Abantu-albinos babonakala bembonakaliso, kodwa oku akuyona into ebalulekileyo. Ukungabikho kwe- melanin kwenza umzimba unobungozi obumngcipheko wokukhanya kwelanga kwaye ukhokelela kwiintlungu ezininzi. Awukwazi ukususa ingxaki, unokuthatha kuphela amanyathelo okuphucula imeko yakho.
Ngoobani ama-albinos?
Kukholelwa ukuba abameleli bentlalo babantu kufuneka bahlaziye imicu, isikhumba esiluhlaza kunye namehlo abomvu. Enyanisweni, i-albin kumntu ubonakalisa kwaye ingagqibekanga, ingabonakali kumntu ongaphandle. Umphathiswa walo mkhuba akanakwenzeka ukuba ahlale engazi, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ekudakaleni kwezempilo kunye nemfuneko yokuhlawula ngakumbi imeko yesikhumba.
Kwamazwe anomgangatho ophantsi wezemfundo, kukho ezininzi iinkolelo ezinxulumene nale nzeka. Amaphilisi aseTanzania abona i-albinos njengengozi kwabanye, ekhokelela ekugxothweni okanye ekumemezelweni kokuzingela. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, aba bantu baxhaswa ngamandla okuphilisa, ngoko bazama ukuzitholela isampuli esimhlophe okanye enye inxalenye yayo yokudala isidlo okanye ukutya.
Ngaba i-albin izuze ilifa?
Ngeke kwenzeke, ayifaki ukusasazwa ngamaconsi, ukuxilongwa kwegazi okanye ukudibana nomzimba. Abantu base-albino bayayifumana kubazali babo okanye ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwemfuza eyenzekayo ngeemfuno ezingaziwayo. Uhlobo oluthe gqolo lubekwe ngokusisigxina, xa i-gene ye-albinism ivela kwiinkwenkwezi. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba womntwana unqanda ukukhulula i-enzyme efunekayo.
I-albinism ilifa njani?
Ngelo xesha lokuzalwa, bonke sele bequlunqwe umbala wesikhumba, iinwele kunye namehlo. Imbopheleleko yale nto ilawulwa ngamagciwane amaninzi, naluphi na utshintsho kwinto enye ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhlanganiswa kwe-pigment. I-Albin izuze abantu njengento ephezulu okanye ephezulu. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukufumana impembelelo enjalo, ukudibanisa ezimbini zegesi eziphosakeleyo kuyimfuneko, kwimeko yesibini, ukubonakaliswa kuya kuzinza kwisizukulwana ngasinye. Ngako oko, abantwana base-albino ababonakali ukuba babone isibini, apho omnye wabazali wenza njengomphathi wecandelo lekhowudi ephukile.
Iimbangela ze-albinism
UMelanin unomthwalo wokubala umbala, okona mncinane, umbala ulula. Ukusilela okanye ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwe-pigment kuchazwa yi-albinism yesifo, esinokubonakalisa ukukhanya okungafaniyo. Imveliso ye-melanin ihambelana ne-tyrosinase, i-enzyme, okuqulethwe kuyo. Ukuba ingxubebo okanye umsebenzi ophantsi, i-melanin ayiyi kubonakala.
U-Albin - iimpawu
Kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwesi sifo. Kuya kuxhomekeka kubo, zeziphi iimpawu ze-albin ezivela kuluhlu ziya kubakho kumntu.
- ukubuthathaka okanye ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kwesikhumba, iinwele kunye nezipikili;
- ukuphulwa kwesifungo;
- ukukhawuleza, ukulibaziseka okanye ukukhula ngokunyanisekileyo kweenwele kwiindawo ezingabonakaliyo;
- iinqanawa eziphawulwe kakuhle kwi-iris;
- impendulo ebuhlungu ekukhanyeni.
Iintlobo ze-albinism
- Epheleleyo. Le yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu, kuba abantu abayi-10 ukuya kwiwaka lamawaka ngumnikazi omnye. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho i-1.5% yabathwali be-gene kunye ne-pigmentation evamile. Ubuninzi be-albinism kubantu, uphawu olugqithiseleyo, lubonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa. Ubonakaliswa ngokuguqulwa okupheleleyo kunye nekhumba elomileyo, amehlo ane-tinge ebomvu, iziphazamiso ezibonakalayo kunye nokuphendula okunamandla ekukhanyeni. Ulusu lushisa ilanga ngokukhawuleza, imilomo iyatshisa. Abantu-albinos baxhomekeke ekungabikho kolwazi , ukusulelwa rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha ukukhubazeka okuphuhliso kunye nokunyuka kwengqondo kubonakala.
- Ngagqibekanga. I-Albin isiguqu esiyifumana ifa. Kumsebenzi wakhe we-tyrosinase unciphisa, kodwa ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yayo ayivaliwe. Ngako oko, umbala wesikhumba, izipikili kunye neenwele zibuthathaka, amaxesha amaninzi ayasabela ngokubuhlungu xa ekhanya.
- Ekhethekileyo. Ukupapashwa ngelifa ngendlela efanayo nangaphambili. Kubonakaliswa ukuhlaziywa kweendawo ezithile zesikhumba kunye neenwele zezinwele, kwiindawo ezichaziweyo ziindawo ezincinci. Kubonakala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, uphuhliso kunye nobudala alufumani, akukho mphumo kwimpilo.
Indlela yokuphatha i-albinism?
Ukuzaliswa kwintlupheko ye-pigment akunakwenzeka, ukungeniswa kwayo ngaphandle akusebenzi. Ngoko ke, impendulo yombuzo kukuba i-albinism iyaphathwa, yinto engalunganga. Kodwa kukho ithuba lokulungisa iingxaki ezihamba nazo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo, ukulungisa ukuba basebenzise:
- iilazi kunye neelensi zokuqhagamshelana;
- Ukusebenza (kunye ne- strabismus ayifumanekanga impembelelo efunwayo).
I-Albinism - Iingcebiso zeCliniki
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukubonakala kukwanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa, emva koko ingcali inganika kuphela iingcebiso. Kodwa ubu-albinism kubantu abuphelelanga, ngoko ke iindlela ezizodwa zifunekayo ukuze kuhlolwe oluchanekileyo le meko.
- Vavanyo lweDNA. Unceda ukufundela iifolisi zeenwele kwaye ubonakalise ubukho be-tyrosinase.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmologist. Uvavanyo lwe-fundus, iris kunye nenkcazo ye-nystagmus.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi. Izifo ze-thrombocytes, kubantu abaninzi, i-albinos, inkqubo yegazi ye-coagulation ihluke kwizinto eziqhelekileyo.
Emva kokuqhuba uphando oluyimfuneko ugqirha wenza uluhlu lwamanyathelo okuya kunceda ekuphuculeni imeko. Ukongezelela ekuphatheni iingxaki ngombono, unokukwenza oku kulandelayo.
- Iilazi ezinomsila xa zingena kwisitrato okanye zembethe ngokusisigxina.
- I-Cream enezinga eliphezulu lokukhusela kwi-ray ye-UV yeendawo ezivulekileyo zomzimba.
- Izambatho kunye neengubo, ezigubungela ilanga. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba unobumba bendalo ukuze uphephe ukucaphuka kwesikhumba esibuhlungu.
- Ngohlobo oluthile, i-beta-carotene isinconywa ukuphucula umbala wesikhumba.
IAlbini - imiphumela
Ukungabikho kwe-tyrosinase, ngaphezu kwendlela esomeleleyo yamehlo ekukhanyeni kunye nobukhulu obuphezulu kwiimitha ze-UV, kunokukhokelela eku:
- Ukunciphisa okunzulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- astigmatism;
- i-strabismus;
- ukukhanya kwe-iris;
- intshukumo engabonakaliyo yamehlo.
Ubume bamehlo bufumaneka kuphela kumadoda, abafazi - kuphela abathwali. Amehlo e-albino, nangona hlobo lwesifo, ayibomvu. Bajonge nje kuphela kule zithombe ngenxa yefowuni ebonisa iimitha zegazi eziphawulwe kakuhle. Inxalenye yangaphambili ye-iris iquka i-collagen fibers, enemibala ye-ingress nokusabalalisa umbala. Ngomntu onempilo, umbala wamehlo uxhomekeke ekuxinineni kwendawo yawo kunye nokuxinwa kwe-melanin, i-albinism iphelisa indawo yesibili, ngoko ke le sifo, amehlo aya:
- luhlaza;
- luhlaza;
- grey;
- emnyama.
Zingaphi i-albinos?
Ukungabikho kwe-pigment ayikuchaphazeli kakhulu ixesha lokuphila, linokunciphisa izifo ezithintekayo. Ingqwalasela ngokukodwa kufuneka inikezwe kubanikazi befomu ngokupheleleyo, kodwa abanakuze babone ukungakhathaliseki ukuba iziphakamiso zegqirha ziyabonwa. Zingaphi iminyaka zihlala nge-albinos kunye nokubonakaliswa okukhethekileyo, kwakhona, akunakunqunywa, kuba abanakuzibona iimpawu zabo. Ngoko ke, ebusweni beenguqu zengqungquthela, umntu akafanele akhathazeke, abulali.