Inkqubo yokuthutha eJapan yenye yeyona ndlela iphambili kakhulu kwihlabathi, ngonyaka ikhonza abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-100. Namhlanje yiyona ndlela ihleleke kakhulu kwaye isebenzayo phakathi kwamazwe aphambili. Ndiyabulela kulolu hambo kwiLizwe loKhuphuka kwelanga livuyisa kakhulu.
Ziziphi iintlobo zokuthutha eziphuhliswayo eJapan?
Isiqithi saseburhulumenteni sinesampula zamanzi zamanje, umoya kunye nokuthutha umhlaba. Ngombulelo kumnatha womzila ophuhlisiweyo kunye neekhilomitha eziyi-1.2 yezigidi zezithuthi ukuze ufumane naphi na ilizwe kufikeleleke kuwo wonke umntu.
Izitimela zezithombe kunye nemigodi yamanzi yaseJapan kubangalisa ukuba kubemi behlabathi. Kubonakala ngathi le nkqubo ivela kwixesha elizayo, kodwa ingeyinyani. Kulapha ukuba unokubona imodeli yakutshanje yeetroliwe kunye nezixhobo zamanzi, ngokubanzi ukuphuhliswa kwekhaya. Ekubeni konke oku, abaninzi abatyeleli bayazibuza: luhlobo luni lwezothutho oluncinci oluqhutywe eJapan? Impendulo ilula: akukho nto enjalo.
Kodwa kungafanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba kukho uhlobo lwezothutho olungekho ngokupheleleyo - emanzini angaphakathi. Akukho nto imfuneko yoko.
IJapan yayisombulula njani ingxaki yokunxibelelana kwezithuthi eziqithi?
IJapan ineziqithi ezine ezinkulu kunye ne-6848. Ngalolu hlobo lwendawo, umbuzo ubandakanywa uxhumano lwezothutho phakathi kwazo zonke iindawo zokuhlala kwilizwe. Esi sigqibo senziwa ngama-ferries, namhlanje asebenza rhoqo phakathi kweTokyo , Osaka noKobe . Zifumaneka kwingxenyeni esezantsi ye-archipelago. Iinqanawa eziphambili zeziqithi yiHokkaido kunye neKyushu. Ezinye iziqithi zidibaniswe ngamanqanaba kunye namabhanti.
Ibhasi zaseJapan
Iibhasi ziyinxalenye ephambili yezothutho zendlela yaseJapan. Kwi sixeko ngasinye umnatha wezothutho lukawonkewonke uhlelwe kwizinga eliphezulu. Abantu basekuhlaleni baxhomekeka ngokufanelekileyo kulo, kodwa abahanjethi bafanele bazi amaqela abalulekileyo:
- Zonke iindlela zivuliwe ukususela ngo-7: 00 ukuya ku-21: 00. Iindwendwe ezisezindaweni ezikude zisebenza kwishedyuli eyahlukileyo - ukususela ngo-5: 30 ukuya ku-23: 00.
- Kwinqanaba ngalinye kukho ishedyuli yebhasi kunye nenkcazo yeenqwelo zokuhamba kunye nenani leendlela. Kodwa ngamaxesha amaninzi le ngcaciso inikwa ngesiJapan.
- Olunye ubunzima ukungabikho kwenombolo yendlela kwiibhasi. Urhulumente waseJapan unethemba lokuba igama lokuhamba ngebhasi, eliqhutywa yi-hieroglyphs, lanele.
- Kwabaninzi baseYurophu, iibhasi zingabonakala zingakhululekile: izihlalo ezincitshisiweyo kunye nezixhobo eziphantsi. Kodwa amaJapane ngokwabo abaziva bekhululekile.
- Kufuneka uhlawule umrhumo kwindlela yokuphuma.
- ETokyo, i-fare isigxina, oko kukuthi, ixabiso alitshintsho ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lezithuba oza kudlula. Kweminye imizi - ngokuchaseneyo. Ithikithi ibonisa inani lokuyeka apho uhleli khona, kwaye ekupheleni kwendlela ibhodi ibonisa ukuba kufuneka uhlawule kangakanani.
Iibhasi zeendawo ezihlukeneyo ziyaziwa ngenduduzo yazo: izihlalo eziphakamileyo, ukuhlalisa umqolo kunye nokukwazi ukunweba imilenze. Ngoko ke, abavakhenkethi abafuna ukugcina imali kwihotele, bathenge ithikithi yendiza yobusuku kwenye idolophu, kwaye sele bevuka kwindawo entsha ekuseni.
Uthutho loliwe
Uthutho lwezothutho luyathandwa kakhulu eJapan, njengoko kukuvumela ukuba uhambe ngokukhululekile phakathi kweendawo zonke ezixekweni. Iindlela eziphambili zeendlela zokuhamba zihamba ngaphesheya komntla nasenyakatho yeSiqithi saseHonshu. Ukongezwa kwendlela yokuqhuba umzila weetroliwe yiendlela eziziqithi ezinkulu zaseKyushu, eHokkaido naseShikoku. Kuza kube yimhla, zonke iindlela eziphambili ziphinda ziphindwe ngeendlela, ukwenjenjalo abakhenkethi bahlala benokukhetha malunga nendlela yokufikelela kule ndawo okanye kuloo mzi.
Izitimela ezininzi zaseJapan ziyizitishi eziphezulu, njengoko zihamba ngokumiswa kwamagnetic. Lo ngumzekelo wokuphuhliswa kwezitimela eziphakamileyo. Kwizithuthi zombane izithuthi zifikelela kwi-200-300 km / h. Ukuhamba ngolo hlobo loliwe kuya kukhawuleza, kwaye ukuba ufuna ukungena kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukusuka kwelinye inxalenye yelizwe ukuya kwelinye, oku kukhetho oluhle.
Ukujonga kwimephu yezothutho kwiJapan, unokubona ukuba yonke imizila yezitroli ifakwe kumbala othile. Kwaye ukuze abagibeli bakwazi ukuba lula ukuhamba, zonke izitimela zidwetshwe ngombala wendlela abayilandela ngayo. Ixabiso letikiti lokuqeqesha eTokyo li-$ 1.45, ukuhamba kweminye imigaqo ingakwazi ukufundwa ngaphambi kokuhamba kwisikhululo. Kulowo nalowo kukho ibhodi yebhodi, apho ixabiso letikiti kwilizwe likazwelonke liboniswa.
Ngokuphathelele i-trams, abavakhenkethi luhlobo olufanelekileyo kakhulu lwezothutho loluntu eJapan. Iindleko zohambo olunye li-$ 1.30, ngeli xesha kulula ukufumana ukuba isitishi kunye naluphi indlela oyidingayo, kunokuba ibhasi. Kodwa kukho i-minus tram ephawulekayo kuphela e- Nagasaki , e-Kumamoto naseziqithi zaseKyushu, eShikoku naseHokkaido.
ETokyo, kukho i- subway , namhlanje ehamba phambili ehlabathini kwizithuthi zonyaka, ezi-3.217 ezigidi zabantu. I-Metropolitan Metro inemizila engama-13 kunye ne-285 izitishi. Ubude obude beetrekhi ngu-286.2 km. Ukuhamba ngeendlela ezihamba ngeendlela ezihamba ngomgwaqo malunga ne $ 1.50.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, eJapan kukho isitimela esivumelwaneni sombane okanye "isitimela esinqwelisayo", esingasetyenziselwa ukuthutha umzila wesitimela, kuba awuhambi kwimilayezo. Iintlobo zale ndlela yezothutho zanamhlanje kukuba zifikelele kwisantya se-500 km / h. Kuze kube namhlanje, izitimela ezinjalo azenzelwe ukuhamba kwendlela yokuhamba. Ngokuqinisekileyo, "izitimela ezindizayo" ziya kuthatha indlela kuphela ngo-2027.
Ukuthuthwa kweMonorail
ETokyo, kukho uhlobo lwezothutho, imizila engagqithani kunye nomzila ongaphantsi komgwaqo kunye nomzila wesitimela. I-Monorail inezikhululo ezingama-16. Iinkomfa zifumaneka kuphela kubo. Umzila wesitimela unokufumaneka ngaphaya kweloliwe kwaye ngaphantsi kwalo.
Uthotho lokuqala lwezothutho lwavela ngo-1957. Izitimela zizenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo, oko kukuthi, akukho namnye kubo onomqambi. Intlawulo yeli thutho ivela kwi-$ 1.35.
Qasha imoto
Phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo zezothutho zeemoto eJapan , inkonzo yokuqasha imoto iyona inqabileyo. Ukuze uqeshe imoto, kufuneka ube nelayisensi yokuqhuba yomhlaba jikelele kunye ne-inshurensi yaseJapan (JCI). Ngaphandle koko, kunzima ukuqhuba imoto eJapan, njengoko i-traffic hand-hand isebenza kweli lizwe. Yongeza kule nto ukungabi nolwazi lweelwimi kunye nempawu zendlela, ezinye zazo zifumaneka apha kuphela. Kukho ukuqhuma kweemoto kwiindlela, kwaye izithuba zokupaka ziyiphumelo lokwenene, ngoko kunzima kakhulu ukufumana injabulo ekuqhubeni apha.
Iteksi eJapan
I-Tokyo taxi - enye yezona zibiza kakhulu kwihlabathi, ngoko ke ukuba ufuna uhlobo oluthile lwazo zothutho eJapan, ngoko iteksi kufuneka ikhutshwe ngoko nangoko. Kuzo zonke iimitha ezingama-280, uza kufuneka ukhokhe i $ 0.82, kwaye wongeza i-$ 0.80 nganye ngemizuzu emi-2 kunye nemizuzwana eyi-15. Ngenxa yokuxinaniswa kweendlela, nayiphi na indlela iya kuhamba imizuzu engama-15-20, ngoko ke abagibeli baya kufuneka bahlawule imali eninzi.
Kubalulekile ukwazi izinto ezininzi zolu hlobo lwezothutho eJapan:
- Ukungena emotweni kulandela ukusuka kwicala lasekhohlo, ekubeni ilungelo livalelwe.
- Zonke iingcango zizenzekelayo.
- Ebusuku, umqhubi wetekisi unelungelo lokungafuni ukuthatha umgibeli ngaphandle kokuchaza isizathu.
- Ukuba ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka kusemotweni, ke iteksi ifowuni kwaye akukho nto engayinayo ukuyimisa.
Uthutho lwemoya eJapan
Inqwelo yelizwe lenze uhambo lokuthutha lwasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Iinqununu ezinkulu zeenqwelo-moya nguHaneda , uNarita eTokyo kunye neKansai e-Osaka. I-Haneda yinqwelo-moya ehamba phambili kwihlabathi. Kodwa nangona oko kwakungekho ngokwaneleyo kwiJapan elineenkcukacha ezininzi, ngoko ngoku kutshanje kwakhiwa isitishi esitsha kunye nesitishi sokuhlala. Siyabulela kule nto, inani labagibeli linyuka ngama-420 lamawaka. Kukho iikopi ze-helicopter ezili-15 kweli lizwe.
Kuze kube-2000, amanani amathikithi omoya amiselwe nguRhulumente, kodwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yee-airways ezizimeleyo zenze oku. Ngelo xesha, ungesabi ukuba indleko yamatekiti aphezulu-phezulu, njengoko urhulumente weli lizwe uligcine ilungelo lokufumana ixabiso le-veto, ukuba aphelile.
Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi eJapan
EJapan, ukuthuthwa kolwandle kusetyenziswa kuphela ukubetha iziqithi ezincinci ezisemazantsi eJapan. Kananjalo ngoncedo lweefriji ungafikelela eRashiya, eMzantsi Korea, eChina naseTaiwan. Kuze kube yimhla, kuneendlela ezili-108 zokuhamba ngesikebhe eJapan. Ubude beendlela zihluka ukusuka kumzuzu engama-25 ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini kunye nemizuzu engama-45. Kwiifriji ungathatha amabhayisiki, izithuthuthu kunye neemoto. Ngelo xesha, i-fare iya kwanda ngokulinganisela ubunzima bomthwalo.