Isifo sofuba sisifo esixhaphakileyo esisodwa emhlabeni wonke, esinokubangela ukufa. Ukuphendula umbuzo, i-phthisiatrician - ukuba ngubani, kufuneka inike inkcazo ecacileyo yale ngcali. Uyingcali kwi-diagnostic, inqanda nokunyangwa kwesifo sofuba.
I-phthisiatrician - ngubani na ophilisa?
I-Phthisiology iqhuba uphando, inqanda nokunyangwa kwezifo zesifo sofuba. Ngenxa yokuba lesi sifo asichaphazeli kuphela inkqubo yokuphefumula, kodwa kunye nezinye izitho zangaphakathi, kubalulekile ukuchonga isifo sofuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye uphonsa yonke imikhosi ekulwa nesifo. Ukuba sicinga ngokungakumbi malunga naluphi uhlobo logqirha we-phthisiatrician, ngoko kufuneka sijolise kwizitho ezichaphazelekayo, eziphathwe yilo ngcali.
Uphi unyango lwe-TB?
Umbuzo, ugqirha we-phthisiatrici - ngubani na unyango lwawo amalungu achaphazelekayo, kufuna ukucatshungulwa ngokubanzi. Isifo sesifo sofuba asichaphazeli kuphela imiphunga, kodwa kunye nezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo, eziphathweyo kwaye zikhuselwe ngulo gqirha. Kungaba:
- imiphunga;
- maqela kunye namathambo;
- isikhumba;
- iinjongo kunye neengqungquthela ze-adrenal;
- inkqubo yeorrogenital;
- amalungu ombono;
- i-lymphonoduses;
- i membrane;
- esiswini.
Baphi i-phthisiologists?
Ngokusekelwe kwisifo esenza isigqirha se-TB, indawo yomsebenzi wengcali enjalo kwiimeko ezininzi zonyango loluntu okanye loluntu. Indawo yomsebenzi wengcali kwintsimi ye-phthisiology ingaba:
- polyclinic;
- isibhedlele kwisicwangciso esiyinkqubo ehlukeneyo;
- isifo sofuba;
- iofisi kwiklinikhi yangasese;
- maziko ophando.
Ndifanele ndidibane nini nodokotela we-TB?
Kukho inani leempawu apho kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nogqirha ukuze ufumane okanye ungabandakanyi ubukho besifo sofuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo. I-phthisiatrician - ngubani na kwaye xa kuyimfuneko ukuya kwamukelwa kwayo-kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kuphephe iingxaki ezinzulu. Iimvavanyo, eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa yi-phthisiatrist: i-mantoux kunye ne-dyskintest. Iingcali ezinamava zibiza iimpawu, zichonga ukuba zeziphi na, kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nangoko ugqirha:
- ukukhwehlela okungapheli ngaphezu kweeveki ezintathu;
- ukulahlekelwa ubunzima;
- Ukunciphisa kakhulu ukutya;
- ukuchithwa kwe-sputum, i-mucus kunye, ngakumbi, igazi;
- ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa;
- ubuthathaka, utywala, ukungabi namandla;
- busuku;
- intlungu esifuba.
I-phthisiatrici ithatha njani inkqubo?
Into yokuqala apho ugqirha uqala khona ngu-anamnesis. Okokuthi, ukumkelwa kwe-phthisiatrician kuqala ngokuqokelela ulwazi malunga nezifo zangaphambilini, ukuzalwa, indlela yokuphila, umsebenzi wobugcisa kunye nembali yonyango, ukuba ukuxilongwa kwakwenziwe ngaphambili. Xa ufumana ukuqesha kunye ne-phthisiatrician, kufuneka ulungele ukuba iimvavanyo, i-X-ray, uhlalutye, njl.
Yintoni i-phthisiatrist ekhangelelwa kuyo?
Ukongezelela ukwesaba kwesifo sofuba, akuqhelekanga ukuba amaziko ahlukeneyo afune i-phthisiatrici ukubika ukungabikho kwesifo sofuba kwaye ukutyelela ugqirha kuyimfuneko. Okokuqala kunye nento ephambili i-phthisiatrician ihlola kwi-reception yiziphumo zeemvavanyo (igazi, imfesi, umchamo) ebekwe ngaphambili. Emva koko ii-ray kunye / okanye i-fluorography. Ukuba i-mantu yenziwe, ingcali iyihlola ngokuphendula. Ukongezelela, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwimeko ye-lymph nodes, ebonisa ukuba kukho ukusuleleka kumzimba.
Ugqirha we-TB ugqibe njani isifo sofuba?
Izindlela zanamhlanje zokuxilonga isifo sofuba zingakwazi ukuchonga isifo kwizigaba zokuqala. I-phthisiatrician inxaxheba ekuxilongweni (ngubani, esiye sichaze ngasentla). Ukuze uqonde indlela intsholongwane efunyenwe ngayo, iindlela zokuxilonga isifo sofuba kufuneka zicatshangelwe, ezibhekwa njengezona zifanelekileyo.
- IMantoux . Olu vavanyo lwe-tuberculin lujoliswe ekufumaneni isifo sofuba ngokuvavanya izimpembelelo zesikhumba emva kwempembelelo enqamlekileyo okanye yangaphakathi.
- Diaskintest . Esi sidakamizwa sikwazi ukufumana isifo sofuba kwizigaba zokuqala. Enyanisweni, lo luvavanyo apho i-antigens ifakwe phantsi kwesikhumba ukufumana impendulo yomzimba (interferon). Ukuba imeko yezilwanyana iyaziqhelanisa nale nkunkuma, impendulo kwiimvavanyo iya kuba neempembelelo.
- Fluorography. Le ndlela yokufumanisa isifo sofuba isithandwa kakhulu - zonke iingcali ze-phthisiatric ziyakubona ubukho bentsholongwane.
- Umfanekiso we-X. Le ndlela ifana ne-fluorography, kodwa ngumfanekiso ongcono, ofunyenweyo ngenxa yokunyuka kombane ngexesha lokucinga.
- Ikhompyutha. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukufumana iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo ngaphandle kokuba kubekho umbane. Le yindlela entsha ebalulekileyo yophando kungekuphela kwintsimi ye-phthisiology. Xa kuqhuba i-CT ye-spiral kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iziphumo zolu phofu kumfanekiso ophezulu.
- Imbewu ye Microbiological. Le ndlela inceda ekufumaneni izifo zesifo sofuba emzimbeni ngokuhlola izinto eziphilayo (i-sputum, i-mucus, i-bronchus contents).
- Vavanyo lweHepatic. Olu luhlu lweemvavanyo ezikunceda ukucacisa ubukho bezilwanyana ezikhubaza isifo sofuba, ngokuhlola isibindi.
- Inoculation umchamo. Olu hlalutyo lujoliswe ekuboneni i-microbacteria yesifo sofuba emcinini. Inqunywe ngokungabikho kwezifo ezifana ne-cystitis, i-pyelonephritis, i-prostatitis, njl.
Ukuthintela isifo sofuba
Amanyathelo okukhusela ukukhusela isifo sofuba - ingongoma ebalulekileyo engafanele ihoywa. Esi sifo siphumelele, nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuxilonga, apho ungayibona khona ukugula kwizigaba zokuqala. Abantwana banomdla kakhulu kwesi sifo, ngoko ke ebuntwaneni, amanyathelo okukhusela anendlela echanekileyo.
- Isona sokuqala sokukhusela sisisibhedlele. Ukuba ngeveki yokuqala yomntwana akukho zinkathazo kunye nempilo, ke ugonywe nge-BCG.
- Iimvavanyo zeMantoux zenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka kubantwana, kwaye kufuneka zixelelwe ukuba akukho nto.
Amanyathelo okukhusela abaluleke ngokulinganayo kubantu abadala. Ugqirha uyisifo se-phthisiatrician, isifo sofuba esingekho kuphela isigulo esimele siphathwe ngayo, kodwa nesifo esidinga amanyathelo aphezulu okukhusela.
Yintoni okufuneka uyihlawule ingqalelo yokunciphisa ingozi yokufumana isifo sofuba:
- Umgangatho wokutya. Kumele kube noqiqo kunye nokulinganisela.
- Izimo zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo.
- Ukwenqaba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, ukutshaya, iziyobisi.
- Umgangatho weemeko zokuphila.
- Ukwenza ubomi obusebenzayo, ukudlala imidlalo.
- Ukugcinwa kococeko lomntu.
- Iinjongo ezijolise ekuqiniseni umzimba.
- Ukuphuculwa komzimba ngokutyelela ii-resorts, ii-sanatoriums kunye nezibonelelo.