Ukutyala utamatisi ngumgaqo ongenakuphulwa ukuba ufuna ukuvuna isivuno esihle

Ukutyala komgangatho weetamatati kuyisitshixo ekuvuneni okuhle. Ukulungiselela lo msebenzi, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba iteknoloji yomsebenzi kwintsimi kwaye i-greenhouse ihlukile. Umgadi wezilumko kufuneka, phambi kwexesha lempuma, enze isicwangciso sesenzo, imbewu yokuthenga, izichumisi kunye nezixhobo.

Ukutyala imbewu yeentatayi kwiimbewu

Ukuba ufuna ukufumana isivuno esihle sotamatisi, kufuneka ulandele ngokuthe ngqo imigaqo eyamkelekileyo yokutyala utamatisi kwiimbewu. Le nkqubo iqala ngokulungiswa komhlaba kunye nokuhluthwa kwembewu. Umhlaba omhle ufunyanwa ngokuxuba i-peat (i-2 parts), umhlaba ukusuka kumyezo (1 inxalenye), i-peregrivshego humus (inxalenye enye) kunye nesihlabathi (0.5 inxalenye). Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukunciphisa imbewu kwi-solution ye-1% ye-potassium permanganate imizuzu eyi-15 okanye kwisisombululo se-Fitosporin.

Iimeko eziphambili zokufumana izityalo ezintle zezitamatisi:

1. Ukufakwa kweebhokisi kwiifestile ezingasentla.
2. Ngenxa yokungahambi kokukhanya, ukukhanya okufunekayo kwimizi.
3. Ubushushu bemihla ngemihla buvela kwi-18 ° C ukuya ku-25 ° C.
4. Ubushushu bobusuku buvela kwi-12 ° C ukuya kwi-18 ° C.
5. Ukunisela ngamanzi afudumeleyo okanye amanzi athabileyo.
6. Kuze kufumaneke amahlumela, iibhokisi zifakwe i-polyethylene kwaye zifake umhlaba kwisibhamu sokutshiza.
7. Sisusa indawo yokukhusela emva kokubeka izithombo zokuqala.
8. Ukutyiliswa kokuqala kuqhutyelwa iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokusuka kwamanzi, ukutshiza okuqhelekileyo kwezi-izithombo zenziwa njengoko ilizwe limile.

Ukutshala ixesha letamatato kwihluma

Kwipakethe yeembewu kubonisa imihla ekuhlwayelwe kuyo, kodwa ngokwenene kufuneka uhlolisise ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezikuloo ndawo. Siyaqwalasela ukuba i-optimal age of plant planting is 60 days. Ixesha lokutyala utamatato kwizityalo lixhomekeke kwiimpawu ezihlukahlukeneyo zetamatato ethile. Uyakwazi ukulandela le mihla elandelayo ye-Ukraine kunye ne-Middle Russia:

1. Ukuba utamatisi omude kunye nexesha elide - ukususela kwiminyaka elishumi yesithathu kaFebhuwari ukuya kuMatshi 10.
2. Imini yokutyala yeentlobo zentyatyambo zakuqala kunye neyeshumi zivela ngomhla we-10 ukuya kwe-20 Matshi.
3. Ukufika kweetamatato zasekuqaleni-zasehlotyeni - ezi ntlobo zinexesha lokuvuthwa kakuhle ngexesha lokuhlwayelwa kwimihla yokuqala ka-Epreli, evumela ukuba izithombo ezikhulayo zisefestile esezantsi ngaphandle kokukhanyisa okubonakalayo.

Ukutyala utamatato kwi-seedling kwi-cochlea

Kwifama yokutsala iilori, unokuqwalasela iindlela ezingenangqondo zokutshala imbewu yee-tomato kwizityalo, ezinokukwenza kube lula ukufumana izityalo ezinqwenelayo. Inkobe yile fowuni eyenziwe ngokwayo. Inokuyifaka ngokupheleleyo ibhokisi ebanzi, kwaye inenzuzo kakhulu xa ihlwayela inani elincinci lembewu. Yenze ngendlela yoluhlu lwecandelo elincinci lincinci phantsi kwe-stratter and substrate. Sifaka i-konkco kwi-butt, sitshala i-tomato, size sifefe imbewu kunye nomhlaba kwaye sibeke isikhephe sethu kwindawo efudumeleyo.

Ukutyala utamatato kwiimbewu kwiipilisi zamaphetshana

Ukuba unenani elincinci lembewu kwaye kukho umnqweno wokukhula izithombo ngaphandle kokukhethwa okulandelayo, ngoko kukulungele ukuba utyale imbewu yamatamatayi kwiipilisi ze-peat . Utamatisi kwisigaba esilandelayo singadluliselwa kalula kwisitya ukuya kwi-0.5 ilitha kunye ne-substrate yezondlo, ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande zentengiso. Kucetyiswa ukuthenga amathebulethi ukusuka kuma-33 mm ukuya kuma-36 mm ububanzi, ukutyala imbewu emi-2 kwindawo nganye. Kwixesha elizayo, i-pinch encinci ye-sprout. Ukushisa kunye nokukhanyisa kugcinwa ngenxa yale mbewu kwimodi efanelekileyo.

Ukutyala utamatato kwi-greenhouse

Abafama abaqalayo kufuneka bagcine ngokugqithiseleyo imithetho yokutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, iimpazamo ezenziwe zingabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezityalo okanye ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukulahlekelwa okukodwa kwezithombo. Kwili gumbi elivaliweyo, kufuneka unakekele umoya wokungena umoya, wenze iifestile phantsi kwelayili kunye nakwimiphetho yesakhiwo. Kubalulekile ukuzama ukukhanyisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukutshala ngelanga kunye nezibane, ukwenzela ukuba izityalo zifumane isiqhelo esivamile sokukhanya kwaye musa ukuthunjwa.

Izigaba eziphambili zokutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse:

1. Ukubekwa komhlaba - siwahlula iibhedi, sicinge ngobukhulu begumbi. Ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwinqanaba li-40 cm, ububanzi buyi-60-90 cm. Ububanzi obukhulu beli nqanaba lifikelela kuma-60 cm.
2. Ukulungiswa kwe-Substrate - ukuba unomhlaba wodongwe, kunqweneleka ukuwuhlutha nge-peat, humus kunye ne-sawdust yemithi (10 l / m ² ).
3. Umanyolo - ungazifefa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwe-1 m ² yomhlaba 2 iipuni ze-superphosphate kunye ne-spoonful yeyetyuyamu ityuwa, ngoko umhlaba kufuneka ulungiswe kakuhle.
4. Ukunqunyulwa komhlaba - isisombululo esishushu se-potassium permanganate kwi-concentration ye-1 g / 10 l, ekufuneka ichithwe kwi-1 litre ngokufanelekileyo.
5. Ukutshala i-tomato - isityalo esiqhelekileyo sityalwe ngokubhekiselele ekujuleni kwehlabathi kunye neengcambu, kunye nezityalo ezigqithisiweyo - ukuya kwi-holes ezi-2 eziqhelekileyo. Okokuqala, gubungela umhlaba kunye neengcambu zengcambu, kwaye emva kweentsuku eziyi-10-12 - uthele ngokupheleleyo umsila kumgangatho womhlaba.

Ukutyala ixesha lokutsalwa kwetato kwi-greenhouse

Ukutshala nokutshala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse ziinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimozulu, ubukho bokufudumeza okufakelwayo kunye nezinto ezivela kuyo uphahla kunye neendonga zolu lwakhiwo. Isikhathi somsebenzi kufuneka sitshintshwe kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zemozulu. Ngokomzekelo, e-Middle Russia, unokugxila kule mihla elandelayo:

1. Izitulo zokugcina izityalo eziqinileyo kunye nobukho bokufudumeza okufakelwayo-iminyaka elishumi yokugqibela ka-Epreli.
2. Ithole ngaphandle kokufudumala kwangaphakathi - iminyaka elishumi yokuqala kaMeyi.
3. Amaziko okugcina izityalo ezivela kwifilimu ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala eyongezelelweyo - ekuqaleni kweyeshumi leminyaka kaMeyi.

Izindlela zokutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse

Ukuthatha umgama ogqithiseleyo xa utyala itamatato kwi-greenhouse, akufanele ukwenze imingxuma ibe yongqimba ukugcina indawo. Lo mkhuba ubangela ukungabikho kwamandla elanga ekukhuleni kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kweetamatato ezihlambulukileyo ngefungi okanye ibhaktheriya. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezicwangciso zokutshala iitamatisi, kodwa ezithandwa kakhulu yindlela ehambayo kunye ne chess yokubeka imingxuma, ububanzi bendinyana ebusini be-greenhouse ubuncinane ubunama-60 cm.

Iipateni zokutyala itekisi kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo:

1. Ukutyala utamatisi lweentlobo eziphantsi-ezicetywayo ukuba ziphumelele kwimigangatho emi-2, umgama phakathi kwemigca - 60 cm, umgama phakathi kwemigodi - 40 cm.
2. Iitamatato ezinamathambo angatshatanga, izityalo ezininzi zingasetyenziselwa, zishiye umgama phakathi kweemithombo ezimalunga ne-30 cm kunye nesithuba phakathi kwemigca ye-50 cm.
3. Izityalo ezide zidinga indawo engaphezulu, zishiya umgama phakathi kwazo ukusuka kwi-60 cm, kunye phakathi kwemigca - ukusuka kwi-75 cm.

Ukutyala utamatisi kwindawo evulekile

Abathandi bemifuno basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutyala utamatisi kwindawo evulekile, kodwa nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhambelane nexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye usebenzise izityalo eziqinileyo eziqhelekileyo. Izilwanyana ezilungileyo ngexesha lokungena kwazo zinokuphakama kwe-20 cm kwaye zinamaqabunga aphilileyo ama-7-9. Unquma kakhulu ukukhethwa kwendawo apho kucetywayo ukutyala utamatato. Zama ukungasebenzisi ummandla kwiindawo eziphantsi, apho amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba aphephe ukukhupha ukungcola kunye neengcambu zokubola. Umhlaba ofanelekileyo usabela ngayo 6-6.7 pH.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba wokutyala izityalo zentamatato

Ubume bomhlaba buchaphazela kakhulu isivuno sesi sityalo segadi. Zama ukugwema ukutyala utamatisi emva kweetatata kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala. Kunconywa ukuba usebenzise kwi-1m ² ibhedi ukuya kwi-10 ilitha ye-humus kunye ne-10 ilitha ye-peat. Njengomchumisi, iipuni ezi-2 ze-superphosphate kunye nomthunzi womthi womhlaba zongezwa kule ndawo. Kwimibuzo yendlela yokuphatha umhlaba phambi kokutyala i-tomato, isisombululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate isetyenziselwa, esanisela kumyezo malunga neentsuku ezi-5 phambi kokuqala kokucwangciswa.

Ukutshala i-tomato enomhlaba kwindawo evulekile

Isikhathi sokutyala kwezityalo zentamatyambo kwindawo evulekile ngokuxhomekeke ngqo kwiimpawu zemozulu kwindawo yakho. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqale ukusebenza kumgangatho ophezulu omile womoya we-15 ° C, kwixesha elibandayo, utamatisi awunakulungelekanga kwaye ugule. Kungcono ukutyala utamatisi kwiintsuku ezinqabileyo kunye neeyure zasebusuku.

Imithetho yokutyala utamatato emhlabeni:

1. Indawo yokutya esona sikhulu se-tomato shrub ivela kwi-0.3 m ² .
2. Phakathi kweemingxuma ushiye umgama wama-40 cm, isithuba phakathi kweerhafu - isiqingatha semitha.
3. Ububanzi bombhedqo odibeneyo ombini u-1 m.
4. Iinqununu zibukhulu buncinane ngaphezu kwebhodlela yezityalo. Izityalo ezingenakubalwa kunye neentlobo ezide, ezifakwe emhlabathini zilele phantsi kwe-slope encane, ukufafaza ingxenye ye-trunk kunye nomhlaba.
5. Ekupheleni kokutshala, amanzi ethu amaqabunga, ukukhuselwa emoyeni, soloko usebenzisa i-garter kwizikhonkwane.

Ukutyala imbewu yamatamatayi kwindawo evulekile

Kubahlali beemimandla esezantsi kunenye indlela yokukhula kwesi sityalo - kutyala itamatato ngqo emhlabathini ngembewu. Ngale ndlela, umninimzi ufumana isityalo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, kodwa ufumana iingeniso ezithile: ingxaki ngokukhetha, ukutshala kwakhona nokucima isuswa. Kwiminyaka efudumeleyo, izithombo ziyakhula ekukhuleni kwezithombo, ezithatha ixesha ukulungelelanisa, kwaye zinike izivuno ezipheleleyo.

Indlela yokutyala imbewu yeetamatato emhlabeni:

1. Siphuthuma inkqubo yokukhupha imbewu ngokubamba iiyure ezingama-12 kwi-stimulator yokukhula kunye nokuhluma.
2. Kwiimithombo, ezihlelwe ngokwecandelo eliqhelekileyo lokuvula umhlaba, iintlobo ze-3-4 zityalwe.
3. Ubunzulu bokuhlwayela - ukuya kwi-4 cm.
4. Umhlaba ufanele uxineke kancane ngesandla.
5. Amanzi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele imifuno.
6. Kwinqanaba lamaphepha ama-2 senza utyontsho, kuyimfuneko ukuba ungadlulanga ihlumela elongezelelweyo, kodwa ukuyiqhawula nge-fingernail.