Kwimarike, iintlobo zeepeysi zikhoyo kwinani elikhulu, elungileyo kumlimi okanye umnini we-dacha, kodwa kungekhona wonke umntu onokuqonda iincwadi ezinzulu. Imveliso yeMbewu yale nkcubeko ibalulekileyo ikwahlula kwiindidi eziliqela, ogama layo liyakwazi ukudibanisa umlimi onovavuni ongenamava.
Iindidi zeepayi zokukhanda
Inkcazo echazwe ngobugcisa ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu e-varietal ngenjongo ephambili - imbewu yeeshukela yee-peas, eziluhlaza kunye nemifuno. Ukukhanda kunqweneleka ukuthenga izinto ezikulo, xa ukuvuna, kunika iiperezi ezintle kunye noshukela okwaneleyo. Ekusebenziseni, azinakali ngokuvuthwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokunyaniseka okufutshane kunye nesincinci se-starch, esifikelele kwixabiso elifunwayo, avunyelwe ukungena. Xa uhlolwe, amaqabunga ama-pod afumaneka ngokubonakalayo kweso sihlandlo, akukho ntambo kuwo.
Ixesha elibukhali lobugcisa leentlobo ezininzi zee-pea ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina ukutya okuluhlaza kuncinci kakhulu, kufuneka ukuba zisuswe ukusuka ngomhla we-11 ukuya kwe-16 emva kokumiswa kwee-pea-amachaphaza. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukulawula umlinganiselo wokukhula, ukuze ungaphutheli ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuvuna iiembotyi. Ukulibaziseka ngokuqokelela iintsuku ezimbalwa zezobuchwepheshe zeemveliso zecandelo elinciphile kakhulu. Iifama ezinobungozi, eziqokelelwa ngexesha lokuqala, zinamanzi, zinamanzi kwaye zingonakali, ngoko kuvuna kwangaphambi kokuvuna kunqatshelwe.
Ukufumana imbewu yee-peas, sikhetha iintlobo ezintle zokuhlwayela. Ngaloo ndlela abanini-mhlaba baqinisekisiwe ukusuka ekuqokeleleni izityalo ezingekho mgangatho, ukufumana izihlahla ezincinci, ezibangela iingxaki ngexesha lokuvuna nokukhula. Ezinye iintlobo zeembotyi kufuneka zifakwe okanye zifakwe, ukuze zifumane izitya ezimnandi, aziyi kukwazi ukubuyela ensimini. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba neentlobo ezininzi zeepayi - ezikhutshwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwifomu eluhlaza.
Iintlobo zee-shelling zeepere
Ukuthabatha iintlobo ezintle zeepayari kulondolozo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufumane iintlobo ezinobuncwane beembotyi. Baya kuba nohlobo oluthile lwepea - epholileyo kunye nobomvu. Iintlobo ezinobuninzi eziqingqiweyo ziyaziwayo ngenxa yokunyamezela kwamaqabunga kunye nokuvuna kwangaphambili. Iiperesi ezidibeneyo zikwahlukileyo ngumnandi ocolileyo, kodwa ngokuchasana nesithwathwa kunye neentlanzi, kuncinci ukuya kumncintiswano ngesimo esijikeleziweyo.
Iindidi ezigqithisileyo zeepayi:
- Ukuqala okuluhlaza ku-33,
- IMeteor,
- UFeltham kuqala,
- Ambrosia,
- Mma ngaliso,
- Dakota.
Iindidi zeebhosi zebhondi
Iintlobo zeepeysi eziqingqiweyo zefayili yefomu yoqobo zibizwa ngokuba ziimbotyi zobomi. Isitashi phakathi kwabo sincinci, sinambitha iimpawu ngenxa yokuba le nto iyona nto ibhetele, ekusebenziseni ukunambitheka okumnandi kunamandla. I-peas iqala ukuphazamisa ekupheleni kweentsholongwane okanye ngexesha lokucubungula. Iigrasi zeBrain zihle kakhulu kwialadi kwaye zibhekwa njengeyona ndlela enhle kakhulu yokukhanda.
Kunconywe iindidi zeepa zeentlobo ze-cerebral:
- Ekuqaleni,
- Amaqanda asekuqaleni -11,
- Ophumeleleyo nguG-33,
- Marvel Little,
- Ummangaliso waseCalvedonian,
- I fragment,
- Umhluzi ushukela,
- Ngqongqo uluhlu oluhlaza,
- Kwelanga,
- Ezintathu,
- Zhegalov 112,
- Ngaphambili,
- Alderman,
- Delikata.
Iifama ezikhulayo eziphantsi-iintlobo
Ukuphakama kweempawu eziphezulu ngaphezu kwe-115 cm kuthathwa njengezide kunye neziqu ziphezulu kune-70 cm. Izitshalo zezilwanyana ezithile zingakhula zibe zii-200 cm ubude, ukuvuna okanye ukuzikhupha kwintsimi akunjalo. Phakathi kwabalimi beloli abancinci, ukukhula okuphantsi, kungekhona ubunzima beentlobo ezidinga ukuxhaswa zifuna kakhulu. Iimpawu zazo zikhula ngo-30-70 cm, ngoko akudingeki ukuba i-trellis eyinkimbinkimbi, ifakwe ngetambo elula.
Izityalo ezinemihlathi ezinemizuzu engama-65-75 cm ziyaziwa ngeempawu zazo ezilungileyo. I-Peas Tsarevich inenkcazo eyahlukileyo yekhenkethi yehlobo. Kufanelekile kwiinqwelo zengqungquthela inkcazo ecacileyo ye-varietus yepea yeVaris ephezulu. Ungumgula omncinci, ukuvuthwa phakathi, ukulala nokubhentshisi inamba zizinzile. Uhlobo lwe-Vera (ukuya ku-65 cm), i- Ambrosia (ukuya kuma-70 cm), iMangalisa , i- Babushkin (65 cm).
Iimpawu ezihlukahlukeneyo zeepayini zaseCalvedonian
Iziphakamiso ezigqwesileyo ezi zininzi zifanelekile, kwindlela entsha ifotyi ziyanandi kwaye zihlwaya, zifanelekile ukucubungula. Ngommangaliso weCalvedonian eyi-100 uhlinzeka ngo-40 kg nangobisi obushushu. Le pea ibhekisela kwiintlobo kunye neentlobo zezinto ezinqabileyo kwaye ezininzi, ezilula ukucoceka. Kwiimpawu zamanzi ezinqabileyo zaseCalvedonian ukuya kwii-8 cm ubude, kukho iipasta eziyi-8 zobuchopho ezahlukileyo ngokuqhwala kunye nokulondolozwa.
I-Pea Alpha - Iinkcazelo ezahlukeneyo
Le pea ikhula ngaphandle kwenkxaso, iindidi zifikelela ekuphakameni kwama-55 cm kwaye zilula kwi-agrotechnics. Kucetyiswa ukuba iimbotyi zihlambuluwe kanye xa ukukhula ku malunga nama-70%. I-Alfa - iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa ngesityalo esisisigxina kunye neempawu zorhwebo. U-Ogorodniki waphawula ukunyaniseka okwandayo kwiifungi eziqhelekileyo (fusariosis, askohitoz) kunye neqhwa.
Iifama ezide kakhulu - iintlobo
Iintlobo ezide zeepai phakathi kwezinye iindawo zasehlobo zibizwa ngokuthi "tychkovyh" okanye "koloni". Kunzima ukukhula, kodwa ukuvelisa izivuno eziphezulu. Kubalulekile ukufakela inkxaso emva kokuvela kwamacembe 3-4 kwaye ubophe isityalo. Ukutshala iiperesi eziphezulu kakhulu, zifuna ukukhanya, zithanda ukufudumala. Ukuba ilanga lincinci, isityalo sithe, solule, iziqu ziba zibuhlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha iintlobo ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ngokufanelekileyo ukulima, ukunikezela ngaphezu kweepasta ezihlwaya ezongezelelweyo izibonelelo zendalo yokuzilo.
Iintlobo zeepeysi:
- Zhegalov 112,
- Alderman,
- Telegraph,
- Ummangaliso we-scapula
- Shuger snap.
Ukuba awunelisekanga ngezilwanyana zamitha ezimbini ubukhulu beqithi lomdiliya ngenxa yobunzima bokunyamekela, ngoko unokuthenga imbewu yezilwanyana eziphakathi. Zingabalwa njengeAzart, iViola, iVoskhod, i-Gigant, i-Horn, i-Emerald, i-Lincoln, i-inexhaustible 195, i-Oscar, i-Premium, i-Perfection 65-3, i-Sphere, i-Southern 47. cm kunye naye okanye indawo yokuhlala ehlobo.
I-Pea uFaro ichaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo
UFaro usisityalo esiphakathi esinomlinganiselo wokuphakama ukuya kumitha enye, kodwa ibhekisela kwiintlobo ezinamaqabunga, ezingenanto ezingenakunqanda ukulala phakathi nexesha lokukhula. Le ngqungquthela inokuthiwa yithembisayo, inokumelana nesomiso, kunye nomvuno we-56 c / ha. Isuswa ngokuhlanganiswa ngokuthe ngqo kumasimini, okwenza kakhulu ukunciphisa ilahleko. Ukuba uthatha imbewu yeepaa, zeziphi iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zokuvula umhlaba, qaphela iimbotyi zikaFaro.
I-Pea Prelado - inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo
I-Prelado ifanelekile kubavelisi bemifuno abathengayo iintlobo zee-pea imbewu ekuvuneni kwangoko kunye nokusetyenziswa kweembotyi ezintsha. Iipeya zakhe zinkulu kunye nefuthe leswekile, umgangatho ophezulu. Imveliso yokuvuthwa kwale mibhontshisi ifika ngomhla wama-40, kunye namandla okukhula esihlathini malunga no-70 cm. I-Prelado frosts ayinasoyika, iintlobo eziMatshi zasezikhohlisi zilungele ukusalela, ukugcina iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nokubonakala kweepayim kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo.
I-Peas Belmondo - inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo
Ukukhangela kwiikhathalogu ekukhangekeni, ziziphi iintlobo zee-peas, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwimveliso yezilwanyana zokuzaliswa kwamanye amazwe. Iintlobo ezintle zefomstached ifom ye-Middle Belmondo ibhontshisi yeFransi, ikhula ukuya kubude obuyi-95 cm. Imifuno ibona ukuxhatshazwa kwezihlahla zeso sityalo ukufaka, iifowuni ayifuni, iyaphuka ngexesha lokuvuna kancane. I-Belmondo ibekezelela iindawo ezinqabileyo kakuhle kwaye inempawu eziphambili zezolimo.
I-Peas Oscar - inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo
Kwimeko xa ukhangele iindidi zee-peas ezihlaza, ezinokuthi ziqokelele ngokufanelekileyo ngokuzenzekelayo nangokuzenzekelayo, qaphela i-Oscars yokuqala. Ukuphakama kwamahlathi kuya kuma-80 cm, okunciphisa umngcipheko wokulala. Ngama-pods amancinci angama-9 cm ubude, ukususela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-12 i-peas epholileyo enomgangatho ogqwesileyo yenziwe, enomxholo ophezulu ushukela. Yifanele ukukhanda, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulondoloza, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
Iindidi ezintle zeepayi
Into ebangelisayo yembotyi yeeshukela yikhono lokudla ii-peas ezintsha kunye neepods. Kwamaqabunga abanayo ifilimu yesikhumba, ephazamisa ukunambitha. Ukuvuna kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokubonakala kwe-reticulum emanzini eepods, okubonisa ukuba ngaphezulu. Kukho kwiikhathalogu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-pea eziphezulu-eziphakamileyo, eziphakathi, ezifutshane, ezisekuqaleni nasekuqaleni. Ngokutsho kwesivuno kunye nobomi beeshefu ezinobhontshisi beeshukela ezingaphantsi kwabazalwana abahlanjululwayo, kucetyiswa ukuhlwayela iintlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwiibhedi.
Uhlobo lweembotyi apho kuvunyelwe ukuba zidle iilaphu eziluhlaza zibizwa ngokuba yi-pea pods. Ekuphekeni, kukho izitya ezininzi apho esi sityalo sisetyenziselwa khona. Xa ukuphathwa ngoshushu, udonga lwebhodi luyabhujiswa, intlawulelo yemveliso ikhuphuka, iziqhamo ziba mnandi kwaye zivuya ngakumbi. Kusuka kwiesobho zeeshukela, i-salads, iipeya zenyama, i-casseroles zilungiselelwe, isitya esihle esizimeleyo kwifom ephekiweyo. Ama-chickpeas atyusiweyo isitya esidumile kwi-American or Chinese cuisine.
Iintlobo ezintle zepea elimnandi:
- Ushukela,
- Zhegalov,
- Geneva,
- Giant,
- E mnandi,
- AmaSwitzerland,
- Umtya wesobho.
Iipasta ezinomgca - isitya se-calori ephantsi, nge-100g yee-akhawunti zeemveliso zee-kilocalories ezingama-73. Ubhontshisi obusebenzisekayo zisetyenziselwa ukutya okuninzi, kwiziqhamo eziluhlaza ezininzi ze-amino acids kunye ne-selenium, ziyacetyiswa ukuba zisebenzise ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwezicubu. Abantu abadla rhoqo ii-peas banciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo senhliziyo okanye umfutho wegazi. Kwiziqhamo zamagqabi, kukho iiprotheyini ezininzi ezithintela ukuguga, ukuncedisa ukugcina isikhumba ngendlela efanelekileyo. I-fibre yeepereyi isusa ngokupheleleyo i-toxins, ihlambulule isisu kwi-slags.