Zingaphi iiveki 2 zihlola ukukhulelwa?

Olu hlobo loviwo lokuxilonga, njengokuhlola, sele luseqalile ukuqala kumazwe aseSoviet. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendlela zayo eziphambili zokwenza uphando nophando, ngoku sele zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngoncedo lolu vavanyo, oogqirha balawula ukubeka amaqela obungozi ekuphuhliseni iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokwabo kuphela, kodwa nokuphuhliswa kwengane. Cinga ukuphonononga ngokubanzi kwaye ufumane iiveki ezininzi ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngowesi-2 olo uphando luqhutywa.

Xa kudla ukuhlolwa kwakhona nini?

Okokuqala, kufuneka kuthiwa ngethuba lokuqala umfazi ehamba nesifundo esinjalo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, iiveki ezi-12-13. Ngeli xesha, oogqirha balawula ukuphula umthetho ekuphuhlisweni kwezitho kunye neenkqubo. Ukuba sithetha malunga neyiphi iiveki ukuhlolwa kwe-2, ngoko ixesha elifanelekileyo liyi-16-20 iiveki. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunqunywe kwithuba leeveki ezili-17 ukuya kweye-19. Yiyo le migaqo ogqirha ababizayo xa bephendula umbuzo wabamama abalindeleyo ngeeveki kwixesha lokukhulelwa benza isicatshulwa sesibini.

Iyintoni injongo yale sifundo kwaye yintoni evumelekile ukuyibeka?

Ukuhlola i-screening ikuvumela ukuba uchonge phakathi kwabasetyhini abasengozini yokuphuhlisa i-chromosomal engavamile kwintsana yabo. Kule meko, loo nkqubo ihlala iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ibandakanya i-ultrasound, uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-biochemical. Ngethuba lophando lokugqibela abathile bamakishi amisiwe, phakathi kwabo: i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , i- estriol yamahhala, i- chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Kule nkalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kumayeza unokuva igama lesibini - uvavanyo oluphindwe kathathu.

Ukusungulwa kwengxube egazini lomfazi okhulelweyo wezinto ezibhalwe ngasentla kwenza kube lula ukuthetha ngethuba eliphezulu lokungena kwengozi yokwakhiwa kwezifo ezifana nalezi:

• I-Down's syndrome (igama lesibili yi-trisomy 21);
• I-Edwards 'syndrome (trisomy 18);
• iiphene ze-neural tube (intambo yomgogodla kunye ne-anencephaly ezamahala, ingqondo).

Kuthetha njani ukuchazwa kweziphumo?

Xa sisebenzisana nenani leiveki apho ukuhlolwa kwe-2 kwenziwa, siya kuchaza ukuba iziphumo zivavanywa njani.

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukutsho ukuba kuphela ugqirha onokwenza oku. Emva koko, ukutshintsha isalathisi esithile akukho ukuphulwa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa kubonisa kuphela amathuba okuphuhliswa kwayo.

Ngokomzekelo, ukwanda kwenkxalabo ye-hCG egazini lomama ozayo kungabonisa amathuba amakhulu okuphuhlisa i-chromosomal engafanelekanga kwintsana ezayo, inokwenzeka ye-gestosis. Ukuncipha kwinqanaba le hormone, njengomthetho, kubonisa ukuphulwa kophuhliso lwepentecenta.

Ukungafani phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-AFP kwi-serum yegazi lomama ozayo kuthathwa njengophawu lokuphula umthetho wenani lama-chromosomes, i-genome yengane ezayo. Izifo ezinokuthi ziphuhliswe kulo mzekelo zidweliswe ngasentla. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukunyuka okuthe kratya kwe-alpha-fetoprotein kunokudala ukufa komntwana.

Utshintsho kwi-concentration ye-estriol yamahhala isebenza njengesigxina sokuphazamisa umsebenzi we-fetoplacental system. Oku kuvumela kumanyathelo okuqala okuza kutyhola ukuphulwa okunjalo njenge-hypoxia yomntwana kwaye uphendule ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, amathuba okuphazamisa uphuhliso lwezakhiwo zobuchopho lukhulu.

Ngaloo ndlela, njengoko kunokubonwa kwinqaku, ukuphonononga kubhekisele kulezo zifundo ezingabonisa kuphela amathuba okuphuhlisa i-pathology ethile. Ngoko ke, rhoqo emva kokuvavanywa kweziphumo kunye nobukho bezinto zokusola, uvavanyo olongezelelweyo luyalelwe.