Abantu abaqaphelisayo bazisa inzuzo enkulu kwihlabathi xa babelana ngezigqibo zabo ngokusekelwe kwimiba yabo. Imithetho yendalo yonke engasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi inceda umntu ukuba afumane iziphumo ezingcono kwimisebenzi yabantu kunye noluntu. Omnye umthetho onjalo ngumthetho wePareto.
Umgaqo wePareto, okanye umgaqo 20/80
Umgaqo wePareto ubizwa ngokuba ngu-Italy-economist-economist uWilhelm Pareto. Inzululwazi yayizibandakanya kwizifundo zokuhamba kwemali kuluntu kunye nemisebenzi yemveliso. Ngenxa yoko, wathatha iipatheni eziqhelekileyo, kuboniswe kumthetho wePareto, owawusungulwa emva kokufa kwenzululwazi nguchwepheshe wezakhono zaseMelika uJoseph Jurano ngo-1941.
Umthetho kaWilhelm Pareto ungumgaqo osebenzayo we-20/80, apho i-20% isetyenziselwa umzamo kwimisebenzi okhethiweyo, ivumela i-80% yesiphumo. Ngoxa i-80% yemigudu i-20% kuphela. I-Pareto equilibri yasungulwa ngesiseko somsebenzi wakhe kwi "Theory of Elites" kwaye yabonakaliswa kwimigaqo ebekiwe:
- Ukusasazwa kwezibonelelo zemali ebantwini: I-80% yesigxina esipheleleyo sijoliswe kwi-elite (elite) esilawulayo, i-20% eseleyo isasazwa kuluntu.
- I-20% kuphela yamashishini afumana ama-80% eenzuzo zawo aphumelele kwaye avelise.
I-Pareto umgaqo - ukulawula ixesha
Impumelelo yomntu incike kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifanelekileyo ngenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kunye nezibalulekileyo. Umthetho kaPareto ngexesha lokucwangcisa unceda ngomgudu omncinci ukuphumeza iziphumo ezintle kwaye uthathe ulawulo lweendawo ezibalulekileyo zobomi. I-Pareto ilungelelwano ngexesha lolawulo liya kubonakala ngathi:
- Kuphela i-20% yazo yonke imisebenzi ezalisiweyo iya kunika i-80% yesiphumo;
- Ukuze ukhethe le mi sebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu eya kuzisa i-80% "yokukhupha", kubalulekile ukwenza uluhlu lwamatyala kwaye ulubeke ngokubaluleka kwinqanaba elingu-10, apho i-10 iya kubonisa okuphambili komsebenzi, kwaye i-0-1 ibaluleke kakhulu.
- Umsebenzi olinganayo uqalisa ukwenza kunye nalowo ufuna inkcitho engaphantsi.
Umthetho wePareto ebomini
Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, imisebenzi emininzi kwaye i-20% kuphela ecebisa ngokwenene imida yoluntu, inike amava okusebenza kwaye ivelise ngempumelelo. Umbono wobomi bomntu: ukudibanisa nabantu, indawo ezungezekileyo, izinto kunye nezinto eziza kwenzeka - kuya kunceda ukucinga kwakhona nokuzihlukanisa okungadingekile okanye ukunciphisa yonke into ethatha amandla kunye nexesha. Umgaqo wePareto ebomini:
- Ukuzihlakulela - ixesha elininzi lokuzinikezela ekuphuhliseni ezo zakhono ezenza i-80% inzuzo.
- Imali-20% yabathengi izisa imali engenayo ephezulu, ngoko kucetyiswa ukuba banakekele kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo.
- Isikhundla sendlu - umphumo wePareto kukuba umntu usebenzisa i-20% kuphela yezinto ngaphakathi kwendlu, abanye bathulila kwi-closet okanye zonke iinkcukacha izinto ezingadingekile zithengwa. Ukucwangcisa ukuthenga, abantu bachitha ixesha elincinane ekusebenzeni ezi zinto.
- Ulawulo-ulawulo lunceda ukubala i-20% yezinto, iimveliso zichithe u-80% weemali kwaye unqume apho ungasindisa khona.
- Ubudlelwane - phakathi kweentsapho, abaqhelana nabo, osebenza nabo, kukho abo bangama-20% abantu abanxibelelwano olunzulu.
Imigaqo yePareto kwi-Economics
Ukusebenza kakuhle okanye i-Pareto Optimum kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho yenye yezona ngcamango ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho lwanamhlanje kwaye ziqulethe izigqibo eziqulunqwe yiPareto ukuba intlalontle yoluntu iyanconywa kwezoqoqosho apho kungekho mntu unokuphucula imeko yabo ngaphandle kokuphucula inhlalakahle yabanye. I-Pareto - ibhalansi ephezulu ifumaneka kuphela ukuba imimiselo efunekayo idibeneyo:
- Iintlobo phakathi kwabathengi zihanjiswe ngokwaneliseko olupheleleyo lweemfuno zabo (ngaphakathi kwesikhokelo sabanakho ukuhlawula).
- Izibonelelo zifakwe phakathi kwemveliso yeempahla kwisilinganisi esetyenziswa ngazo ngokufanelekileyo ngokusemandleni.
- Iimveliso eziveliswa ngamashishini kufuneka zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo ezibonelelwe.
Imigaqo yePareto kuLawulo
Umthetho wokusasazwa kwePareto usebenza kwinqanaba lolawulo. Kwiinkampani ezinkulu nabasebenzi abaninzi, kulula ukudala ukubonakala komsebenzi kunamaqela amancinci, apho wonke umntu ebonakala khona. Abo ba-20% yabasebenzi abaxabisa imisebenzi yabo, bazama ukwenza umsebenzi - balethe i-80% yengeniso yabo kwimveliso. Iingcali zengqesho ziye zamkela umgaqo wePareto kwaye zinciphisa abasebenzi abangenasidingo, zilondoloze iindleko zenkampani, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo le meko iyimfuneko kubasebenzi abaxabisekileyo xa inkampani ihlangabezana neengxaki zemveliso.
Imigaqo yePareto kwiNtengiso
Umgaqo wePareto ekuthengiseni ngowona wesiseko. Nabani na oshishino, umphathi wezentengiso uzama ukuchonga izixhobo ezisebenzayo ze-20% zezenzo, iimeko, amaqabane, iimpahla, ezenza ukuthengiselana, ukuthengisa kwizinga eliphezulu. Abanomashishini abaphumeleleyo baye batyhila oku kulandelayo:
- 20% yexesha elichithwe ngokuphathwa kwezoshishino - 80% yentsebenzo;
- I-80% yokuthengiswa inikezwa kuphela ngama-20% yabaphathi okanye abathengisi;
- Ukususela kwiinkalo zonke zeemveliso, kuphela i-20% ivelise isistim esisisiseko se-80%;
- Abathengi abaqhelekileyo okanye abathengi, ezi zi-20% zizisa i-80% yengeniso kwenkampani okanye kwimveliso.
Umgaqo wePareto kwiziko
Indlela yePareto kwi-logistics ibonakalise ukusebenza kwayo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokubanzi inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengoko: ingqwalasela egxile kwi-10% -20% yezikhundla ezibalulekileyo zokuxhaswa, ababoneleli kunye nabathengi ekunikezeni i-80% impumelelo ngeendleko eziphantsi. Iinjongo zezinto zokusetyenziswa apho iPareto isetyenziswa khona:
- ukulayishwa, ukuthuthwa kwempahla;
- Ukulandelela umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwoluhlu;
- ukulungiswa kwemveliso;
- ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kweempahla kumagumbi okuthengisa okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla;
- uhlalutyo lomthengi.
Yintoni ekunceda ukucacisa ishati sePareto?
Imfundiso kaPareto ingabonakaliswa kwiintlobo ezimbini zemifanekiso, leyo, njengesixhobo, isebenza kwizoqoqosho, ishishini, kunye nobuchwephesha kwimveliso:
- Igrafu yokusebenza yePareto - inceda ukuchonga iingxaki ezibalulekileyo kunye neziphumo ezingafunekiyo
- Isatidi sePareto ngezizathu kukuzibandakanya kwezona zinto ezibangela ukuba kukho iingxaki ngexesha lezenzo.
Indlela yokwakha ityati yePareto?
Isatriki sePareto kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ikuvumela ukuba uhlalutyo lwemisebenzi kwaye wenze izigqibo zokuphelisa izenzo ezingenzi kakuhle. Ukwakha ishati kusekelwe kwimithetho:
- Ukukhethwa kwengxaki, ekufuneka iphande ngokucokisekileyo.
- Lungiselela ifom yokungena kwedatha
- Ngendlela yokunciphisa ukubaluleka, khankanya idatha efunyenweyo kwingxaki ehlolwe.
- Ukulungiselela i-axis kwetshathi. Kwi-axis ekhohlo ye-ordinates, inani lezinto ezifundwayo (umzekelo ukusuka ku-1-10), apho umda ophezulu wezinga lihambelana nenani leengxaki, lihlehlisiwe. I-axis efanelekileyo ye-ordinate isilinganisi ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-100%-isalathisi semilinganiselo yepesenti okanye iimpawu ezingalunganga. I-axisk axis ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezihambelana nenani lezinto ezifundwayo.
- Ukudweba umzobo. Ukuphakama kwamakholomu kwinqanaba lesandla sasekhohlo lilingana nobunzima bokubonakaliswa kweengxaki zolawulo, kwaye iikholomu zakhiwa ngendlela yokunciphisa ukubaluleka kwezi zinto.
- Ikhefu lePareto lakhiwe ngesiseko somzobo - lo mgca odibeneyo udibanisa iipalati ezipheleleyo ezibekwe ngaphaya kwekholam ehambelanayo, ejoliswe kwicala layo elinene.
- Ukwaziswa kungeniswa kwisalathisi.
- Uhlalutyo lomzobo wePareto.
Umzekelo womzobo obonisa iPareto ukungalingani kwaye ubonise ukuba yiziphi iimpahla ezinenzuzo kakhulu: