Ngaba uyazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi? Hayi, kodwa ngeze. Esi sibonakaliso sifanele siziwe kuwo wonke umntu ukususela kumncinci, njengegama labo lokugqibela, igama lokuqala nekheli lekhaya. Ubuza, kutheni? Ewe, ebomini konke kwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, ingozi kwindlela, umntu olahlekelwe yigazi elininzi, oogqirha "i-ambulensi" buza ngubani onalo hlobo lwegazi, uncedo. Ukuba uhlala kufuphi, ukwazi iqela lakho, awuphenduli ngokwenene? Kwaye ukuba awukwazi, uya kuba neentlungu. Okanye omnye wezalamane uya kuba nokusebenza, kwaye ukuxilongwa kuyadingeka, kwaye awuyazi ukuba ufanelekile njengomnikeli okanye cha. Kodwa zingaphi eziseleyo, ziphi iimeko ezenzekayo. Ngoko ulwazi lubaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye, njani kwaye ungaphi na ukufumana okanye ukucacisa uhlobo lwakho lwegazi, siza kuthetha ngale nqaku.
Igazi libandakanya ntoni?
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuqonda inkqubo yokumisela uhlobo lwegazi kunye neR Rh yakho, makhe sixoxe ngento equlethwe ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zegazi zi-plastic plasma kunye nezinto ezifanayo. I-Plasma - le ngxenyana yegazi, eyenza ibe yinkomfa kwaye ivumela ukusabalala emzimbeni wethu. Ngendlela, ngokuqhelekileyo igazi linyame ngaphezu kwamanzi amane, kwaye kubantu abaxhomekeke kwi-atherosclerosis kunye ne-thrombophlebitis, kwishumi. Izinto ezimiselweyo zibandakanya amaseli obomvu-i-erythrocyte, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe - i-leukocytes kunye neendlela zokuvala ezilonda-iiplatelet. Iqela legazi kunye neR Rh enqunywe yiyo yokuqala. Kuyaziwa ukuba phezu kwama-erythrocytes kukho i-antigens ebizwa ngokuthi i-aglutinogens, eyahlula ngamaqela amabini "A" kunye "B". Kwaye i-serum iqulethe i-antibodies ebizwa ngokuba yi-agglutinins. Nabo, bahlulwe ngamaqela amabini, "i-alpha" kunye "ne-beta." Ukuxutyushwa kwebhubhoratri yeesampuli ezahlukileyo kunye nomnye ngomsebenzi wabo kwaye kuvela ukuba yiliphi iqela elilodwa okanye elinye lazo. Le ncazelo yeqela legazi ibizwa ngokuba yi-ABO yesifundo somsebenzi. Ngoku kuyaziwa ukuba kunamaqela ahlukeneyo angama-1.5 yezigidi ngokusekelwe kumntu ngamnye ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, udidi oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya amaqela amane, ngaphakathi nganye apho kukho nokuba yi-Rh efanelekileyo okanye engalunganga. Kwaye okokuqala, ngokomthetho, ilawula. Ukuba, umzekelo, omnye wabazali unendima yam kunye neR Rh inqaku "+" kwaye enye inye enye, kodwa kunye neR Rh "-", ngoko umntwana uya kuba ne-Rh efanelekileyo. Esi sizathu esinye sokuba ufanele ukwazi izikhombisi zakho. Ewe, ngoku masihambe siye kubona indlela kwaye ungayifumana phi na okanye ufumane uhlobo lwakho lwegazi kunye ne-Rh factor.
Uphi na indlela yokuchonga iqela legazi?
Kakade, kwibhubhoratri, ngaphezulu, ngelanga, akukho nto. Olunye utyando olukhethekileyo aluyimfuneko kule nto. Yiza nje kumalathisi wengingqi uze umchazele umnqweno wakho. Ugqirha uyonwabile ukuya kwintlanganiso yakho, kuba abantu abanenkathalo ngempilo yabo, kungekhona ngokwenene nangakumbi. Xa ufumene ukuhanjiswa, wena kusasa kwisandla esingenalutho esiswini phezu kohlalutyo oluqhelekileyo lwegazi ukusuka kumnwe okanye kwi-vein. Emva koko igazi lithunyelwa kwibhubhoratri, apho kuya kuqhutyelwa khona ukulungiswa okulula.
Ukuphendula okulula kwe-immune-haematological
Nantsi indlela ongayenza ngayo ukuba uluhlobo luni lwegazi onalo, usebenzisa isifundo esilula. Umncedisi we-lab-lab kwi-flat flat kunye neepenseli ye-wax yenza amanqaku asibhozo kumanqaku kunye ne-Rh kwizinto zazo nganye. Ukongeza, ngokwemiqathango, ubeka i-serum kufuphi nayo nganye, eyongezwa ngegazi ukusuka ekuhlalutheni kwesigulane. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba iqela kunye neR Rh yesigulane kunye ne-serum yesalathisi iyahambelana, i-agglutination iya kwenzeka. Okokuthi, i-antigen esuka kwiserum iya kudibanisa ne-antibody esuka kwigazi legulane, kwaye isanti iya kuncipha. Kubonakala ukuba le mpendulo iya kuba mizuzu emihlanu emva kokulinga. Ukuchaneka, umphumo kwi-laboratory ye-isoserological igqityiwe yimpembelelo. Isebenza ukuhlaziya nokucacisa i-Rhesus factor. Ukwenza oku, thatha imilinganiselo yamaqela "I" kunye no-II "b" kwaye ungeze igazi kubo ngokuhlalutya kwesigulane. Emva kwemizuzu emihlanu, impendulo iya kubonisa uhlobo luni lweR Rh enalo.
Nantsi indlela ongayifumana ngayo iqela lakho kunye neR Rh yegazi. Ulwazi malunga nale datha luvame ukufakwa kwipasipoti, kuba liyona nto inokuthenjwa kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kunomntu. Mayelana namaqela egazi okwangoku, qaphela kwaye ube kakuhle.