Yintoni impilo kunye nendlela yokuyigcina iminyaka ezayo?

Impilo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ebantwini, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ayiphumeli, abantu abafanekanga bacinge ngako. Ukuqala ukukhusela impilo kulandela nje xa kukuthi: ukuphepha ukuba uyaphanga, kwaye uhambelane nolu luqinisa.

Yintoni enempilo-nkcazo

Ukujonga ukuba yintoni impilo, ishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngoko, ngenkulungwane ye-11 BC. ugqirha uGalen uchaza impilo njengemeko apho kungekho ntlungu, kwaye inceda ekufezeni ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, imbono kwimpilo yatshintshile kakhulu, yandisa kwaye ikhuliswa. Incazelo ye-WHO yempilo ibonisa ukuba impilo ifaka isicwangciso sezinto ezibandakanya intlalontle, ezempilo nezengqondo.

Ezinye izazinzululwazi, ezicinga ngento enempilo, zifakwe kule ngqiqo kwaye zigcina amandla omzimba. Ngokugqithiseleyo umzimba uphendulela utshintsho kwimeko, ukulungelelanisa, ukulwa neenkunkuma ezinobungozi, unamandla kunempilo. Amandla okugcina aquka ukukwazi ukujamelana noxinzelelo lwexesha elide lomzimba kunye nengqondo.

WeMpilo yeMpilo

Impilo yempilo yimeko yomzimba apho zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zesebe zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Impilo emzimbeni enceda umntu ukuba asebenze ngokugcwele kwimisebenzi yawo, ishishini lokuhlala kunye nokuphumla. Amacandelo achaza impilo yempilo yilezi zixhobo:

• kwinqanaba lophuhliso lomzimba lomntu;
• iimpawu zesimo semvelo kunye nemvelo;
• kwinqanaba lomzimba;
• ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwezifo ngendlela ephosakeleyo okanye engapheliyo;
• i ziphene.

LeMpilo yengqondo

Umbuzo, yintoni impilo yengqondo, ingaqwalaselwa kumacala amabini:

1. Ukususela kwimbono yokugula ngengqondo, impilo yengqondo kungabikho kokungahambi kakuhle kwengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kobuqu.
2. Ukususela kwingcamango yengqondo, ngumbuso ovumela ukuba uqaphele ngokupheleleyo ubuchule bakho, ukuzibonakalisa njengomntu, ukuba nethuba lokuphila, ukuzama phambili nokufezekisa iinjongo zakho, ukusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo nabantu abakujikelezile kunye nokuba ilungu eluntwini eluncedo.

Amanqanaba empilo

Kwizifundo zonyango nezentlalo, amanqanaba empilo amaninzi ahlukeneyo:

• impilo yomntu ngamnye, apho umntu eqonda imeko yempilo yomntu ngamnye;
• zempilo yengingqi - isimo sezempilo sabemi besithili esinye sendawo;
• yezempilo yeqela - impilo yeqela loluntu okanye iqela elikhethiweyo;
• impilo kawonkewonke - imeko yempilo yoluntu lonke.

Izifo zezempilo

Iimpawu eziphambili zempilo ziquka izinto ezinje:

• imfuza : zibandakanya i-genotype, ukungabikho kwe-dysembryogenesis kunye neziphene ezizuze ilifa;
• i-morphological : iqondo lophuhliso lomzimba kunye nohlobo lomgaqo-siseko;
• i-biochemical : umgangatho wezalathisi zezixhobo zamanzi kunye nezicubu;
• ukliniki , ukuthetha malunga nobukho okanye ukungabikho kwesifo;
• isisombululo : isantya seenkqubo zokuxilisa;
• isebenzayo : eli qela libandakanya okuqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphendula ngayo, kwakunye nokukwazi ukugcina amandla okusebenza kunye nefom esebenzayo;
• kwengqondo , kuquka ukuxhomekeka kwintliziyo-enamandla kunye nengqiqo, uhlobo lwe-GNI kunye nesimo sengqondo;
• intlalo-komoya : iinjongo zokuziphatha kunye neenjongo zomntu ngamnye, iimfuno kunye neminqweno.

Izibonakaliso zempilo yabantu

Izikhokelo zeenjongo zempilo yabantu ziquka izikali ezili-12:

1. Uxinzelelo lwegazi. Uxinzelelo olungileyo ngu 110/70 mm Hg. Ubugcisa. Ezinye iimithombo zithi xa uneminyaka yobudala, uxinzelelo lunokwanda ukuya kwi-120-130 mm Hg. kwaye ukuba ukwanda okunjalo kuyinto evamile. Le ngcamango ingabizwa ngokuba yinyameko, kuba enyanisweni nayiphi na ukwanda kweengcinezelo yiphumo lokugula kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela engalunganga.
2. Intlawulo yenhliziyo (izinga lentliziyo) ekuphumleni. Umgangatho ngowama-60 impsi ngomzuzu.
3. Ukufudumala. Ngomzuzu kufuneka kubekho ngaphaya kwe-16 ukuphefumula.
4. Iqondo lokushisa. Umntu onempilo unobushushu bomzimba ka-36.60
5. IHemoglobin. Kuyabasetyhini, isiqhelo se- hemoglobin i-120 mg / l, kunye namadoda-130 mg / l. Ukuwa kwesi sixalathisi kukhokelela ekutshintsheni okungalungileyo kwidatha yamanye amaparitha.
6. Bilirubin. Ngokuqhelekileyo eli nani li-21 μmol / l. Ibonisa indlela umzimba osebenza ngayo ngokucwangciswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingapheliyo.
7. Urine. Nsuku zonke, ilitha lomchamo ludityaniswe emzimbeni womntu kunye nobukhulu becala be-1020 kunye ne-asidi ye-5.5.
8. Index of height and weight. Esi sahlulo sibalwa ukusuka kwiitheyibhile ngokususa ubunzima bomzimba ukusuka ekukhuleni.
9. Ushukela egazini. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo li-5.5 mlol / l.
10. PH yegazi. Iimiselo zithathwa njengokuba ziphakathi kwe-7.32-7.42. Iinkcukacha ezingezantsi kwe-6.8 nangaphezulu kwe-7.8 ziyafa.
11. Leukocytes. Ngomntu onempilo, inani le leukocyte liya kuba yi-4.5,000 kwizinga lesithoba. Amanani aphakanyisiweyo abonisa ubukho benkqubo yokuvuvukala.
12. Cholesterol. Izinga eliqhelekileyo le- cholesterol alifanele lidlulele kwi-200 mg / dl. Isalathiso se-239 mg / dl sivumeleke kakhulu.

Izalathisi zezempilo zoluntu

Impilo yoluntu ibonisa isimo sempilo esiphezulu samalungu omphakathi kwaye ibonakalisa ukunyuka kwayo jikelele. Iquka izinto ezinjalo:

1. Izinga lokukhula. Iquka inani lokuzalwa ngamnye ngonyaka ngabantu abayiwaka. Isalathisi esibanzi sizalwa abantwana abangama-20-30.
2. Inani lokufa. Umyinge wesantya wokufa ngowama-15-16 ukufa kwabantu ngonyaka. Ukuba ukufa kwabudala kuthathwa njengesiqhelo, ukufa kwabantwana kuthathwa njengezilwanyana kwaye kubonakalisa ukungonwabi kwentlalo. Isantya sokufa sabantwana abancinci singaphantsi kwe-15 abantwana ngonyaka ukuya kwabantwana abatsha abayi-1000, abantwana abangaphezulu kwama-60.
3. Ukukhula koLuntu kubonisa umahluko phakathi kwenani labantwana abazalwe kunye nenani labaluntu abafayo.
4. Umyinge wexesha lokuphila. Isibonakaliso esihle sichazwe kwiminyaka engama-65-75, enganelisekanga kwiminyaka engama-40-50.
5. I-coefficient of age of community members is calculated from the difference between the number of people under 60 and after 60. I-indicators indicator is a percentage above 20, kwaye isibonakaliso esihle singaphantsi kwe-5.
6. Ukunyuka komatshini kubemi kubonisa iphesenti yokufuduka.
7. Izinga lomlinganiselo.
8. Isibonakaliso sokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kunye nokufumana ukukhubazeka.
9. Isalathisi sokuphuhliswa komzimba kuxhomekeke kwiqela lohlanga, iimozulu kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

Izinto ezichaphazela impilo yabantu

Impilo yabantu ixhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi, ngoko ke ukwazi ukuba yintoni imingcipheko yempilo yabantu, kunye nefuthe ekuphuculeni kwayo, inokunceda wonke umntu uluntu uphucule impilo yabo. Yonke into echaphazela impilo yomntu ingahlula kumaqela alandelayo:

• indlela yobomi;
• ubudala bezinto eziphilayo;
• imeko zezoqoqosho nezentlalo;
• imeko yemo;
• ukufumaneka kwonyango.

Izinto ezibangela ukukhuthazwa kwezempilo

Ukuhlalutya indlela yokugcina impilo yabantu, oogqirha bachonga ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Ukutya okunomdla kunye nokutya. Imenyu ifanele ibe yohluke, ilinganisekile, kwaye ukutya kufuneka kuthathelwe ngokwemiqathango yolawulo.
2. Umsebenzi omzimba ophantsi.
3. Ukuphumla okupheleleyo, ubuthongo obuhle.
4. Ukuhlanzeka komntu, izindlu ezihlambulukileyo.
5. Iinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo.
6. Isimo esihle esingqongileyo. Nangona i-ecology ayixhomekeke kumntu ngamnye, umntu makamele akhethe imimandla ecocekileyo yobomi.
7. Injongo kunye nenkqubo enobuchopho obunamandla. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, kwaziwa ukuba imeko ye-nervous system iboniswa ngqo kwimpilo yenyama.

Izinto ezonakalisa impilo

Ukucinga malunga nantoni yempilo, akuphelelanga ngaphandle kokuhlalutya kwento enempembelelo embi kwimeko yakhe. Ukuba ucinga ngeempawu ezinobungozi kwimpilo, kwaye uzama ukuziphepha, unokuphakamisa umgangatho wakho wokuphila kwaye uzive ungumntu onoyolo. Izinto ezenza ingozi kwimpilo zibandakanya:

1. Imikhwa emibi: ukusetyenziswa kotywala, ukutshaya utshaya, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
2. Ukutya okungalunganga. Ukunyuka kwesabelo se-carbohydrates kunye nemveliso elineefayili kwimenyu kunye nokwehla kwesabelo sezityalo kunye nemifuno kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ubunzima, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukungakwazi ukuvelisa i-vitamin kunye nokusilela emzimbeni wamaminerali.
3. Hypodinamy. Unyaka ngamnye kuncipha ukuhamba kwabantu, okukhokelela ekudakaleni kwemisebenzi yomzimba kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo.
4. Ukugxininisa kunye namava.

Ukukhuselwa kwempilo

Uluntu olusempilweni lunye lwezakhiwo zelizwe eliphumelelayo. Impilo yabemi ixanduva lokuthintela nokukhusela impilo yoluntu. Ukunyanga kwezempilo kuyinkqubo yamanyathelo ezopolitiko, ezentlalo, ezonyango, ezenkcubeko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezocwangco ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni imeko yezempilo yoluntu ngamnye kuluntu. Ezi nyathelo zijoliswe ekulondolozeni impilo, ukuphatha abantu kunye nokukhusela. Impilo yabantwana kunye nempilo yabasetyhini yimiba ephambili yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.