Olu luhlobo olutsha lwe- ngulube eyaziwayo " uhlobo lweengulube" luhlobo lwe-A, ukuqala kokusasazeka kwabhalwa ngo-2009. NgoJanuwari-uEpreli ngo-2016, iimeko zeziganeko zalo mkhuhlane zafunyanwa kwakhona kwintsimi yaseRashiya. Ngeli thuba, abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu babulawa kwesi sifo kunye neengxaki zayo. Olu hlobo, oluchaphazela abantu kunye nezilwanyana, lubonakaliswa yinkqubo enzima kunye nokutshintsha kweemfuyo ngokukhawuleza.
- H3N2 - "Hong Kong" . Ngala ma-subspecies ohlobo lwe-influenza A, abantu "badibana" kwixesha elikude lika-1968, xa abahlali baseHong Kong bahlaselwa kakhulu, kwaye kwafa inani elikhulu lokufa. Isizathu sokusasazeka kwale ngxube kwakubizwa ngokuba yiinyoni ezifudukayo, ngenxa yoko yayibizwa ngokuthi "intaka". Ngexesha le-2012-2013, inani eliphezulu lokufa labhalwa ngenxa yentsholongwane. Kunyaka ophelileyo, le ntsholongwane nayo isasazwe kweli lizwe, ngoko ke inxalenye yoluntu sele ikhuselekile kuyo.
- Brisbane. Okokuqala kufunyenwe e-Australia ngo-2008, olu hlobo luhlobo lwe-B lubonakaliswe ngezinga elincinane lokuguqulwa kunye nokuqhambuka kweendawo, ngoko kuthathwa njengento engathandabuzekiyo. Ngelo xesha, kukho umngcipheko weengxaki phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo kunye neBrisbane, kwaye, ngokubonelelwa kwangoko, uphando oluncinane, kwaye le ntsho longwane ibangela ingozi kubantu.
Ngaba kufuneka ndifumane umkhuhlane?
Ukugonywa yindlela ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela isifo sokukhuselana ne-influenza, esinika ukwenziwa kwe-vaccines yonyaka. Emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonywa, umzimba emva kwexesha uqala ukuvelisa ama-antibodies okukhusela kwiintlobo ezithile zentsholongwane, umphumo walo ohlala malunga nonyaka. Nangona isifo emva kokugonya senzekile (kuba isitofu singenako ukunika isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo), ngoko isifo sifumanekile.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abaqondi ukuba umkhuhlane uphenduleka. Ekubeni kungabandakanywa kwiluhlu olufunekayo, umntu ngamnye uya kugqiba ukuba ngaba uya kugonywa okanye angayi. Oogqirha kuphela banikela iingcebiso, kwaye, ngokobuninzi babo, isitofu sokukhusela umkhuhlane 2017-2018 sinyanzelekile kubo bonke abadala nabantwana, ukususela kwiinyanga ezintandathu ubudala.
Isitofu sokulwa nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018
Njengoko naluphi na ugonyo, ugonyo oluchasene nomkhuhlane we-2018 ludibene nomngcipheko weempendulo ezingalunganga, kodwa oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu. Ubuninzi babantu abafumene ijokeji yokugonywa kwezinga eliphezulu ngokuhambelana nayo yonke imithetho, banyamezela inkqubo. Kwezinye iimeko, iimpendulo zendawo zingenzeka: ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukuvutha komzimba kunye nokukhathazeka. Ngaphantsi kaninzi kwizigulane kukho imfiva emfutshane, i-malaise ejwayelekile, ukuphendula okuthe tye . Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ukuphendula oku ngasentla kudlula ngaphandle.
Ukugonywa kumkhuhlane we-2017-2018
Kwezinye iimeko, ugonyamelo lwe-influenza lubonakaliswe ngxaki ezinzima - iingxaki zeengqondo, iimpendulo ezinzulu, iziganeko ezithintekayo kwindawo yokulawulwa kweziyobisi kunye njalo njalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku ngenxa yempazamo yabasebenzi bezonyango abachaphazelekayo kwesi siganeko, bengayinaki imingcipheko yokujova, ukugcinwa okungafanelekanga nokuthunyelwa kweigciwane.
Ukugonywa kwe-Influenza kubantwana - ngaba okanye akunjalo?
Abahlengikazi bezilwanyana banamhlanje kunye ne-immunologists bacela ukugonywa kwabantwana abasele bezinyanga ezintandathu ubudala. Ukukhusela i-Influenza yabantwana kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo ba tyelela amaziko abantwana, bahlala betyelela indawo yokuhlala enkulu (ukuthutha iidolophu, iipolyclinics, iindawo zokuthenga) kunye nabantwana basenkulanga, ingozi yokuba neengxaki ezinobungozi kwintsholongwane ephezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokungafezeki kokukhuselwa komzimba. Ukugonywa kwe-Influenza yabantwana, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, kufakwa kabini ngexesha leeveki ezine okanye enye.
Isitofu sokulwa nomkhuhlane kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo - wenza okanye akunjalo?
Ngokutsho koogqirha, isitofu sokukhusela umkhuhlane we-2017-2018 ukhulelwe ukhuselekileyo kwaye uboniswe nanini na ixesha lokukhulelwa. Izifundo ezininzi zibonakalisa ukuba iziyobisi eziphambili ze-anti-influenza ziyakwazi ukuchaphazela inkqubo yokukhulelwa kunye nophuhliso lwamafestile, ngelixa likhusela ngokupheleleyo umama nomntwana esizayo kwimiphumo emibi yokuba usulelo lwe-influenza kweli xesha libandakanya. Ukugonya umkhuhlane wabafazi abakhulelweyo, ngaphezu koko, iqingatha intsholongwane yintsana ezinyangeni ezintandathu ukususela ekuzalweni.
Ukugonywa malunga nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018 - nini ukuyenza?
Isitofu sokugonywa kwe-Antifungal kufuneka senziwe phambi kokuqala kwenkcubeko ye-influenza, ngokuqwalasela ixesha lokuphuhliswa kwamagciwane okukhusela emzimbeni (ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezine). Kucetyiswa ukuba uqale ukugonywa ngo-Septemba-Oktobha, kodwa kungekudala ukusetyenziswa kwesicontsho malunga nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018 kwaye ngoNovemba-Disemba, kuba ukuqhambuka okugqithisileyo kuqikelelwe yiengcali kwinyanga yesibini ebusika.
Ukugonywa malunga nomkhuhlane - izibonakaliso kunye nokuchasene
Izibonakaliso zokugonya ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yentsholongwane ziyanconywa ngokubanzi malunga nabantu bonke. Kule meko, inkqubo iyafuna uviwo logqirha kunye nokuxilongwa komzimba ukuze kuchaneke ukuchasana okwethutyana okanye okusisigxina. Ukugonywa kumkhuhlane we-2017-2018 ukuchaswa kwendalo yesikhashana kulandelayo:
- ukunyanzeliswa kwezifo ezingapheliyo;
- isifo esiyingozi sisifo somkhuhlane;
- Utshintsho lwangoku kwiimeko zezulu (ezinxulumene nokuhamba ukuya kumazwe akude).
Masibhale ukuba zeziphi iingqinisiso ezifumanekayo ukugonya umkhuhlane:
- ukuxhatshazwa kumacandelo e-injected agent (i-conservatives, iprotheni);
- zityhila ngaphambili iingxaki ezinzima.
Ukongezelela, ukunqanda ukugonywa ngenxa yezinye izizathu ezisekwe yiingcali ngabanye. Ngokubhekiselele kwizigulane ezicetywayo ukuba zigonywe kwi-influenza yokuqala, ngoko zibandakanya abantu abanokukhubazeka kwabo:
- abantu abadala;
- abantwana abaselula;
- izigulane ezinezifo ezingapheliyo (isifo sikashukela, ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo, izifo zegazi, ukugonywa kwe-immunodeficiency, i-asthma ye-bronchial).
Ngaphezu koko, ukugonywa kulandela abantu abanikezela umsebenzi wokuba baqhagamshelane rhoqo nabantu abaninzi:
- ootitshala, ootitshala, ootitshala;
- abasebenzi bezothutho;
- ogqirha;
- bafundi;
- abantwana besikolo njalonjalo.
Isitofu sokulwa nomkhuhlane 2017-2018 - kungcono?
Kunyaka ngamnye i-shishini lezobisi livelisa zonke izitofu zokugonya kwintsholongwane, ukubeka esweni ukujikelezwa kwezilwanyana kwizilwanyana kunye nokubikezela umsebenzi weengxaki ezithile kwixesha elizayo kwi-hemispheres enye neyesibini. Umgudu wokugonya umkhuhlane ungayinye yeentlobo ezine:
- uhlala amalungiselelo aqukethe ii-virus ezibuthathaka (ezilawulwe nge-intranasally);
- Ukungasebenzi nge-virion ye-virion eneentsholongwane ezingasebenzi;
- Ukwahlula iigciwane ezihlukeneyo, eziqukethe iiprotheyini ze-virus;
- ii-immunithi ezineentlobo ze-antigen virus ezifunekayo ukuze kuphuculwe umzimba.
Ukuphila kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-intranasal enyantombazana ngeendlela zokwenza iiprafu, ezisetyenziswe kwiminyaka edlulileyo, zibonise ukungasebenzi kwazo, yintoni le nto ingasetyenziswa. Eyona nto ikhuselekileyo kwaye isebenzayo ngoku iindawo ezincinci ezikhutshwe kwiimbusi ezinkukhu okanye kwinkcubeko yeseli. Ezi zi yobisi zibonakaliswa ngezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanjululwa, i-reactogenicity ephantsi.
Ukhuselo lwe-Influenza - ukubunjwa
Ukuphila ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane we-influenza, okuchasene nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, ayisebenzisile eli xesha. Ukugonywa kumkhuhlane we-2017-2018 yenye yeendlela ezimbini zokugoma:
- ezixubileyo ezineengcambu zintsholongwane eziza kujikeleza kwintsimi yethu ("Michigan", "Brisbane", "Hong Kong");
- i-tetravalent-kubandakanywa nokubunjwa kwayo, ngaphezu kwezinto ezintathu, uhlobo oluyingozi lohlobo B-Phuket.
Ukugonywa kumkhuhlane we-2017-2018 - igama
Xa ukhetha ukugonya kwe-influenza kufuneka ukhokelwe yizincomo zogqirha, kuba iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo zibonakaliswe ngamanani ahlukeneyo amacandelo kwaye zinezinye iintlukwano. Ngokwesiko, iimveliso eziphezulu zithathwa njengabavelisi belizwe langaphandle, kodwa iintsholongwane zanamhla zangasese azikho emva koko kule nto. Sibiza iigcini eziphambili kwi-2017-2018:
- Vaxigrip (eFransi);
- Influvac (Netherlands);
- Fluarix (iRashiya);
- Sovigripp (iRashiya);
- IGriolol, iGrippol Plus (iRashiya);
- Inflexal (Switzerland);
- Agrippal (Italy);
- Begrivac (eJamani).