Ukukhulisa ukhukhamba okumnandi kwisayithi, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela kumhlaba ovulekileyo kuya kufuna ixesha kunye nohlu olubanzi lweenkqubo ze-agrotechnical ezikhuthaza isivuno esihle. Kunzima ukucinga ingcambu yemifino apho bekungekho ikhukhamba, imifuno ethandekayo kunye neyimfuno, egcwele iivithamini ezinobomi kunye nezinto ezilandelelanayo.
Iikhukhamba ngaphambi kokutyala - ukulungiselela
Izinto ezifanelekileyo zokuhlwayela zibhekwa njengembewu yeminyaka emibini edlulileyo, inokuhluma kakuhle. Ukukhuphula iikomkomere ezonkcenkcesha, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo, kuveliswa zombini izityalo kunye nezithombo. Imbewu yekhukhamba ngaphambi kokutyala kufuneka ilungiswe, oku kuya kwandisa ukuhluma kwazo. Ukuze wenze oku, bayihlambe emanzini afudumele, ityuwa, emva kwithuba elithile phezu komhlaba liya kuvelisa imbewu ephakathi.
Emva kokukhetha imbewu epheleleyo, ulungelelanise kwaye uyichithe i-disinfect them, baphathe nge-ash ash. Ukwenza oku, cwangcisa isisombululo esine-2 tablespoons yomlotha kunye nelitha eli-1 lamanzi, sithatha iintsuku ezimbini kwaye ubambe izinto zokutyala iiyure ezingama-2-3 kuyo, uze ususe kwaye ume. Umlinganiselo wokugqibela wokulungelelanisa ukuqina kwembewu, ngenxa yale njongo, ukubeka imbewu evulekileyo kwaye ingenelele kwisiqulatho esiphezulu sefriji, ngoko kwinqanaba elisezantsi.
Ikhukhamba lokutshala kwindawo evulekile
Ama-horticulturists anamava acetyiswa ukuba ukutshala iikomkom kunye nokunyamekela kwabo emhlabathini ovulekileyo kubhetele kwindlela yokulima. Oku kuya kubakho ukubonakala kweziqhamo ezimbini kwiiveki ngaphambi kokusityalo kwesi sityalo kunye nembewu. Izithombo zamakhukhamba zityalwe kwindawo evulekileyo kwiminyaka yeshumi kaMeyi, kulungile, ukuba iintlobo ezininzi ziya kukhula ngasemva kwayo, oku kuya kuphucula amandla abo okunciphisa nokunyusa isivuno. Iikhukhamba zityalwa emhlabathini ngembewu ngeentsuku zokugqibela zikaMeyi okanye iintsuku zokuqala zikaJuni, xa umhlaba uphelelwa ku-15-18 ° C.
Ukutshala iikomkom ehlabathini ngombewu
Ukutshala imbewu yamakhukhamba emhlabathini kuveliswa kabini kwaye kuhlume. Ukuba ukuhlwayela kusekuqaleni, kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu eyomileyo, ekubeni ihlume, iwele emhlabeni ofudumalayo, ukubola, ihlwayelwa kakuhle xa umhlaba uhlala ukhululekile ukuya kwi-12-14 ° C. Ukufezekisa umkhiqizo omkhulu, ukuhlwayela imbewu kwindawo evulekile, unokunceda amacebiso ambalwa:
- ukhethe imbewu epheleleyo yeemibini, iminyaka emithathu edlulileyo;
- Ukulinganisa imbewu;
- sebenzisa indlela yokuhluthwa kwembewu;
- ukuphatha imbewu nge-ash ash okanye i- biostimulator ethengiweyo;
- ukuthukuthela imbewu.
Emva kokulungiswa kokuqala kwembewu nomhlaba, qhubeka nokutshala. Hlwanyela imbewu okanye kwiindawo zokuhlala ezenzelwe kwi-grooves engezi ngaphantsi kwe-2-3 cm, okanye kwimingxuma ephakathi kwe-18-20 cm, imbewu ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngendlela yontantathu. Ebuseni bomhlaba ungazifefa umpompo omnyama, ukuphanga iintuthwane, i-slugs kunye neigundane. Ukususela phezulu kwendawo yokulala unokukrazula isimbozo, izinto ezingenanto ezikhethiweyo, ngokukhethekileyo kwiziqendu ezimbini.
Iikhukhamba - izityalo zokulima
Ukuhluma imbewu ekulungele ukulungiswa kwiimbewu, zenze kwiikomityu ezihlukeneyo, ngoko izityalo ziya kutshintsha ngokulula ukutshintshwa kwendawo evulekile. Ukwenza oku, lungiselela umxube ngokuthatha inxalenye elinganayo ye-turf yomhlaba, i-peat, i-humus kunye ne-sawdust, gcwalisa izitya kwaye uhlanyele kuwo imbewu ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Iiglasi zifihla i-polyethylene, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele, amanzi ngamanzi amile, ubushushu bamagumbi, kunye nokubonakala kweentlobo - ukususwa okubuthathaka.
Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo kwihlabathi kuqhutyelwa emithonjeni kunye nomgquba okanye umgquba owenziwe kuwo ngaphambili, kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kaMeyi okanye ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Qalisa iingcambu kwizityalo, ukuba isityalo siphelile, sithe tye. Kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokutyala, izityalo kufuneka zityetywe kunye ne-pritenyat. Ukunyamekela izithombo zamakhukhamba kukuzalisekisa iimfuno eziyimfuneko:
- ukuthambisa rhoqo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokushisa, ukugquma kunye nokubonakala kweziqhamo;
- ukubunjwa kwezityalo;
- u kukhula;
- ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza ukukhululeka komhlaba.
Ukutyalwa kwamakhukhamba - amagama
Ukukhuphula ikhukhamba kwisayithi, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela kumhlaba ovulekileyo, le nkcubeko yemifuno iveliswa kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezidinga imeko ezithile zemozulu, iindlela zokulima. Ingongoma ephambili yokutshala iikomkom ehlabathini, imbewu okanye izithombo, isimo sezulu esitshatileyo kunye nomhlaba ofudumalayo, ixesha elifanelekileyo le mcimbi lihlukile, oku kuchaphazela indawo yommandla. Ukuba ngaphakathi kweveki ubusika busuku abuzange buwele phantsi kwe-10-15 ° C, kwaye ukugqithisa kweentyantyambo ze-dandelions kubonwa, ke iikomkom ziyakutyalwa emhlabathini.
Iikhukhamba - ukukhula nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekile
Nangona usebenza ekuhlaleni iikomkom, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba kwindawo ekhethiweyo yile, phambi kwabo akufanele ikhule i-melon kunye neecucurbitaceous cultures. Ngaphambi kokutyala iikomkom, umhlaba kufuneka ulungiswe kusengaphambili, ukwenza izityela kunye nezichumiso eziphilayo. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kugqitywe ukuba uza kutyala njani le nkcubeko yemifuno: imbewu okanye ingahlambulukanga, kwaye ulungiselele.
Ukutshala ukhukhamba, ukukhula nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo, kubandakanywa iindlela ezininzi ezifunekayo ze-agrotechnical kunye nemisebenzi, eyona nto iphambili:
- ukhetho lwesayithi lokutshala ngomhlaba okhulayo, ovundileyo, onokukwazi ukugcina umswakama, okhuselekile kakuhle, okhuselekile emoyeni;
- ukugubungela imibhede emva kokutyala kwimimandla ekhanyayo ilanga;
- i-pasynkovanie kunye neengxube;
- ukuchumisa rhoqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ze-organic and mineral fertilizers;
- phambi kwexesha lokuvelisa, ukusila, ukukhulula kunye ne-podkuchchevaniya;
- igaraji;
- ukunkcenkceshela (ngokukodwa ngexesha lokukhula).
Unakekele ukhukhamba emva kokutyala
Ukunyamekela iikomkom ehlabathini elivulekileyo emva kokutshala, okokuqala, ngokuchanekileyo ukunkcenkceshela. Iikomkomiti azibekezeli inkomfa, kodwa aziyithandi kakhulu umswakama. Ebushushu, kufuneka utyumbe amakhoksi ukuya kumahlanu evekini, kunye namanzi afudumeleyo, kwiintsuku ezinamafu ungenza ngaphandle kokunisela. Jonga i-antennae ebonakalayo, susa ezinye ezongezelelweyo ukuze zingadli ukutya okufunekayo kwisityalo.
Ukubonakala kweentyantyambo zangexesha elide kungakulungeli kwisiqhamo sityalo, kungcono ukususa, kwakunye nezihluma, ezivela kwiimpazamo zamagqabi okuqala kunye namahlumela aso, ekhula kunye ne-ovary. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshala izichumisi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugqoka iingcambu rhoqo emva kokutshala, kodwa oku akunakudlula, njengoko oku kuya kunciphisa i-fruiting.
Ukunyamekela izithombo zamakhukhamba kwindawo evulekile
Ukutshala nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekile yamakhukhamba kuthatha ukubeka iliso rhoqo imeko yabo kunye nokunyuswa komhlaba. Ukuba uqaphele ukuba amaqabunga ahlambulukile, qi niqiniseke ukuba uwathulule amanzi afudumele ngokuhlwa. Ukunyuka kwamahlumela ngokunyanisekileyo kufuneka kukhulunywe ngotshwala, yenza oku kumanyathelo amabini okanye amathathu, ngokususa kancane kancane izityalo ezibuthathaka. Ngoxa besenza utyontsho, baxakeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye bakhululwe, bekwenza oku ngokucophelela, ukuze bangonakali inkqubo yeengcambu.
Ukulungele ukukhusela iikomkom zintlobo zeentlanga, zinezivuno eziphezulu, ukukhula kwangoko, ukunyuka kwezilwanyana. Kulula kakhulu ukunyamekela iikomkethi zentlanga, zincinci kakhulu, azidingi i-tapestries zamagosa, omnye kufuneka alandele imithetho ethile:
- Amanyathelo okunkcenkceshela, ngokungabikho kwemvula, ayenziwa kabini ngosuku;
- Iikhukhamba zeentlobo zeentlanga zidla ngokugqithiseleyo izondlo, zifuna ukondla ngokuchanekileyo;
- xa behlwayelwa imbewu, kufuneka bafakwe ifilimu ekhuselekileyo, amahlumela phantsi kwayo aya kuba ngcono.
Ikhukhamba yemigaqo yokunyamekela - ukunisela
Inkqubo yengcambu yokukhula kakuhle kunye nophuhliso oluphilileyo idinga ukutyiliswa rhoqo, ukunyuka okwaneleyo kukukhokelela ekumnyama kwamagqabantshintshi, isityalo siwela kwindawo yokuxinezeleka. Umswakama ogqithiseleyo unqanda ukuphuhliswa kwemivimbo, ithatha i-oksijini evela emhlabathini. Ukunyuka kwisixa sokunyamezela kuyingozi kule nkcubeko yemifuno, ngenxa yabo, inzondo ivela kwiziqhamo.
Ukunyamekela iikomkom kwaye ngokukodwa ukuthambisa kuyimfuneko ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo kunye neziqhamo zokutya. Amanzi oku kusebenzisa ukufudumala, ukuthambisa ngamanzi abandayo kuya kubangela ukunciphisa ukukhula nokubonakala kwezifo. Enye yezindlela eziphumelelayo nezanamhlanje zingabizwa ngokuba yinkcenkceshelo yokunkcenkceshela, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo, umswakama uya ngqo kwiinkqubo zengcambu, oku kunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi nokuthintela ukukhula kokhula.
Ukukhula kweekhukhamba izithombo - ezongezelelweyo ezichumayo
Okubaluleke ngakumbi kukutya kwamakhukhamba ekuqaleni kweentyantyambo zezimbali kunye neziqhamo. Ukunyamekelwa nokugqwesa okuphezulu kweikomkom evulekileyo kuyona luncedo kakhulu ekusebenziseni i-infusions mullein okanye iitrob, zibonelela ngesondlo kwizityalo kwaye zikhusele ngokuphambene nompu . Ziyakwazi ukuveliswa kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya ku-14, zihamba kunye nokunyusa okufunekayo. Eyona nto yendalo kunye nemigodi, izisa nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium emhlabeni. Kufuneka kwenziwe kwimozulu efudumeleyo, kwisondlo esibandayo kubangenamsebenzi.
Ukunyamekela iikomkom - ukuxuba
Okokuqala, kufuneka uvelise izibetho uze ubophe kwi-trellis. Ukuxutywa kwamakhukhamba kuncitshiswe kukunakekelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwinqanaba eliphambili. Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo iikomkom, kufuneka umntu atyeke amahlumela omntu okanye "atyatyambo". Esi siganeko siya kunika ukhukhamba:
- ukubunjwa kweentyantyambo "zeentombi" kunye nama-ovaries alandelayo;
- Uya kuphelisa ukunambitheka okukrakra kwiziqhamo.
Ukuquba isitshixo esiphambili senziwa emva kokuba sifinyelele phezulu kwe-trellis, sishiywe ngamanqaku okukhula angama-4-5, ukususa amaqabunga amathathu okuqala kunye nezonsi-oku kukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweehlumela ezisemgangathweni, zifake ikhefu lesithathu, kwaye oku oku kuncedisa ekubonakaleni kweentyantyambo zamabhinqa. Kufuneka ukuba ususe umphunga wesilisa ovela kwisiqalo esiphezulu, uhluma olwahlukileyo kwaye uhlambulule isityalo kwiindawo eziphosakeleyo nezigugu.
Ukhukhamba wePasynkovanie
Ukubonakala kwintlambo yokuvuna kwangaphambili, izityalo zityalwe, oko kukuthi, amanyathelo amanyathelo atyholayo atyukisayo ubuninzi bomhlaba. Xa ukhulile kwaye unakekela iikomkom evulekileyo, ingakumbi xa ikhula emhlabathini ovundileyo, le nkqubo ayimfuneko, ngakumbi ngaphandle kwamava kunye nezakhono. Ukuba usenako ukwandisa inani lezityalo, unokususa oonyana abathandayo, ukususa okungaphezulu, ukudonsa ukutya kunye nokuvelisa iziqhamo, izihlumelo ziyahlanjululwa emva kwamaqabunga angama-4-5. Isigqibo malunga ne-pasynkovaniya kufuneka sithathwe ngokuxhomekeka kwimihlobo yekhukhamba.
Ukukhusela iikomkom ehlabathini - izifo kunye nezinambuzane
Ngethuba lokulinywa kwamakhukhamba kunye nokunyamekela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela isifo ngexesha kunye nokulahla iindiza. Izifo eziqhelekileyo zeemkhukhamba, ezibonakala zivela ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kobusuku bemini nobusuku, ubuninzi okanye ukungabikho kokunyamezela, zezi:
- ukubola;
- isikhumba se powdery;
- ukubola okumhlophe;
- ukubola kweengcambu;
- imifanekiso eqhelekileyo;
- nomnquma.
Uninzi lwezifo lunokuthintelwa ukuba ukunyamekelwa kwezityalo ezicetyiswa ngabavelisi bemifuno abanamava. Ukulwa nabo, amanyathelo okukhusela kunye neziyobisi ezizodwa zisetyenzisiweyo, ezahlukeneyo kwisifo ngasinye. Ukubonakala kweenambuzane ezinjenge-spider mite, i-melon aphid, i-whitefly yiphumo le-agrotechnical. Izifo kunye neentsholongwane azivuki ngokunyamekela nokunonophelo.