I-anemia yimeko ye-pathological apho kukho ukwehla kwinqanaba le-hemoglobin egazini kunye nokuncipha kwinani lamaseli obomvu (i-erythrocyte). I-anemia ayiyiyo isifo esizimeleyo, kodwa isifo salo naluphi na ukukhubazeka kwezitho zangaphakathi okanye iingxaki zokuxilonga.
Iimpawu ezenzeka nge-anemia zingahlulwa zingabonakaliyo (zigcinwe naluphi na uhlobo lwe-anemia) kunye nento ethile (uphawu kuphela uhlobo oluthile lwe-anemia).
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-anemia
- ubuthathaka obuninzi, ukhathala okwandayo , ukulala;
- utywala, intloko;
- iintliziyo zentliziyo ( nakwindawo yokuphumla);
- ingxolo ezindlebeni;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba kunye neembrane ezinamaqabunga;
- izifo zokulala;
- ukuhluleka komjikelezo wesini kubafazi;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane.
Iimpawu ezithile ze-anemia
- Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ifikelela kwi-90% yazo zonke iimeko ze-anemia. Kwinqanaba lokuqala libonakaliswa yimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, ulusu lunokufumana umthunzi we-alabaster, luba lukhuni kwaye lukhuni, i-mucous ephahleni (ngakumbi i-eye conjunctiva), iinwele kunye nezipikili ziba zibuhlungu. Ukongezelela, kunokubakho ukuphulaphulwa kwenkcenkceshelo kunye nenkohlakalo (umzekelo, isiqulunqo sesitshixo, udongwe, nezinye izinto ezingenakucinywa). Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuxhamla isisu - ukuphuthuma ngokukhawuleza kwee-caries, i-dysphagia, ukucoca ngokungabonakaliyo. Izimpawu zokugqibela zibonwa nge-anemia enkulu.
- B12 ukusilela i-anemia. Esi sifo sihambelana nokungabikho kwe-vitamin B12 ekudleni okanye ekudlileni. Olu hlobo lwe-anemia lubonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kumsebenzi we-system central ne-strostestinal tract. Ukususela kwicala le-nervous system liyakwazi ukuphawula: ukugada kwamalungu, ukuhla kweengcamango, ukuvakalelwa kwe "goosebumps" kunye "neenyawo zeenyawo", ukuphulwa komsebenzi. Kwiimeko ezinzima - ukukhumbula imemori. Ukususela kwindlela yokugaya: ubunzima bokugwinya, ukukhulisa isibindi kunye nesipen, ukuvuvuka kolwimi.
- I-héemolytic anemia - liqela lezifo apho kukho ukutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-erythrocytes ngokuthelekiswa nobomi babo obuqhelekileyo. I-héemolytic anemia ingaba yifa, i-autoimmune, i-viral. Ininzi i-hemolytic anemias ibonakala ngokunyuka kobukhulu beestile kunye nesibindi, i-jaundice, umchamo omnyama kunye nemfesi, umkhuhlane, ama-chills, amazinga aphakamileyo we-bilirubin egazini.
- I-anemia ye-aplastiki. Ivela ngenxa yokuphulwa kwamandla omnatha wethambo ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa umbane kunye nezinye iziphumo ezimbi. Ukongeza kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-anemia ye-aplastiki zibonakaliswe ngu: i-gums yegazi, i-nosebleeds, i-gastric bleeding, i-fever, ukulahleka kwesidlo kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo esiphuthumayo, isifo se-ulcerative stomatitis.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia
Ukuxilongwa kwe-"anemia" kungenziwa kuphela ugqirha esekelwe kwiimvavanyo ezibonisa inani lamaseli obomvu kunye ne-hemoglobin egazini. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-hemoglobin ziyi-140-160 g / l kumadoda kunye ne-120-150 g / l kwabasetyhini. Isalathiso esingaphantsi kwama-120 g / l sinika ithuba lokuthetha nge-anemia.
Ngobunzima be-anemia ihlukaniswe ngama-3 degrees:
- Ukukhanya, i-1 degree, i-anemia, apho amanqaku ancitshiswa khona, angaphantsi kwama-90 g / l.
- Umyinge, i-2 degree, i-anemia, apho i-hemoglobin egazini iphakathi kwe-90-70 g / l.
- Elikhulu, ibanga lesi-3, i-anemia, apho i-hemoglobin ingaphantsi kwama-70 g / l.
Nge-anemia elula, ayikho nayiphi na impawu zekliniki, kunye neempawu eziqingqiweyo sele zibonakalisiwe, kwaye ifom ephezulu ingasongela ubomi, kunye nokungonakaliswa okukhulu kwimeko epheleleyo, igazi elincinci, ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system.