Ukutsalwa kwamathambo kubantwana kuthathwa njengesifo esivamile kunye nokufunyaniswa ngokubanzi nangakumbi, okunye okunokuthi kuchazwe ngandlela-thile kwindlela yokuphila, "ikhompyuter-TV". Ziziphi ezinye izinto ezidibeneyo nesi sifo, nokuba yingozi kwaye njani ukuphathwa ngayo, siya kuqwalasela ngakumbi.
Ukugxinwa kwabantwana - izizathu
Ngenxa yeengqungquthela ezenziwe kakuhle, iinjongo zabo eziphambili zenziwa ngokwemigangatho yokwabelana ngemithwalo, ukunciphisa umonakalo, ukulingana, njl. Ukufakelwa kwamanzi kumntwana kubonakaliswa ngokucwangcisa izakhiwo, apho unyawo olungenayo imingxuma esuka ngaphakathi kwaye phantse ngokubanzi kufuphi nomgangatho womgangatho. Icandelo langaphambili likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isithende siphendukele ngasemva.
I-platypodia yama-Congenital ayiqabile, kwaye inxulumene neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine yentuthuko ye-fetal, ukunyanzeliswa kwemisebe ye-ionizing, imikhuba engozi yowesifazane okhulelweyo. Kule meko, esi sifo sithathwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa kwaye sidibene nezinye izinto ezimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sifo sitholakale, sakhiwe njengophuhliso lomntwana ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- ukwanda komzimba;
- umsebenzi owenzelayo kwaye ongenanto.
- ukuhamba rhoqo kungabikho nantathu kwiindawo ezinzima;
- izicathulo ezingafaneleki (zithengelwe ukukhula, ifa, zineendwangu ezicwangcisiweyo, zincinci okanye zinzima);
- ukukhubazeka kwezixhobo ezixutywa ngamathambo ezinyawo (ngenxa yobunzima be-cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis);
- ukulimala emlenzeni;
- zeleka;
- ukuzalwa, njl
Kufanelekile ukuba ukwazi ukuba iinyawo ezinamathele kubantwana ukuya kuma-6-8 ubudala - kwiimeko ezininzi zenzekile. Xa umntwana ezalwa, iinyawo zakhe ziyizicabha, zingenazo iinqanawa ezicacileyo, ezichazwe ngumzimba wesifo seethambo, ubuthakathaka obubuthakathaka, ubuninzi beethambo ezinamafutha kummandla wezityalo, owenza njengento ephazamisayo. Ubuninzi bezicubu ezinothileyo ezinyaweni zikhona ukuya kutsho malunga neminyaka emithathu ubudala, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kwehla. Ngexesha elifanayo i-apparatus ligamenta ikhula, ngenxa yokuba ukuphakama kwe-arch kuphakanyiswa.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo zendalo, iinyawo zokuguquka, kunye nokuma kwemilenze kunye nokuhamba, "ukukhula" ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi ubudala. Ukuba ukuphuhliswa komntwana kuqhelekileyo, izixhobo ezichanekileyo zenziwa. Ukongezelela, ebusheni, xa kukho ukwanda okwandisiweyo kunye nokuguquka kwamagciwane amakhulu ekupheleni komzimba, inkqubo yesistim ye-muscle iya kuba yingozi, ngenxa yokukhubazeka, ingozi yokuphuhlisa uphuhliso lwe-flatfoot.
Iintlobo zeenyawo eziphantsi kwintwana
Inyawo inemibhoqo emibini engundoqo - inqumla (phakathi kweziseko ze-phalanges) kunye ne-longitudinal (kunye nomda wangaphakathi). Ngaloo nto engqondweni, iinyawo ezinqamlekileyo, ezinokuthi izihlobo zazo zinqunywe kuxhomekeke kwisithintelo esichaphazelekayo, ihlulwe ibe yintlupheko kunye nexesha elide. Ifom edibeneyo yesifo ayiqhelekanga. Ukongezelela, kukho ukuxilongwa kwe "valgus flatfoot", xa kukho ukuphambuka kwesigxina somlenze.
Iinyawo ezinqamlekileyo zeenyawo kubantwana
Ngolu hlobo lwesifo, i-arch ehambayo iyawa, isahluko sangaphambili sokuphumla phezu kweentloko zamathambo e-metatarsal. Ezi zinyameko zinyango zikhula kunye nemfuza yokuzalwa yomntwana ngokunxulumene nesenzo sezinto ezingekho phantsi kwamanye amazwe. Kancinci, ngenxa yokungafani kwamehlo amathambo, ubude bomhlaba buncipha, ububanzi bayo bunyuke, isithupha sinciphisa ngaphandle, umlenze ophakathi uhlaselwa.
Ixesha elide leenyawo ezinabantwana
Ukuba "uhlobo lwe-flatfoot longitudinal" lufunyaniswa, umntwana ufumana ukucwangciswa kwesigxina somda weenyawo. Ngenxa yoko, ubude beenyawo banda, yonke indawo echaphazela phansi, ngokukhawuleza ivelisa i-clubfoot. Isici esibonakalisiweyo sisinxiba esikhulayo sothutho se-shoe kunye nomda wangaphakathi. Ukudibanisa i-Ankle kunye nale pathology ayisebenzi.
Valgus platypodia kubantwana
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-flatfoot esele ide longinal, i-deformation yonyawo ekukhokelela ekunciphiseni inxalenye yayo ephakathi, ibangele i- valgus curvature . Kule meko, kukho ukujika kweminwe kunye ne-calcaneus ngaphandle kunye nokukhawuleka kwe-axis kwi-ankle (ukufuduka ngaphakathi). Isizathu ngezinye izihlandlo zokuqala komntwana kwimilenze, ukulimala, ukhetho olungalunganga lwezicathulo.
Iziganga zeenyawo ezizinzileyo kubantwana
Ukuxilonga kwesi sifo kusetyenziswa idatha yeenyawo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwintsebenzo yefuthe, izigaba eziliqela zesifo ziyaziwa:
- I-Platypodia ye-1 degree - ukuphakama kwe-arch kufutshane nokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zibonakaliswa kakuhle, kodwa zibuthathaka kunye neentlungu ezibuhlungu ngokuhlwa;
- I-Platypodia yee-2 degrees - kukho "ukucwiliswa" kwenyawo, kubonakala ngokubonakalayo, umntwanzana ohlala ecula imilenze (kubandakanywa emagqabeni, emadolweni), ukuvuvukala kweenyawo, ukuguqulwa kweenyawo;
- I-Platypodia yesilinganisi sesithathu ibonakaliswe ngolu hlobo oluqinileyo lweenyawo, iminwe, umntwana unzima kwaye ubuhlungu ukuhamba, kukho intlungu kunye nobude obude obude emacaleni angaphantsi kunye nasentolongeni yomgca, ubuqili obuqinileyo.
Yintoni eyingozi yipropfoot?
Kuyimpazamo ukucinga ukuba ukukhubazeka okucatshungulwayo akuyiyo ingozi enkulu kumzimba womntwana, nokuba kunoko, isiphoso sokuzilungisa. Nangona oku kuyisiqalo sokuqala, imiphumo yaso kwixesha elizayo ingaba libi kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:
- ukuphuhliswa komonakalo ohlangeneyo;
- i-scoliosis ;
- i-herte;
- osteochondrosis;
- i sithende;
- ulwahlulo;
- Morton neuroma.
Ezi ntsholongwane zithuthuka ngeenyawo ezintle kubantwana ngenxa yokunyuka komthwalo kumalungu emilenze kunye nomthunzi kwiimeko zokunyamekela ukunyuka kweenyawo. Iimiphumo ezinjalo zikude, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba zivela kwiintlungu eziqhubekayo emilenzeni nasemva, ukhathala okwandayo kukuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bentsana, ukuhla kwezinga lokufunda kwakhe.
Indlela yokugqiba iinyawo ezicwangcisiweyo zomntwana?
Abazali bafanele bazi indlela yokujonga iinyawo ezinqamlekileyo kumntwana, ukuze ungaphuthelwa ixesha elixabisekileyo kwaye ufumane unyango ngexesha. Ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso maziqaphele:
- ukugqoka okukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwintambo yeesanti kunye nezithende, ukuchithwa kweengcambu zokuqala ngaphakathi;
- izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo zentsana zokukhathala ngelixa zihamba, intlungu emilenzeni;
- ubukho beefowuni, ukuxhamla kwi-plantar part;
- ejikeleza iinyawo ngaphakathi ngelixa ehamba;
- ukuvuvuka kweenyawo.
Njengovavanyo lwekhaya, ungasebenzisa indlela kunye nokushicilelwa kwimizila. Ukwenza oku, udinga ukuthatha iphepha elicocekileyo kwaye, emva kokuba ubeke izityalo zezityalo zefestile kunye ne-cream, i-oyile yemifuno okanye i-watercolors, yifake kweli phepha. Yaye imilenze kufuneka ihlanganiswe ndawonye, iinyawo zibekwe emgceni owodwa zifana nomnye nomnye, umva unjalo. Kwiimifanekiso ezikuloo ndawo phakathi kwesithende kunye nokudibanisa, ububanzi be-isthmus ngokuqhelekileyo buninzi ubuncinane besithathu kwisibalo sobubanzi. Ngaphandle koko, kukho amathuba okugula. Ugqirha lokugqibela luwenziwe ngumzimba wamazinyo okanye utywala.
Indlela yokuphatha iinyawo ezintle kubantwana?
Xa iinyawo ezintle zifunyanwa kubantwana, unyango lunqunywe kunanoma yiphina ubudala, luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye luxhomekeke kumlinganiselo wesilonda. Ngenxa yoko, okokuqala, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa nge-planotography, ngaphantsi kwemitha, i-radiography yonyawo. Izindlela zokuphatha iinyawo ezicwangcisiweyo kubantwana zijoliswe ekuqiniseni izakhiwo ze-muscular zemilenze, ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukulungisa ukunyuswa kweenyawo kunye neenqaqa ngempembelelo ephathekayo emacaleni kunye namalungu.
Ukuzivocavoca kweenyawo ezicwangcisiweyo kubantwana
Ngokuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo weenguqulelo, umntwana ukhuthazwa isetyenziswe semilenze, eyenzekayo ekhaya. Iinyawo ezintlu ebantwaneni zifuna ukunyameka kwonyango - kuphela kule meko, unokuthembela kwimiphumo emihle. Ngoko ke, iiklasi kufuneka ziqhutyelwe imihla ngemihla, kanye kanye okanye kabini ngosuku. Kwinkimbinkimbi yokusetyenziswa kweyeza kunye neenyawo ezintle kwiintlobo zezingane, uqeqesho luhlala lubandakanywa.
Esikhundleni sokuhlala esihlalweni:
- ukuhamba-kwandiswa kweenzwane;
- ntshukumo yeenyawo zeenyawo kunye nokuhamba ngeeyure;
- Ukwelula iisokisi ezivela kubo kunye nakwindlela eyahlukileyo;
- ngokukhawuleza ukuphakamisa amasokisi kunye nezithende ukusuka kumgangatho womgangatho;
- ukuthatha kunye nokuhambisa iminwe encinci (iibhola ezincinane, iibhloko, iipensele) ngezwane zakho ezinzwane;
- ubambe kwaye uphakamise phakathi kweenyawo zebhola encinane;
- ukugqithisa iinyawo emva nangaphandle ngenduku yokuzivocavoca, ibhola enameva;
Esikhundleni sokuma:
- ukuphakamisa nokunciphisa ezinzwaneni;
- ukukrazula ngaphandle kokususa izithende phantsi;
- ukuhamba kwiisokisi, izithende, iimbambo zangaphandle kunye neendawo zangaphakathi zodwa;
- ukuhamba ngecala ukuya ngakwesobunxele ukuya ngakwesokudla kwintonga yokuzivocavoca.
Yenza ingubo yezicathulo, phinda yonke into 10-12. Kubafundi be-schooling, zonke izivivinyo zomzimba zingenziwa kwifom edlalwayo, ngokubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuchaneka kokuzivocavoca. Ukongezelela, abantwana abane-diagnostic kubalulekile ukuhamba ecaleni kwimiqulu, ukunyuka intambo, ukubandakanya kwi-gymnastics, ukukhwela ibhasikidi, ukubhukuda.
Ukuhlambalaza ngeenyawo ezinamabini kubantwana
Ukuba umntwana unento ephathekayo, yintoni enokuyenza ukulungisa imeko, ugqirha uya kuxelela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amanyathelo athatywayo amanyathelo aquka ukuhlaselwa kweenyawo zobugcisa, okujoliswe ekunyuseni ithoni ye-muscle, ekuphuculeni iinkqubo ze-metabolic. Iinyawo ezintlu ebantwaneni ngokusebenzisa ukusilalisa ziphathwa ngezifundo zexesha eli-10 ukuya kwezi-15 ezenziwa ngutitshala. Ukusebenzisa ukuxolela, ukuxubha kunye nokuxubha, unyawo luxutywa kwisithende ukuya kwizwane, inqabana isecaleni.
I-puzzle ye-Orthopediki ye-mathematical for children from foot feet
Ekhaya, indlela yokwelapha ephezulu kunye neprophylactic yeenyawo ezinqabileyo ihamba embhoshongweni okhethekileyo, umgangatho apho ufanisa ukukhutshwa kweendwangu zamanani ahlukeneyo kunye neengca, ezifakwe iipikisi ezincinci. Isilinganisi esicacileyo sabantwana abenziwe nge-polymmer ene-foam senziwe kwaye sisetyenzisiweyo seenkcukacha zecala ezidibanisiweyo ngendlela yendlela, inyoka okanye ngohlobo lwexande. Umzimba wama-orthopedic unako ukukwazi ukufaka indawo yephepheni kwikamelo labantwana, eliya kuqinisekisa ukuhlalisa iinyawo rhoqo.
Izixhobo ezifanayo ziyakwenziwa kwaye zizimeleyo ukusuka ekunqunywe kwiphephe apho zifakwe khona:
- amacwecwe amacwecwe;
- i-chestnuts;
- mapenseli adala;
- iplastiki;
- amaqhosha kunye nezinye.
Ama-orthopedic insoles kubantwana abaneenyawo ezintle
Ukungaphazamiseki kwinqanaba elincinci kubantwana, unyango ekhaya olwenziwa ngokuqwalasela zonke iingcebiso zogqirha, lulungiswe kakuhle. Enye yeenjongo ngokuqhelekileyo ukugqithwa kwee- insoles ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukusabalalisa umthwalo kwiinyawo ngelixa zihamba, zichanekile kwaye ziyeke ukuqhubeka kwazo. Ezi mveliso, ezikhethiweyo okanye ezenziwe ngabanye, zicetyiswa ukuba zigqitywe zombini kunye nasekhaya.
Izindlela zokuthintela iinyawo ezinqabileyo kubantwana
Abazali abanomdla kwimpilo yomntwana wabo, banokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo ekuqaleni kwexesha. Ukuthintela iinyawo ezicwangcisiweyo kubantwana kusekelwe ekugcinweni kweziphakamiso ezimbalwa ezilula:
- Umntwana kufuneka ahambe rhoqo kwaye agijime ingubo engaphelelanga (ingqungquthela, ingca, isanti, ukuhlalisa umzimba).
- Izikhatho kufuneka zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo (amatsha, amanyathelo afanelekileyo enyawo, ukulungiswa kakuhle kweenyawo, kunye nenkunzi yokunyumba kunye nesithende esincinci).
- Ukuzikhandla ngokwenyama kufanele kube rhoqo kwaye kutyelwe (akukho msebenzi omncinci okanye umdlalo ogqithiseleyo wamukelwa).