Igama elithi "force majeure" elibolekwe kwisiFrentshi liguqulela ngokuthi "amandla angenakunyaniseki", iimeko ezinzima ukuzibona ngaphambili. Amagqwetha sele sele athe wagqiba kweengongoma eziphambili zale ngcamango aze azibandakanye kumnqophiso. Kukho uluhlu olucacileyo, kodwa abantu abaninzi bayakulibala ukuba kunokungafani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi.
Mandla Majeure - yintoni na?
Igama elithi "force majeure" lihunyushwe ngokuthi "amandla aphezulu", kumaphepha omthetho eli gama lithetha izenzo ezingalindelekanga ezichaphazela ukuthotyelwa kwesivumelwano. Abaxhomekeke kubathathi-nxaxheba kwintengiselwano, kwaye ngaphakathi kwesi sikhokelo somthetho oku kukukhulula kwimfuneko yokuba uxanduva lokuphulwa kwemiqathango kunye neemeko. Iziganeko ezinjalo zihlulwe zibe zingalindelekanga kwaye ziboneleleke, ezingenakukhutshwa. Ukuze ugweme ilahleko, amagqwetha anika umyalelo wokukhutshwa kwezibophelelo ezinjalo. I-Force Majeure kukuba:
- ntlekele zemvelo:
- ukugula komnye wabachaphazelekayo;
- ukubetha.
Yintoni "usebenza ngamandla"?
Amandla amajoni amaninzi yilezo eziza ngenxa yezinto eziphathekayo zendalo:
- iinyikima;
- izikhukula;
- i ntshukumo;
- tsunami;
Kwimithetho yomthetho, olu luhlu lubandakanya ukulahleka, umonakalo kwimpahla xa uthuthwa ulwandle. Amandla amakhulu omthetho athatha ingqwalasela eminye imiba yabantu kunye nentlalo:
- imiyalelo karhulumente yokungenisa, ukuthunyelwa kweempahla kunye neentlanzi;
- izenzo zezempi kunye neenguqulelo;
- ukuguquka komgaqo-mali;
- ukudibanisa imarike.
Ziziphi iimeko zamandla amakhulu?
Amandla amajeje okanye ukunyanzelisa iimeko ezinkulu zibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi, izivumelwano ezininzi azibandakanyi ubungozi bezorhwebo kulo. Ngoko ke, iingcali zicebisa amaqela kwi-khontrakthi ngokucacileyo ichaza iimeko kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, faka izinto eziyimfuneko. Zonke ezi meko, amagqwetha ahlukaniswe ngamaqela amabini:
- Zendalo kunye noluntu . Iindali zendalo, kwoluhlu lwazo, ngokubhekiselele kwisethi esimiselweyo yeentlekele ezinokwenzeka, kunokwenzeka ukubandakanya esinye isomlo okanye ixesha lezulu, amaqabunga - zonke iziganeko ezicacileyo kwindawo ethile. Kwakhona ukudilizwa kwezixhobo ngenxa yeemeko zangaphandle.
- LweNtlalo . Izizathu ezibangele ukuziphatha kwabantu: iifolothi, ukubetha, ukuphazamiseka komphakathi, iindlela ezigqithisiweyo.
Iimpazamo ezinkulu zamabhanki
Amandla amakhulu kunye nokunyanzela amandla ekuchazeni izivumelwano zihambelanayo, zonke iinkalo ziqwalaselwe ngokucophelela kwaye ziqwalaselwe ngqalelo kumaziko emali xa zibonelela ngemali-mboleko. Ukungabi nemali okanye ukulahleka komsebenzi ngumthengi kuloluhlu alufakiwe. Ngaphantsi kwemithetho eqhelekileyo, nyanzela iimeko ezinkulu kwiimvumelwano zemboleko, ngaphezu kweentlekele zemvelo ezingentla, zibandakanya:
- umlilo;
- izenzo zesigebengu;
- izenzo ezenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwintsimi.
Iimeko ezinjalo zikhululekile kwiimbopheleleko, kodwa kwimeko yokuba umboleki uyazisa ibhanki malunga nabo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwakhona kuthatha ingqalelo ixesha lokuqinisekisa ukuba zeziphi iindidi zamandla amakhulu ahlukeneyo:
- Ixesha elifutshane. Ntlekele zemvelo.
- Elide. Ukukhutshwa kwempahla yokuthumela ngaphandle okanye ukungenisa impahla, ukukhutshwa, imingcele yemali.
Mandla majeure kwisivumelwano sesevisi
Iimeko ezinzima-phantsi kwekhontrakthi zichaza abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bakhusele iimfuno zabo kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga kunye neziphumo ezingathandekiyo. Kule meko, abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo banokwenza izilungiso zabo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo zonke iinkalo. Into ekhankanywe ngayo ingena ekupheleni kwesivumelwano kunye nakwi-addenda. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imicimbi ebhaliweyo eyenzekayo, isivumelwano esongezelelweyo senziwe, kunye noshintsho kwixesha. I-Force majeure kwisivumelwano siqwalaselwe ukuba:
- amaqela ayazisa ngolunye utshintsho olungathandekiyo;
- amaxwebhu asemthethweni aqinisekisa imeko;
- isaziso senziwe ngexesha, kungenjalo ilungelo lokuguqula umhla wokugqibela luchoxisiwe.
Ukunyanzela iMajeure kwezoKhenketho
Iimeko ezinjengezobunzima kwezobuchwephesha zibizwa ngokuba yimingcipheko, ubunqabileyo babo kukuba kunzima ukuhlukanisa imeko elolo hlobo. Sithetha ngemiphumo engathandekiyo yale nto okanye loo meko kubakhenkethi nakwi-arhente yokuhamba. Kwaye kwelinye ilizwe akukho nto inokwenzeka. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zendawo yokuvakatsha, okufuneka ukuba ibe kwisivumelwano:
- Ukuphanga kwendlu ngexesha lokuhamba kwabanikazi ukuphumla.
- Ukutyhefuza ngeemveliso zangaphandle.
- Usulelo ngexesha lohambo.
- Ukulahlekelwa kwemithwalo kwinqwelo-moya, ukuphanga kwelinye ilizwe.
- Ukuphulwa kwemithetho yolunye uhlangothi ngokungazi.
- Ingxaki kwikhaya lokubalekela ngenxa yeengxabano okanye imozulu engeyiyo.
Ukunyusa iimeko ezinzima ekwakheni
Ukwakhiwa - imboni exhomekeka ngokukodwa kwimida yemozulu, kwaye ukungaphumeleli ukukhupha isibonelelo esiyingozi. Ngoko ke nyanzela i-majeure kwisivumelwano somsebenzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolu xwebhu, ngaphandle kokuba kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthatha umsebenzi. Isivumelwano esinjalo kufuneka sinikezele ukuba:
- Amaqela awahlawulwanga xa kwenzeka iimeko ezingahlawulelwayo.
- Sithetha ngeziganeko ezingaqhelekanga ezingabonwanga ngaphambili ngexesha lokubhala loxwebhu.
- Iqela elenzakele alikwazanga ukuwaphepha.
- I-Force majeure iquka utshintsho lwehlabathi: umlilo, imfazwe, izifo zesifo, ukusayinwa nguRhulumente wezenzo ezitsha ezinokunciphisa umsebenzi.
- Kwiimeko ezinjalo, imimiselo enikezelwe yintrakthi iyakwandiswa ixesha le meko.