Uhlobo lucebile kwaye luhluke kakhulu, njengoko lunokubonwa ngokutyelela iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe lethu elikhulu okanye ukuyalela ezinye iindwendwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukubheka iqela elikhethekileyo lezityalo, ezahlukileyo kwezo zityalo esasidla ukubona imihla ngemihla. Leli lixesha elifanayo iindidi ezazisasazekayo, kwaye ngelo xesha, abameli balo abanakubizwa ngokuba yi-ubiquitous. Ngoko, makhe sibone apho i-lichens ikhula khona.
Uphi ukhula olukhulayo?
I-Lichens ibizwa ngokuba yiqela lezinto eziphilayo, eziyintlangano yefungi kunye ne-algae ehlala njengento enye. Kwimvelo, ubuncinane ubuncinane abangama-26 eentlobo zazo, phakathi kwezi zinto zilandelayo ziyaziwa:
- I-epilithic, ekhulayo kwiindawo zepatye;
- i-epigene, indawo yokuhlala - umhlaba (njenge- Icelandic moss );
- i-epiphytic, imithini yemithi.
I-Lichens ingafunyanwa yonke indawo kwiimeko zasendle - zikhula kwilizwekazi zonke, zingabandakanyi i-Antarctica. Okumangalisa kukuba, nakwiindawo ezinobumba zeArctic, iindawo ezizodwa zifumaneka. Le yindawo apho i-lichen emnyama ikhula khona. Kukho ukushisa okuphantsi, kungabi namanzi, kodwa umbala omnyama unceda umzimba uthathe umbane welanga okhutshwe ngobuncinane. Ewe, i-lichen emnyama ithatha amanzi kwiqhwa elityhidiweyo elangeni. Kwangexesha elide, iingqungquthela zahlala ziyimfihlakalo kwizenzululwazi. Enyanisweni, kude kube ngoku kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi akukho ndawo yokujonga ukuba kukho i-lichen - ummeli wobukumkani bama-mushroom okanye ubukumkani bezityalo.
Indawo yokukhula, apho kukhula khona i-lichen bhasy, yinto yokuqala, yonke imithi, imithi kunye nomhlaba. Ngaphezu koko, i-lichen izivale kakuhle kwiimeko ezinzima zaseNyakatho, kwi-taiga, ezintabeni eziphakamileyo nakwiindawo ezitshisayo zamazwe ashushu. Ukuba yinkcubeko engathobekanga, i-lichen ihlala ephakamileyo ezintabeni nakwihlabathi elihlwempuzekileyo. Kule meko, i-lichens, ekugqibeleni iyonakalisa umgangatho ophezulu womhlaba onamatye, ngokufa kwe-humus layer apho kamva ihlakulela ezinye izityalo. Ngendlela, i-lichens ikhula ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo, ukukhula kwe-yagel kuphela 2-3 mm ngonyaka.
Kule meko, indawo ye-lichens ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, ngokukodwa kwishishini eliphuhliso. Izizathu zokuba izilwanyana ezingakhuli kwizixeko ziyaqondakala. Umoya kwiidolophu ungcoliswe, loo ngqumbo iyimeko engamkelekanga. Inyani kukuba, kuba abaninzi abameli bama-lichens ziimeko ezibalulekileyo zokutya kwe-oksijeni emoyeni. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba indawo yasezidolophini ayifumani iilenze kuzo zonke. Ayikukhula kwimimandla yezoshishino, kwaye ngaphandle komnye umntu unokufumana izihlahla zomthi ezifakwe iithayile zezi ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ziziphi izilwanyana ezikhula eRashiya?
Iintlobo ezininzi zeengcuka zikhula kwintsimi enkulu yaseRussian Federation. Emahlathini ase-spruce, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa iiflethi ezimnyama zendoda enesilumko ehla e-yesebe. Xa u tyelela ihlathi lepayini, akuqhelekanga ukufumana ama-colonies apheleleyo ngendlela yohlwaywa phantsi kweenyawo zeembhedlele eziphathekayo
Ngamanye amaxesha ngamatye phantse nayiphina indawo yelizwe ungayifumana i-foam e-grey brown. Yakhiwa yi-lichens ebizwa ngokuba yi-lichens.
Kwizinto zendalo, kukho iindawo zamatye ezinqabileyo (umzekelo, udonga lwe-xanthra), ukwakha umzekelo wamacwecwe omangalisayo. Abafihla amatye kuphela, kodwa nemithi yomthi, amagatsha.