I-Ischemia yengqondo yengane inesifo sengqondo esinobudlelwane obungenalutho oksijini. Ukunyanzela okanye ukucinywa kweenqanawa ezincinci kukuchaphazela ukujikeleza kwegazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi izizathu, unyango olungalindelekanga lukhokelela kwimiphumo ebuhlungu.
I-cerebral ischemia kwiintsana - yintoni na?
Ukufika kuma-85% kuwo onke amacala e-ischemia kubhalwa ngexesha lokubeletha. Ngexesha elifanayo malunga ne-70% yazo zonke izifo zentsholongwane zenzeka nakwizinga lokuphuhlisa i-intrauterine. I-encephalopathy ye-Ischemic idibaniswa kunye nokwakhiwa kwegazi elikhethiweyo kwisitya esondla ingqondo, okanye ngokuphuhliswa okwaneleyo kwesitya ngokwalo. Ngokusoloko isifo sibhaliswa kubantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kokuba ixesha elimiselweyo, lingaphumi .
Ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle, ubuchopho buba ne-oxygen. Endaweni apho kukho ukungabi nakwi-lack of pronouns, kukho indawo ye-tischemia-i-tissue. Ukungabikho kolondolozo olufanelekileyo lwezonyango kumaziko okuqala kukhokelela ekunyuseni kwimizimba yezicubu ezichaphazelekayo, kwandisa umngcipheko wokugaya isisu kwindawo yengqondo.
I-Ischemia yengqondo - ibangela
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cerebral ischemia kwiintsana ziza kubakho nakwiiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuyihlakulela kwinkqubo yokuzalwa. Phakathi kwezizathu eziphambili zokuphuhliswa koogqirha bezilwanyana bahlule oku kulandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yeplacental okanye ukujikeleza kwegazi okungahambi kakuhle kuyo;
- ukukhonkxa kwintambo yomthambo ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-fetus kunye nendlela yokudala;
- ukuphulwa komjikelezo wegazi kwipilus;
- iziphene zesimo senhliziyo;
- i-hypoxia yangaphakathi ;
- ukungenakwanela kweplantal;
- evulekileyo yokuhamba.
Ukuqumbisa ischemia izinto ezinxulumene nokukhulelwa ziyakwazi:
- i-toxicosis ngasemva kwexesha;
- ukukhulelwa okubanzi ;
- kunqongophala kwamanzi;
- kokuqala.
I-cerebral ischemia - degrees
Into ebonakalayo ye-pathology iyisifo sokufumanisa okokuqala-isifo sifumaneka emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa komntwana. I-ischemia yengqondo kwintsana ichanekile ngokuphambuka kwempawu ekuhloleni iingcamango. Isiphumo sovavanyo lwegazi sibonisa ukwanda kwe-carbon dioxide, ukuphelelisa oksijini okwaneleyo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimifanekiso yeklinikhi kunye neempawu eziphawuliweyo, i-cerebral ischemia yentsana izalwa iyahlula kwi-3 degrees.
Ischemia yengqondo ye-1 degree kwiintsana
Ukukhanya kwe-cikrasiki okanye i-cerebral ischaemia ye-degree ye-1 ibonakaliswe ngobungqina bempawu ezinobulwelwe. I-Symptomatic ikhona kwiintsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-5, emva koko ukupheliswa kwayo kubanzi. Ngogqirha obulula lula oogqirha:
- unomdla okanye okanye, ngokuchasene noko, uxinzelelo lwengane entsha;
- itysile yehla yehla;
- ukuqiniswa kweeteklex.
Kwinqanaba elithile lokukhubazeka, ukuba akunakunzima nayiphi na into, oogqirha basebenzisa amaqhinga alindelekileyo. Ukuzalwa kwintsana, kukhankanywe ukuqwalasela okuqilileyo, ukuhlolwa kweempawu zee-reflex zenziwa rhoqo, imeko epheleleyo yengane ihlolwa. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-5, le ntshoksi yeempahla ze-cerebral kwiintsana ezitsha ziyabhubha, ukuqhubela phambili kwe-pathology kunye neyeza elinokoqobo akunakwenzeka.
I-Ischemia yengqondo kwiintsana ezingama-2
I-cerebral ischemia yebanga lesi-2 kwiintsana zizalwayo ngenxa yeengxaki ezinzima ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Kulo hlobo lokukhubazeka, oogqirha babhala ezi zilandelayo:
- i-apnea (ukuyeka ukuphefumula ephupheni);
- kuncipha kwizinto ezicatshulwayo - ukuqonda kunye nokutshuza i-reflexes kuphulwa;
- ithoni ebuthathaka;
- ukulahlekelwa ngexesha lokukhumbula;
- ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano;
- ukwanda kwindleko yentloko ngenxa yokuqokelela umbane kuwo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-cerebral ischemia kwiintsana ibonakalisa ngosuku lokuqala lobomi, iimpawu ezikude zesifo zingenzeka emva kweveki ezi-2-4. Eli xesha liphela lonyana lihlolwe ngokugqithiseleyo ngogqirha, kwikhosi yonyango ekhethekileyo iqhutyelwa. Kwezinye iimeko, phambi kwembonakaliso, ukungenelela ekusebenziseni ukususa i-clot yegazi, ubuyisele ubuchule bentsimbi yesitya inokumiselwa.
I-Ischemia yengqondo yengqondo yesithathu kwiintsana
Le fom ye-pathology ine-symptomatology ephawulekayo, ngoko i-cerebral ischaemia yebanga lesi-3 kwiintsana ezitsha sele sele ichongiwe kwiminithi emihlanu yobomi. Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili zokuphulwa kufuneka kube:
- ukugqibelela ukungabikho kweengcamango;
- uphuhliso lwe-coma;
- intliziyo yeengxaki zesifo;
- ukwanda okrakra kwexinzelelo lwegazi;
- ukuphulwa kwenkqubo yokuphefumla.
Kwinqanaba elithile lendawo yesifo, i-air venture ifunwa rhoqo. Intsha iya kutshintshwa kwiyunithi yonyango enzulu, apho ihlala ihlolwe khona. Unyango oluchanekileyo nolulungileyo luyakunceda ukuphepha iziphumo ezinzulu zesifo, ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kweengxaki, ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi ye-cerebral ischemia kwintsana.
Iimpawu ze-cerebral ischemia kwiintsana
Izibonakaliso ezicacileyo zesifo zenza kube lula ukuyichonga kwinqanaba lokuqala. I-cerebral ischemia kubantwana ihamba nekliniki ecacileyo. Phakathi kweempawu ukuba umama osemncinci makabekele ingqalelo kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuzalwa komntwana, kubalulekile ukuhlula oku kulandelayo:
- umntwana unomdla ngokukhawuleza, ehlala ekhala ngenxa yesizathu esicacileyo;
- ubuthongo obuthathaka bentsana, ukuphosa ephupheni;
- ukubonakala kwezandla neenyawo;
- kuncipha umsebenzi weemoto;
- ukwanda kwemithombo;
- umthunzi weemabula wesikhumba;
- ukuxubha, ukuxubha kwentloko kunye nemilenze;
- ukuphazanyiswa kwendlela yokuxhamla isisu: ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, ukuqhaqha, ukuhanjiswa.
Ischemia yengqondo kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa - unyango
Ngaphambi kokunyanga i-cerebral ischemia kwiintsana, oogqirha baqhuba izifundo ezininzi ukuze bazise isizathu sokugula. Ukupheliswa kwezinto ezibangele ukuphazamiseka, akubandakanyi ukuphuhliswa kokuphindaphinda. Injongo yenkqubo yokwelapha ne-ischemia kukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi ngokuqhelekileyo nokuphelisa imiphumo. Kule meko, i-1 degree ye sifo kaninzi ayifuni unyango lwezonyango - oogqirha banqunyelwe ukutyunjwa kwe-massage.
I-Iskemia yengqondo kwintsana engama-2 ne-3 idinga ukuba kusetyenziswe amayeza. Kwezinye iimeko, xa imbangela yokuphazamiseka kwimijikelezo yentsholongwane kubakho kwimiba yegazi kwi-lumen yesitya, ukungenelela ngophakathiso kungenziwa. Umsebenzi uquka ukubuyiswa ngokupheleleyo kwegazi. Ukungabandakanyi imiphumo ye-cerebral ischemia, ixesha elide lokunyanga okubuyisela umyalelo kumntwana.
I-Ischemia yengqondo - unyango, iziyobisi
Ngokuxhomekeka kwi-cerebral ischemia yomntwana, unyango lukhethwe ngabanye. Ulwaphulo lwezonyango lwezinsana ezinalolu hlobo luquka ukusetyenziswa kwamaqela alandelayo mayeza:
- izidakamizwa ze-vasodilator-kunceda ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukuphucula i-oksijini enikezelwa kwingqondo;
- i-nootropics - buyisela umsebenzi wengqondo;
- i-diuretics - ingabandakanyi ukuphuhliswa kwe-edema, ukuthintela ukuqokelela kobutyebi kwindawo yengqondo.
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zala maqela eziyobisi, eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa:
- Ceraxon;
- Pentoxifylline;
- Piracetam;
- Actovegin.
Ukufumba nge-cerebral ischemia kwiintsana
Njengoko kuchazwe ngentla, i-cerebral ischemia kubantwana ihlala ihamba kunye nokuhla kweetoni. Oku kufuna iinkqubo ezithile ze-physiotherapeutic, phakathi kwazo indawo ekhethekileyo ihlala yimizimba yezokwelapha. Ngethuba le nkqubo, ngokukhangela ngokulula kunye nokungabonakali kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba, kukho ukunyuka kwamandla emisipha. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-reflexes engabikho ibuyiselwe, umqhubi wemoto ubuyela kwisiqhelo.
I-Ischemia yengqondo kwimiphumo entsha
Ukuqaliswa kwonyango ngokukhawuleza kunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki. I-pathology ye-degree ye-1 idlula ngokudlula ngaphandle komkhondo wenyama encinci. Ukuba kukho ukuphulwa okuphawulwe, i-degrees 2 zesi sifo, abazali bangarekhoda imiphumo ethile ye-cerebral ischemia kwiintsana, phakathi kwabo:
- intloko kumntwana;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukucaphuka;
- ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwemoto.
Ukubiza imiphumo ye-cerebral ischemia kubantwana besigangatho sesithathu, oogqirha bathi:
- Ukukhubazeka kweCerebral ;
- ingxaki yokukhathazeka ;
- ukunciphisa ubuchule beengqondo.