Iiseli zegazi ziveliswa ngumongo wethambo kwaye zahlula ngamaqela amathathu-i-erythrocytes, i-leukocytes kunye neeplatelet. Ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, le ndlela ingaphazamiseka, nto leyo eyenza i-aplastic anemia, apho zonke izigaba ezintathu zegazi ziyeke ukuveliswa okanye ziveliswe ngokwaneleyo.
I-aplastic anemia - izizathu
Ngokuqhelekileyo isifo sivela ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, kwiimeko ezinjalo kuthiwa idiopathic.
Kwezinye iimeko, iziganeko ezivusa i-pathology yomnatha wethambo zilandelayo:
- irradiation kunye nezinto ezinokutsha;
- ukungena kweexinki ezinkulu kumzimba weesxibisi (isalath of metals heavy, arsenic);
- ukuzalwa;
- ukuguquka kwemfuyo;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukuthatha imithi ethile (i-cytostatics, i-analgesics, iziyobisi ezingekho-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
- izifo ezihamba ngokuzenzekelayo ( isifo sikaSjogren ).
I-aplastic anemia - iimpawu
Imiqondiso yesifo ixesha elide okanye angabonakali, okanye ayibonakali ukuba ayibangeli isizathu sokubiza udokotela.
Iimpawu ziyakwenzeka ngokungafaneki kwaye aziyi kuhlala ixesha elide ngokunyuka ngokukodwa kokuphindaphinda nokunyuka kwesimo somguli. Njengomthetho, zibonakaliswe ngokunqongophala kwegazi:
- buthathaka;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
- ukuphuma kumagums, impumlo;
- ntliziyo;
- ii-hematomas ezincinci, ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane ;
- ukuxhomekeka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo;
- intloko kunye nesisu.
I-aplastic anemia - ukuxilongwa
Unokwenza kuphela ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngesiseko seziphumo zoviwo lwemarrow. I-specimen yakhe ifumaneka nge-trepanobiopsy okanye i-biopsy. Ngethuba lokufunda izicubu, kunqunywe ukuba ukubunjwa kweeseli zegazi kungeneli okanye nokuba kukho ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoko kwimizimba yamhlophe yegazi, iplatelet kunye ne-erythrocyte.
Ukongezelela, i-aplastic anemia iquka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuzimisela komxholo kwi-biological fluid yamacandelo amathathu.
I-aplastic anemia - prognosis
Ngaphandle kolwaphulo olufanelekileyo ngexesha, ngokukodwa xa isifo sifana nesimo esibi, ukuhlaselwa kwesigxina akunakulungeleka - izigulane ziyafa zingaphantsi kweenyanga (3-5).
Xa ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo, i-aplastic anemia ibuyele: i-80% yezigulane zifumana uphuculo kunye nokubuyela kwimpilo evamile.
I-aplastic anemia - unyango
Ulwaphulo lwezonyango lwe-pathology luquka ukulawula kwexesha elide leziyobisi ezingenayo i-immunosuppressive (antimotsitarnogo okanye antilymfotsitarnogo globulin) kunye ne-cyclosporins. Ukuze ugweme imiphumo emibi yee-agents, i-hormone ye-steroid yongezwa ngokwengeziwe (ngokuqhelekileyo i-methylprednisolone).
Ukongezelela, ngexesha lokunyanga, kuyimfuneko ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuhambisa igazi ukubuyisela ukwakheka kwayo okuqhelekileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto zokukhula (i-granulocytes-stimulating factors) ezikhuthaza
Ukuthintela izifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nezifungulu ezonakalisa i-anemia, prophylaxis kunye ne-antibiotics kunye nama-fluconazole amalungiselelo.
Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokunyanga isigulo isifo somnxeba wokutshintshwa komncedisi onempilo, ngokukhethekileyo isihlobo esivumelanayo, umzekelo, umzalwana okanye udade. Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo kusebenza ngokusemandleni xa isigulane siselula kwaye asinaso sisifo esikude. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umzimba uyalahla umongo we-bone, nangona unyango lwe-immunomodulating.