Abalimi abaninzi baye bazama le ndlela yokukhupha iikomkom. Abo baphumelele okokuqala, baphinda le ndlela rhoqo ngonyaka, kwaye abahloli abaphumeleleyo abangaphantsi bayeke lo msebenzi. Ukuze ukhule ukhukhamba okokuqala, kufuneka ukwazi imithetho embalwa.
Imbewu yekhukhamba kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo
Ukuhlakulela iikomkom kwi-greenhouse kuqala ngokutsalwa kwembewu kunye nokulungiselela izityalo. Ukuba unefrimu yokubamba ifilimu, unako ukukhulisa izithombo kwifestile yendlu. Ngethuba lokusukela ngo-Ephreli ngowama-2 ukuya ku-25, kuyimfuneko ukuhlwayela imbewu, ngoko kwisiqingatha sokuqala seMeyi kuya kunokwenzeka ukuyeka yonke into emhlabathini.
Ukuze i-greenhouse eyenziwe ye-polycarbonate yeselula, imbewu yekhukhamba ayilunganga ngaphambili. Ziyakhula ngokukhawuleza kwindawo kwindawo encinci. Hlanyela imbewu ngokukhethekileyo kwi-20 ka-Ephreli, ngoko-ke phakathi koMeyi ungalungiselela ukhukhamba kuwo wonke ummandla we-greenhouse.
IThekhnoloji yokukhupha iikomkom kuluhlaza
Ngaphambi kokutyala iikomkom kwi-greenhouse, kufuneka ilungiswe. Ukusuka ekwindla okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlalutye i-greenhouse ngesisombululo esisodwa. Kwi-10 ilitha amanzi ahlalutye ithebhulethi yesilwanyana "i-Tenta-virus", kukho ezinye iipilisi ezimbini ze-oxychrome. Kuzo zonke iikhilomitha ezingama-20, zonke iilitha ezili-10 ziyagqitywa.
Ukulima kweekomkom kwi-greenhouse kuqala ngokulungiselela umhlaba. Ezi zilandelayo izithako mazixutywe kakuhle:
- enye inxalenye ye-peat, humus, sawdust kunye ne-turf;
- 6 izingxenye zepeat + 2 izingxenye ze-humus + izingxenye ezi-2 ze-sawdust;
- Iingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba we-sod + izingxenye ezi-3 ze-humus + izingxenye ezi-3 ze-peat + 1 inxalenye ye-sawdust.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inkqubo yenkompo ibuthakathaka, ngoko ke iyancipha kakhulu kumgangatho womhlaba. Yingakho ngaphandle kwesichumiso somgangatho, ingadi yakho ayiyi kuvelisa isityalo.
Musa ukulibala malunga nezichumisi zamaminerali: 15 amagremu e-ammonium nitrate, malunga ne-25 g ye-ammonium sulphate, 20-30 g ye-superphosphates, 20 g ye-potassium chloride. Zonke zibalwe kummandla we-1 sq.m.
Inqaku elifunekayo lokunyamekela iikomkom kwi-greenhouse yisoloko ilawulwa ngumswakama. Xa umswakama womhlaba uncitshiswa ukuya kwi-10%, iikomkom ziyeke ukukhula konke. Ubuncwane obuphezulu kakhulu bunokuqwalaselwa ngo-90% emoyeni, kunye nama-95% ngomhlaba. Ngelo xesha, ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo komhlaba akukwazi ukunyamezela. Ukuba ukwenza ngokunyanisekileyo, kuya kubangela ukungabi nomoya. Ngenxa yoko, ingcambu yenkqubo iyanciphisa ukukhula nokuphuhlisa kwayo, kwaye iyakwazi ukufa ngokupheleleyo.
Iikhukhamba ebusini busika busika zikhulile kwiishelulo, zingancinci kumyinge womhlaba. Ngako oko, izityalo zikhawuleza zifumana umda wokuphuhlisa, kuba zisebenzisa ubutyebi kunye nezondlo. Qinisekisa ukuba ubeka iliso kumswakama womhlaba: phambi kokunisela ukutshiza amaxesha ama-2-3, konke kuxhomekeke kukuma komhlaba. Musa ukulibala malunga nomswakama. Ukwenza oku, iipayipi ze-moisten, izitena, imihlaba yomhlaba: konke oku kudala ukukhuphuka kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwamakhukhamba.
Iifukisi kwiikomkom e-greenhouse
I-whitefly (i-aphids) inonakalisa amaqabunga esi sityalo, isondeza ijusi ngaphandle kwayo. Ukongezelela, ukhetho olucebile lunokuvusa
Imilinganiselo yokuqala ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni le ngxaki kukutshabalalisa bonke ukhula. Zonke iifestile kunye neengcango kufuneka zifakwe ngejiza. Unokwenza izibamba zeglue. Uluhlu lwepeyinti ephuzi okanye obomhlophe isetyenziswe kwisiqwenga seplywood. Umhlaba utyongwe nge-petroleum jelly, i-rosin kunye nobusi, ioli ye-castor: xa inambuzane ihleli kwindawo ekhangayo, ibambelele phezulu.
Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, uchithe izityalo ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo, uhlawule ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwizantsi leqabunga.