I-Myasthenia gravis yenye yezo zifo ezikhohlakeleyo, ezichaphazeleka kakhulu ngabantu abaselula. Ngokwamazwi ukusuka kwisiGrike esi sihloko sichazwa ngokuthi "ukungabi namandla kwemisipha", echaza ngokucacileyo uphawu oluphambili. Ngokwemvelo, asinakuthetha ngobuthathaka obuqhelekileyo, obuya kuba namava emva kokuzikhandla. Nanku umbuzo unzima kakhulu - ukukhathala kwesifo se-squelettic muscle, ikakhulu intloko nentamo.
Izixhobo kunye neNyaniso
Ngesihlandlo sokuqala isifo se-myasthenia gravis sichazwa kwingqolowa ye-17 leminyaka, kwaye ngenkulungwane ye-19 ithola igama elisemthethweni. Ukunyanga okwaneleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kusetyenziswe phakathi kwekhulu lama-20, ngokuphucula rhoqo iziyobisi.
I-Myasthenia ihlelwa njengezifo ezizimeleyo zezifo, oko kukuthi, apho umzimba womntu uqala ukuveliswa kwemithwalo yamagciwane okubhekiselele kwiiseli kunye nezicubu ezinempilo kunye nokuphuhliswa kweempendulo ezivuthayo.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye neempawu ze-myasthenia gravis kukho abafazi, kwaye eso sifo siqala ukuzibonakalisa esincinane, ukususela kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwe-40. Kukho neemeko zentsholongwane ye-myasthenia gravis, enokuthi ibe yindlalifa. Esi sifo sinqabile kakhulu, malunga ne-0.01% yabemi, kodwa oogqirha babona umendo kwiimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo.
Izizathu eziyaziwayo kunye neendlela zokuphuhlisa i-myasthenia gravis
Inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwe-myasthenia isekelwe kukuphulaphula okanye ukuvalela ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi weengxoxo ze-neuromuscular. Oku kwenzeka phantsi kweempembelelo zamanqindi, eziveliswa ngumzimba wokuzivikela (ukuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo). Ngokuqhelekileyo, indima enkulu kule nkqubo idlala i- thymus gland -ilungu le-immune system, apho i-tumor isifo esiyingozi. Ngendlela yokuzalwa yesifo, oogqirha babiza iinjongo eziphambili zokuguqula izidalwa zeprotheni, ezithatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekwakheni uxhumano lwe-neuromuscular.
Oogqirha bachaza izinto ezinokubangela ukuba kube nzima ukuhamba kwesi sifo:
- uxinzelelo olunzima ;
- rhoqo ukuphefumula kwintsholongwane kunye nezinye iibanda;
- ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu esibukhali (amazwe ashushu);
- amalungiselelo amayeza (ezinye antibiotics, beta-blockers, njl.).
Impawu zonyango
I-Myasthenia gravis ibonakalisa kwiimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezidibeneyo kwiifom ezininzi:
- Iliso. Kwakhona kaninzi isigaba sokuqala sesi sifo. Kubonakaliswa ngokunciphisa (ptosis) yeentloko zelifu (okanye enye), i-strabismus, kunye nombono ombini emehlweni, onokubonwa kokubili kwiiplani ezicwangcisekileyo kunye nezingqamle. Iimpawu zihlala ziguquguqukayo - oko kukuthi, ziyatshintsha yonke imini - zibuthathaka kusasa okanye zingekho, kwaye zibi kakhulu ngokuhlwa.
- Bulbarnaya. Apha, izihlunu zobuso kunye ne-larynx zithinteka okokuqala, ngenxa yoko isigulane sinomsindo womlomo, ubuso buso buso bubonakala bunzima, kwaye iziganeko ezibonakalayo zibuhlungu. Kwakhona, imisebenzi yokugwinya nokuhlafuna ingaphazamiseka, kanye phakathi kwesidlo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kokuphumla, imisebenzi ibuyiselwa.
- Ubuthathaka kwimisipha yemilenze nentamo. Izigulane azikwazi
banokubamba intloko yabo, inkohlakalo iphukile, kunzima ukuphakamisa izandla okanye ukunyuka esihlalweni. Kule meko, nokuba umthwalo omncinci womzimba ukwandisa ukubonakalisa kwesi sifo.
I-Myasthenia gravis ingazibonakalisa zombini kwifom yangaphakathi kunye nolawulo olubanzi, oluthathwa njengolukhuni ngakumbi, kuba lungawuthintela imisebenzi yenkqubo yokuphefumula. Isifo sinomgangatho oqhubekayo, ngokubonakala kwimihlaba ye-myasthenic edeleyo, ukungadluli ekuphumleni, kunye neengxaki ze-myasthenic, ezingakhokelela ekufeni. Ngoko ke, ukuba unayo impawu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha.