Isifo sofuba sisifo esithathelwanayo esinzima ukuphilisa. Esi sifo kulula ukukhusela, ngoko ke, amanyathelo okukhusela kunye nokuxilongwa okufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekulwa ne-bacillus ye-tubercle. Yiyiphi i-Diaskintest kwaye yintoni indima edlalwa ngayo kwizifo zokuxilonga zanamhlanje - oku kuyintloko yale nqaku.
Izindlela zokufumanisa isifo sofuba
I-Mycobacterium isifo sesifo sofuba okanye intonga iKoch ibhethri yamandulo, kwiintsuku ezindala isifo esabangelwa yi-bhakteriyithi ibizwa ngokuba "ukusetyenziswa" ukusuka kwigama elithi "wome". Ukugula akusindanga mntu: akukho ntsizana okanye isityebi. Kuyaziwa ukuba ekufundeni iipiramidi zaseYiputa, impawu zesifo esifumene nesimo esibi zifunyenwe kwiimimmies ezili-6 kwi-10 zamaharahara. I-wand yaKoch izinzile kakhulu kwindawo yangaphandle. Esi sifo ngokwaso, isifo sofuba sisasazwa ngamaconsi xa kukho ukukhwehlela, ukukrazula, ukuthetha nesigulane ngesimo evulekile.
Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje, i-mycobacterium inokubhubhisa abantu kunye nonyaka kunyaka zonke izibalo zesifo ziya kwanda. Into ebalulekileyo ekutholeni kwangaphambili, enceda ukuqhuba unyango ngempumelelo, ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba. Okwangoku, iindlela zokuxilonga zilandelayo:
- Ukuhlola okubonwayo, ukuchongwa kwezikhalazo.
- Iidrafriji (i- fluorography ) - eyenziwa nge-angles 2. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba imiphunga iyathinteka okanye ayikho.
- I-tomography yekhompyutyri - indlela ekhoyo yanamhlanje ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba yindawo eyenziwa ngayo emiphakeni.
- Inkcubeko ye-Bacteriological ye-sputum yindlela efundisa kakhulu, kodwa ithatha ixesha elide, ukukhula okusebenzayo kwebhaktheriya kuqala ngomhla wama-20 ukuya kwe-60. Ukuhlwayela kunceda ekufumaneni uvelwano lweebhaktheriya kumachiza okulwa ne-antibacterial and anti-tuberculosis, ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokwenza unyango.
- Uphononongo lwegazi kunye nomchamo awunolwazi oluncinane kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa nezinye iindlela.
- Iimvavanyo eziphambili zingabonakalisa ukukhuthaza (ukuqonda) komzimba kwi-mycobacterium isifo sofuba, ziquka:
- Uvavanyo lweT Tuberculin - owaziwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi waseMantoux ;
- vavanyo lwe-Pirke (oluqhelekanga lingasetyenziswanga ngenxa ye-informativeness ephantsi);
- uvavanyo lwesifo sofuba.
IMantoux okanye i-Diascintest?
Ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kubantwana, ngonyaka, kumaziko emfundo jikelele, abasebenzi bezempilo baxilonga ngokusungulwa kweT tuberculin, ebizwa ngokuba yi-tuberculoprotein-i-filtrate ethile efunyenwe kwi-heat-killed i-mycobacteria yesifuba nesifo sofuba somntu. Uvavanyo lweTibheculosis - ukuphendula kweMantoux, kuqhutyelwa ngohlobo lwe-reaction response, okubangela ukuvuvukala kunye nokwakhiwa kwamaphepha kwiziko lokulawula.
I-Diaskintest igama elitsha ekuxilweni kwesifo sofuba. Sisiphi isidakamizwa endiyifunayo? Ngaba kukho ukungafani kwaye zeziphi iingenelo zolu okanye indlela yokuxilongwa? Ukuze siqonde oku, kufuneka sicinge ngezinto ezi zombini:
- I-Tuberculin yilungiselelo lemvelo elibangela ukusabela okuthe ngqo. Uvavanyo lweMantoux luvavanywa emva kweeyure ezingama-72. Iingxaki zendlela zihlala ziphendukile, ezingabonakali ukuba khona kwe-mycobacterium emzimbeni. Utywala obukhulu besichengisiso luyi-drawback.
- Yintoni i-Diaskintest ngokuphambene neT Tuberculin? Esi sisichengiselwano sokusetyenziswa. Indlela yokuphatha ifana neT Tuberculin, isampuli iphinda ihlolwe emva kweeyure ezingama-72. Ingxaki yokuphikisa iyenzeka kuphela kwimeko yomsebenzi we-mycobacterium isifo sofuba emzimbeni xa kukho izifo okanye usuleleko olusisiseko, olungagqithanga kwisifo. Kweminye i-mycobacteria engabangeli isifo sofuba, akusayi kubakho mpendulo kwi-edema kunye namaphepha, ngokungafani ne-tuberculin.
I-Diaskintest - ukwakheka kokulungiselela
Xa ukhetha indlela yokufumanisa isifo sofuba ngesindlela esitsha, abazali banemibuzo edlalekileyo: yintoni isicatshulwa seDiskintest, yintoni isakhiwo sayo, ingaba yenzeke umntwana omncinci ukuxilongwa? Ukuba sijonge ngakumbi kwi-Diaskintest, ukubunjwa kokulungiswa kwisantya se-0.1 ml kunje:
- Iproteinyini ephindaphindiweyo ye-CFP 10-ESAT6 - 0.2 μg - into esebenzayo;
- potassium phosphate monosubstituted;
- dihydrogen phosphate;
- i-chloride ye-sodium;
- phenol;
- polysorbate 80;
- ngamanzi ukwenzela inkunkuma.
I-Diaskintest njani?
Uvavanyo lwe-Diaskintest yesifo sofuba sokuxilongwa lunqunywe ngugqirha oneminyaka engama-nye. Inqubo mayibe ngumongikazi oqeqeshiweyo okanye u-paramedic owamkelwe kulo mvavanyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweesirinji ze-tuberculin kunye neenaliti ezincinci ezincinci ezine-oblique cut. Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokungeniswa kweziyobisi, umhla wokukhululwa kunye nomhla wokuphela kufuneka kuhlolwe.
Inkqubo yenkqubo. Isigulane sihlala phantsi, ngoko umphezulu we-forearm uphathwa ngesisombululo se-aseptic (70% ye-ethyl alcohol), ngoko ke umgca wecala lukhutshwe kwaye lufana nomphezulu walo, umongikazi ubangenisa i-0.1 ml yeyeza. Ebonakalayo, umbala ombala obumhlophe (7-10 mm) wenziwa elukhumbeni. Emva kwe-diaskintest, imeko yesigulane iyagcinwa imizuzu eyi-10, ukwenzela ukuphepha iingxaki.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuxhamla i-Diaskintest?
Uvavanyo lwe-Diaskintest oluthatha isikhundla seMantoux luphambili, kodwa imithetho iyafana. Indawo yokugonywa kufuneka igcinwe eyomile kwiiyure ezingama-72, ukudibanisa namanzi kunokususa iintsholongwane kwaye kuphuculwe ukusabela. Ukuba isitofu sokugonywa sisesemanzi, oku kufuneka kuxelelwe ugqirha. Ukuba kukho i-hypermia enkulu emva kokudibanisa namanzi, ugqirha umisela ukuxilongwa kwakhona ukuze athole umphumo othembekileyo.
I-Diaskintest - ukuvavanya kweziphumo
Yiyiphi i-Diaskintest ngokubhekiselele kokuvavanya okulungileyo okanye okungalunganga kweziphumo, zithini iimpawu ezithathwa kwi-akhawunti ekuxilweni? Isiphumo sovavanyo luqikelelwa emva kweentsuku ezintathu (iiyure ezingama-72). Ugqirha okanye umongikazi usebenzisa umlawuli obala ukuba alinganise umda ojikelezayo we-hyperemia kunye nokungena ngaphakathi, ukuba kukho. I-Hyperemia icingelwa kuphela ukuba akukho kungena ngaphakathi. Xa i-Diaskintest iqhutyelwa, umphumo uphononongwa ngokusekelwe kwimiqathango ebekwe nguNgqongqoshe wezeMpilo kwaye ungeniswe kwiphepha leemviwo zonyango.
I-Diaskintest iyinto evamile
I-Diaskintest - isiqhelo kubantwana okanye isibonakaliso sokuphila kunye nokungabikho kwe-mycobacterium enesifo emzimbeni kukungabikho kokuphendula emva kokuxilongwa. Ukuba emva kweeyure ezingama-72 ukuphendulwa kokungalunganga, ke akukho ndlela esebenzayo yesifo okanye ukusuleleka kwi-bacillus ye-tubercle emzimbeni, ngoko ke ukuxilongwa okongeziweyo ngugqirha akunikezelwa, umntwana angaya kwiziko lemfundo jikelele.
Idiaskintest Negative
Uvavanyo lwesifo sofuba ngokusetyenziswa kwe-Diaskintest lunolwazi oluchanekileyo, ukuchaneka kwalo ku-90%. Ngokuvavanywa kakubi, akukho ukungena kunye ne-hyperemia kwisayithi yejoza, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, umphumo we-lemon crust ungabonwa, njengendlela yokusabela ngokukhawuleza kunye nobukhulu obungaphantsi kwama-2 mm. Ukuphendula okungaqinisekiyo (umphumo osisiphumo esihle) - i-hyperemia ayithathwa njengesiqhelo, ugqirha unikezelwa ukuxilongwa okongeziweyo, okanye ukungeniswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-Diaskintest emva kwexesha elithile.
Diascintest enhle
Ukuba khona kwe-bacillus ye-tubercle emzimbeni kubonisa utshintsho kwesikhumba kwisayithi yokujova: kukho imithwalo enamandla kunye nokungena ngaphakathi. I-Diascintest enhle kumntwana ihlolwe ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:
- Ukuphendula okulungileyo - ukungenelela (umpapa) nawaphi na ubukhulu;
- impendulo enobuthakathaka obunobunzima - i-papule ukuya kuma-5 mm;
- ukulinganisela ama-papules ukuya ku-9 mm;
- iboniswe - 10 - 14 mm;
- i-hyperergic - ukusuka kwi-15 mm.
I-Diaskintest - imiphumela emibi
Umzimba womntu ungumuntu, ngoko ke ukuthetha oko, akuyi kuba nemiphumo emibi - akunakwenzeka. Isidakamizwa i-Diaskintest isisifo esinetyhefu kwaye ayifumanekanga imiphumo emibi emzimbeni, kodwa yile:
- iqondo lokushisa ngokuhlwa;
- ukuguquka kwegazi (ukuvuvukala kwe-nasopharyngeal mucosa, i-dyspnea, ukubuyiselwa kwe-sclera yelihlo, ukukhwela kwi-site injection, ngokungaqhelekanga kuwo wonke umzimba);
- ubukhulu bokulinganisela kwentloko;
- kubantu abadala, utshintsho lweengcinezelo luya kwenzeka;
- Ukuphendula ngokusesikweni kuyisenzo esithintekayo kakhulu kwiDiaskintest, senzeka nge-hypersensitivity ngamnye kumacandelo esilwayo. I-physically manifested in the formation of infiltrate ngaphezu kwe-15 mm, isikhumba siphelile, izilonda zenziwe, i-lymph nodes entanyeni, i-armpits iyavutha. Ukuphendulwa kwe-Hyperergic ingaba yinkomba yomsebenzi weenkqubo ezixilisayo kumzimba, ukuxilongwa okungafaniyo kuyafuneka.
I-Diaskintest - ukuchasene
Nasiphi na isicatshulwa sinokuchasene kwaye iDiaskintest ayikho. Ukuxilongwa kweziyobisi kunqatshelwe kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
- ngexesha lokutyunjwa kwiziko lemfundo jikelele;
- emva kwezifo ezihanjiswe kwiinyanga ezintathu;
- ukukhuseleka komzimba;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo kunye neentsholongwane;
- ukuhluthwa kwi-anamnesis;
- kunye novelwano olongezelelweyo kwisizaziso somntwana okanye umntu omdala ongasetyenzisiweyo;
- Izifo zesikhumba kwisigaba sokuxhatshazwa (psoriasis, i- atopic dermatitis ).
Ukuxhaswa kwabantu abadala
Abantu abadala be-Diaskintest baqeshwe emva kweziphumo ezingathandabuzekiyo zokutshintshela i-fluorography, uhlalutyo olubi kunye neempawu ezithile (ukukhwehlela, ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph nodes) njengento eyongezelelweyo yokuxilongwa. Kwiziphumo, ubukhulu beepule abukwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo, ukuba ikhona, sele ibonisa ukuba uqhagamshelwano ne- mycobacterium yesifo sofuba senzekile kwaye i-organic is in the stage of the disease okanye isandul