Unyaka wonke unokuthenga ii-eggplants ezintsha kwiimarike, ukulima kunye nokunyamekela kwi-greenhouse ukuze ezi zityalo zifundwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zingabonakali ubunzima kunye negadi yegadi. Iziqhamo zezi zityalo ezinoncoko ziye zithengeka kakhulu kwaye zingabizi ngokuza kwezinto ezintsha zokulungiselela igadi eziphantsi kweglasi.
Iimbumba ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo
Kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, i-microclimate yenziwe ngokungafaniyo nemeko yendalo yangaphandle. Ababelethi kufuneka baqaphele ngokukhawuleza iintlobo ezintsha ezinokukwazi ukuvelisa iziqhamo phantsi kwezulu elibonakalayo, ngokuqwalasela iziganeko eziqhambileyo ze-eggplants ezikhulayo kwi-greenhouse. Abalimi bemifuno abanolwazi bancoma ukuba bathenge iimbewu zityalo zakuqala neyokuqala, iintlobo ezincinci zokukhula kweSolceceae ezingafuneki inkcitho kunye nemikhosi yokugada ngexesha lokukhula.
Uhlobo lwe-Greenhouse lwe-eggplant:
- Balagur
- Bagheera
- Sophia
- Ummangaliso wePopple F1
- I-Nutcracker F1
- Fabin F1
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwezityalo ze-carp kunye nesivuno yi-Balagur. Ngesityalo esisodwa seqanda, ngexesha lokuvuna, ukuya kwi-100 eziqhenqileyo iziqhamo ezigqithiseleyo zombala we-lilac kunye nekhanda elincinci kunye nenyama ecolileyo iqokelelwa. Izihlahla azitshalanga ngaphezu kwe-1.5 metres, ezichasene nezifo zefungal.
Ukuba ufuna iimpawu ezikhawulezayo, iBagheera ifanelekile ngoku oku. Ukususela kwimbewu yakhe, i-compact ne-high-yield-eggplants ezikhulayo zikhula, ukukhula kunye nokushiya kwindawo yokugcina izityalo kuya kuba yingxaki. Iibhasi ezincinci zingatyaliswa ngempumelelo kwizikhuni ezihlukeneyo kunye nomxube wezondlo. Iintyatyambo zivuthwa kwiBagheera ezicwebezelayo, ezikhangayo, ezimnyama.
Olu hlobo luya kuhambelana nomnikazi wendawo encinane yokugcina indlu. Kuyinto yokuvuthwa emva kwexesha, kodwa iguqulela kakuhle nakwiyiphi na imeko. Umbala weziqhamo unomnyama kunye ne-violet, inyama yemifuno ayikrakra, ifomu ye-aubergine yinto ephambili. Ukungabi naluhlu lwezinto ezahlukeneyo - ufuna ukuphalaza kwizifo kunye nobugcisa obuhle bezobuchwepheshe.
I-Hybrid ifanelekileyo kwintsimi, kodwa phantsi kweglasi inikeza isivuno esihle ngakumbi. Ummangaliso omfusa unqabile kwisifungulu, isiqulunga sesisu , sinika iziqhamo zokuqala ezilingana nama-135 g. Amaqabunga ehlathini anoluhlobo lwama-cylindrical;
Le hybridi yi-eggplant eyenziwe ngokukhethekileyo ekukhuleni nasekunyamekeleni kwi-greenhouse. Isivuno se-Nutcracker sinomdla - i-19.5 kg nganye imitha yendawo evulekileyo. Izithelo zivuthwe ngaphantsi kwe-250-350 g, zifakwe kwiintsike zakudala, emva kweentsuku ezili-100 unokuqokelela imifuno evuthiweyo. Inkobe yesiqhamo iyaqatha, kodwa igcinwe kakuhle.
I-Hybrid ifanelekile kubafundi bee-eggplants ezitshintshisayo eziphezulu, ezinobumnandi be-mushroom. Ubungakanani bezityalo zincinci, zibomvu ezimnyama, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni. Kwi-spider mite, eli siqande seqanda alixhatshali, i-verticillosis kunye nezinye iifungi eziyingozi azifanekanga.
Ukutshala i-arborine kwindawo yokuthambisa
Ukucwangcisa ukutyala kwesityalo esithandayo ukushisa ukushisa kulungiselelwe ngaphambi kwexesha. Kwiibhedi kufuneka uhlambulule ukhula, iziqu ezomileyo, iimfucuza. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukumanzisa umhlaba ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo ngeendlela ezininzi, ukwenzela ukuba iifomeral fertilizers ezisele zihlambuluke. Kwimeko, indlela yokutshala ama-eggplants kwi-greenhouse, awukwazi ukuwuyeka ukutshayeka komhlaba. Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bomhlaba ngamanzi abilayo kufanelekileyo, ukutshintsha indawo ephezulu isetyenziselwa uhla lwama-20-25 cm kunye nomhlaba omtsha. Unokwenza i-lime (100 g nganye kwi-1 imitha yendawo ye-greenhouse land) okanye uhlalutye iibhedi ngesisombululo se-formalin 40% (25 ml nge-1 litre yamanzi).
Nini ukutshala i-arubergines kwindawo yokutshisa?
Kwikamelo elingenakushisa kufuneka ubale ixesha lokuqala lokutsalwa kweqanda. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba ngexesha lokulima izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngaphakathi aliphantsi kwe-18 ° C, kwaye umhlaba-15 ° C. Ngommandla ngamnye weenkomfa, ukuqala kwithuba lomsebenzi kunye neentlobo kungahluka, ngasentla kusekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kwaye kwimimandla esezantsi omnye unokuqala ukutyala ukususela ngo-Ephreli. Kwi-greenhouse evuthayo, ukunyamekela izityalo kulula. Apha, abanini abanamava abawazi kakuhle kakuhle indlela yokutshala ama-eggplants kwi-greenhouse, ibeka ixesha lokutyala izithombo ngokwawo ngokweemeko zemarike.
Kuphi umgama apho isitshalo seqanda esityalwe kwi-greenhouse?
Ukulima kunye nokunyamekelwa kwezithombo kufakwe kwiipateni ezahlukileyo ezizaliswe ngumxube wezondlo. Ukutshala kwiindawo zokugcina izithombo kubakho kwiimingxube ezilungiselelwe malunga no-20 cm ukujula. Ukujulisa kwezityalo xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho wangaphambili womhlaba kuncinci-ukuya kwi-1 cm.Izihlahla zeso sityalo zinemibala, ngoko ke umgama phakathi kwamaqabunga kwi-greenhouse unokumelana no-40-45 cm. - 60-65 cm. Ulungelelwano oluchanekileyo, uya kufumana ama-5 angaphantsi kwe-1 sq.
Yintoni ekutsaleni ama-eggplants kwi-greenhouse?
Ukuhambelana kwama-arubini kwi-greenhouse yinto ebalulekileyo, kungekhona kuzo zonke iintlobo zeenkcubeko ezihamba kakuhle. Abamelwane abasamkelekileyo ngabo batamatisi. Ukuba iitamatato unemihlathi ende , uze uceba ukutshala ukuze bangaphonsa "eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" njengesithunzi esinamandla, ngaphandle koko akuyi kuba nesivuno esihle sezithelo. Iikhukhamba zifuna iqondo elingafaniyo lokunyameka, ngoko ke ukunyamekela nokuzikhuphula nge-eggplant ayicebisi. Unokutyalela isaphetha kwi-greenhouse, amahlumela aluhlaza angaphazamisi nightshade.
Ukhathalelo lwe-eggplant kwi-greenhouse
Awunakufumana isivuno esiphezulu kunye esihle kakhulu ngaphandle komsebenzi wokukhusela. Ukuxazulula ingxaki, indlela yokukhulisa ii-eggplant kwi-greenhouse, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngaphandle kokuba uphathwe unyango lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukulawulwa kokhula kunye neentlanzi, izityalo zakho ezilungele kakuhle ziza kugubungela ngokukhawuleza kunye nama-parasites kwaye zimele, zichaphazeleke ngentsholongwane engenangqondo.
Amanyathelo okukhusela ekukhuleni ama-arubergines:
- Ukunyanga kweMbewu kwi manganese okanye i-hydrogen peroxide.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaba emva kokutyala kunyaka ophelileyo.
- Ulawulo lokushisa kunye nomswakama.
- Sebenzisa ekunyamekeleni iimveliso zeekhemikhali kunye ne-biological xa isifo okanye inkathazo kwenzeka.
- Ulawulo lokhula.
Isitshalo seqanda kwi-greenhouse - umhlaba
Umxube womhlaba kwesi sityalo ulungiselelwe kwizinto ezikhoyo. Kwimeko, indlela yokukhulisa ii-eggplants kwi-greenhouse, malunga ne-10% yomhlaba we-turf isetyenzisiweyo, i-peat 60%, i-humus 20%, isanti ehlwayelweyo okanye i-sawdust 5%. Ukuzalisa umxube wezondlo kunye nezichumisi kwandisa isivuno ngokugqithiseleyo ngenkathalo kunye neenkcubeko zentlonelo. Ngomhla wokuhlwaya komhlaba, umbhede ugcwele umxube wamaminerali ancedo. Ku-1 sq. M yomhlaba unikela kwiiglasi ezi-2 ze-ash ash kunye ne-spoonful ye-fertilizer elandelayo: i- saltpeter , i- superphosphate kunye ne- potassium sulfate .
Indlela yokwenza iibergergini kwi-greenhouse?
Ukuba izityalo zikhululeka ngokukhululekile emhlabathini, ngoko isiqhamo siphula ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka ukhethe enye yeentlobo zeentlobo okanye iigarta zezityalo kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo:
- Ukwenza isitshalo seqanda kwi-greenhouse ngendlela endala usebenzisa iziqu, xa iqela le-4 nightshade lihlwaywe ngekwere kwaye libophelelwe kwinkxaso-mbindi.
- Indlela yesibini yokunyamekela kukukhula isityalo kwindawo enye kunye nokususwa rhoqo kwezihlumela ezisecaleni.
- Indlela yesithathu efanelekileyo yokwenza i-shaping ukushiya amagatsha amabini okanye amathathu anamandla kwi-eggplant emva kokuyibamba kwaye uyibophe kwi-trellis.
Ukutsalwa kwe-eggplant yokugqoka kwi-greenhouse
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali kuphazamisa kwaye kubangela ukutyhefuza nge-nitrate, kodwa isistim sabo esifanelekileyo sikhuthaza ukukhula kwe-solanaceae. Ukunyuka kwamaqanda e-greenhouse kudinga ezintathu okanye ezinhlanu ezongezelelweyo. Eyokuqala iqhutyelwa iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokutyala imbewu. Ngaphambi kokuvelisa, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i- azofosca ( iipunipoli eziyi- 3 kwibhakethi nganye), imixube eyinkimbinkimbi ye "Kemir jikelele" okanye "iRastvorin". Xa isiqhamo sibonakala, i-mullein isetyenziselwa uhlobo lokumnika (ukuxubusha 1:10) okanye utywala olutyiweyo kumkhula kunye nemvubelo.
Ukunkcenkceshela kwama-arubini kwi-greenhouse
Ezi zityalo ziyakuthanda ukutsalwa kokutyilisa okuninzi okumanzi, xa umhlaba uhlala umanzi, kwaye emoyeni ipesenti encinci yomswakama. Kwinkqubo, indlela yokunyamekela ama-arubergini kwindawo yokutshisa, kufuneka uzame ukuletha amanzi kusasa. I-microclimate emihle inceda ukugcina i-mulch kwiinaliti okanye kwi-agrofibers kunye nokuthungatha ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukunisela kokuqala kuqhutyelwa iintsuku ezintlanu emva kokutyala. Kucebise ukucwina umhlaba kumanzi angama-15 cm ngaphandle kokutshiza amaqabunga.