Ukususela ekufundeni umbuzo wendlela yokutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile, umntu kufuneka aqonde ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela kakhulu isivuno sesi sityalo. Ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela, ukuchumisa, ukulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwokhula kunye nezinambuzane, inani elincinci leentloko zeempahla alinakufumaneka kwisayithi.
Kuchaneka njani ukutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile?
Ngaphambi kokuba uqhelane neendlela zokusombulula ingxaki, indlela yokutshala iklabishi, kufuneka uyithenge, okanye wena ngokwakho ukhule imbewu evulekile. Iintlobo kunye nongqungquthela zihlukaniswe ngokukhula kunye nenjongo yesityalo. Iintloko zokuqala ziphantsi koxinano oluphantsi, zityeni kwiladidi kunye nezinye izitya kuphela ehlobo. Iindidi eziphakathi zixhamla, ziyakwazi ukugcinwa ixesha elifutshane ekwindla, kunye neklabishi yasebusika kunye neentloko ezininzi zixabisekileyo, liyakwazi ukulala kuze kube yintsasa.
Iintlobo eziphambili zeklabishi:
- Iklabishi emhlophe iyisityalo esasidala kunye nesithandwa esidlangalaleni, esilungele ukulungiselela iindidi zezitya, sinemveliso enkulu yokutya kunye nezondlo.
- Iklabishi ebomvu - ngendlela yentloko yeklabishi ibonakala njengezilwanyana ezimhlophe, kodwa inemibala ebomvu. Injongo ephambili - ialadi, izitya zangasese, ukukhetha.
- I-khabichi yeSavoy - ibeka iintloko ezihlambulukileyo ngamagqabi amanqabileyo adibeneyo, afanelekileyo kumasaladi. Iyaziwa ngokuba nomxholo wayo ophezulu wevithamini D, isinyithi kunye ne-calcium, kodwa ayigcinwa kakuhle kwifomu entsha.
- Uluhlaza-luhlaza-luyinto eyenza umdlalo we-cream, obunomgangatho ophezulu wesondlo. Kufanelekile isobho, ukutya okuthosiweyo, i-casseroles.
- I-Broccoli - inendima efana ne-cauliflower, kodwa i-inflorescence yayo yimibala eluhlaza, ukujonga okufana ne-asparagus.
- I-Kohlrabi - ihluke kakhulu ngaphandle kwabangaphambili bayo, yenza i-sten sten, i-taste, njengentambo yeentlobo ezimhlophe. Eyaziwayo kwi-kohlrabi ezininzi iimpawu zokutya, luncedo kwixinzelelo eliphezulu, i-atherosclerosis, izifo zamalungu angaphakathi, zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwee saladi kunye ne-garnishes.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi kwimbewu evulekile?
Ukuxazulula ingxaki yendlela yokutshala izityalo zeklabishi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhula kwezityalo ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Kubalulekile ukubala ukuba ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwezityalo kwiindawo ezihlala kwindawo evulekileyo babeneminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhluma kokuhluma kwimizi kwenzeka kwiintsuku eziyi-10-12. Ngokuba i-broccoli, i-savoy ne-Brussels ihluma, iminyaka yobudala yembewu ivumelekile ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-35-45.
Ukukhetha iindlela zokutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile, ungasebenzisa le ndlela ngokukhetha , eveliswa ezimbini kwiiveki emva kokuvela kwembewu. Izithombo ezinamabhodlela ngabanye zivelisa ezinamandla, kunye nenkqubo engcambu, i-squat appearance. Ubungakanani bhotile buxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuba usebenze kunye nomthamo we-6x6 cm ukuya ku-8x8 cm. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, iklabishi ikhulile kwiipilisi ezinomsoco ezenziwe nge-peat, ii-cassette okanye iikreyiti ezi-7-10 cm eziphezulu.
Nangona usebenza emsebenzini wokutshala iklabishi ngqo kwindawo evulekile, qaphela ukujikeleza kwezityalo, thintela abaphambili kwi-plantiferous plant. Iingcambu zingcwatyelwa emhlabeni kuze kube yimbini yokuqala yamagqabantshintshi, umhlaba uqwalaselwa ngokucophelela, udibeneyo, kwaye unamanzi. Ngethuba lokuqala, ukukhusela kwisimo sezulu ebanda, basebenzisa ifilimu kunye ne- agglomerate kwiibhedi.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile ngembewu?
Akunabo bonke abalimi abanokukhula izithombo zezityalo zasegadi. Indlela encinci, nangona kunjalo ingathembekanga ukuhlwayela imbewu ngqo emhlabathini. Izinto ezithengiweyo zikhutshelwe i-half-hour yee-manganese, zilungiselela isisombululo esibomvu esimnyama. Ukuqhubela phambili ekuxazululeni ingxaki, indlela yokutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ngembewu, ulungiselele imibhede, ufune izilwanyana ezingezantsi, u-moisten umhlaba. Imbewu ifakwe emhlabathini kwi-2 cm, ukukhishwa kokuqala kwezityalo ezimbi zivelise kwisigaba samaqabunga amathathu, amaqabunga okugqibela angama-6. Phakathi kwezityalo zabantu abadala bayeke indawo ukuya kuma-70 cm.
Kuphi umgama kufuneka iklabishi ityalwe?
Iskimu esikhethiweyo sokutsala iklabishi kwindawo evulekileyo kufuneka ihambelane namandla okukhula kwezityalo. Kwinqanaba elinyeneyo, abayi kufumana umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokushisa kwelanga nokukhanya. Iintlobo ezidlulileyo zifuna indawo engaphezulu, njengezityalo ezide kakhulu zaseBrussels. Ubuncinane bendawo yokuphila oyifunayo i-broccoli nekholifulawa. Iinqununu zibukhulu buncinane obubanzi kwaye bunzulu kunokuba ububanzi bepropati yencambu.
Iimpawu ezicwangcisiweyo zokutyala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeklabishi:
- emhlophe mhlophe - 30x40 cm,
- i-white-head-ripened-headed-50 cm,
- ekupheleni kwezimhlophe ezimhlophe - 60х70 cm,
- umbala - 25x50 cm,
- broccoli - 35x50 cm,
- Savoy - 40x60 cm,
- Brussels - 60x70 cm.
Iklabishi - ixesha lokutshala emhlabeni
Ngelo xesha lokutyala emhlabathini, izityalo ezikhule kakuhle zifikelela kumaqabunga angama-7, zifikelela ekuphakameni kwe-20 cm. Kwishishini, indlela yokutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile, indima ebalulekileyo idlala ngokutshisa izityalo, eziveliswa ngokunyuka kweqondo eliphakathi kwe-8 ° C. Xa kufika ukushisa okuzinzileyo, izithombo azifihliwe ebusuku. Ukutshala izityalo zeklabhi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-climo zenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kwi-Ukraine kunye noMzantsi waseRashiya, iintlobo zakuqala zingatyalwa ukususela ngo-Ephreli 25, ngokukhawuleza-ukususela ngoMeyi 10. Sizama ukugqiba konke ukutyala kusetyenziswa ngaphambi kokuqala kukaJuni.
Kukuphi ukutshala iklabishi kwisiza?
Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abasandul 'ukuza balahleka embuzweni wokutshala iklabishi, ukwenza iimpazamo ezininzi, kwaye baphelisa izivuno ezimbi. Abaqhambile phambili kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zezi zivuno zininzi iintlobo zezityalo, iziqhamo zengcambu, i-bulbous, ubhontshisi, ukhukhamba. Akunqweneli ukusebenzisa indawo enye iminyaka emininzi ngokulandelelana kwaye ubuyele kwithuba langaphambili ngaphantsi kwama-4 amaxesha. Khetha indawo evulekileyo, evulekile kwaye evuliwe. Iklabishi idinga amanzi, kodwa ihlabathi elisoloko limanzi ngokungafi i-oksijeni idla ngokukhokelela kwi-bacteriosis.
Kukuphi uhlobo lomhlaba lokutshala iklabishi?
Ukugqwesa kakhulu kule nkcubeko ye-chernozem, i-sod-podzolic kunye nehlathi elimnyama. Ubuninzi be-acidity yomhlaba kwisayithi ngu 6.7-7.4 pH. Ukukhetha indawo apho kungcono ukutshala iklabishi, silungiselela intsimi emhlabathini ovulekileyo ngexesha lexesha. Unokwenza ibhakethi enye kunye nehafu yeeperegremshego humus nganye kwimitha yesigca sesiza. Ehlabathini sinezela kwiipuni ezimbini ze-superphosphate kunye ne-spoonful ye-potassium.
Yintoni endingayitya ngayo eduze kweklabishi?
Esi sityalo sinobungane nemifuno emininzi yegadi, ngoko umbuzo wokutshala ecaleni kweklabesi kwintsimi uyasombulula lula. Unokuhlala ngokukhuselekileyo kwinqanaba elikufuphi leebhedi zeklabishi kunye neembotyi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kunye nesaladi, inobungane nazo zonke iintlobo zemifino, anyanisi kunye neebhere. Iimithi ezivumbayo ziyesabisa iintlobo zezilwanyana, ngoko ke kuyinqwenelekayo kummandla wakhe kunye nedill, sage, basil, mint, marigold kunye ne-marigold. Akukhuthazwa kufuphi neklabishi ukutshala i-fennel, iidiliya, utamatisi, i-parsley ne-celery.
Unakekele iklabishi emva kokutyala?
Ukujongana neendlela zokutshala iklabishi ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka uqaphele ukunyamekela izityalo kwindawo evulekile. Imisebenzi ephambili yokudibanisa - ukukhulula umhlaba, ukususa ukhula, ukuthambisa nokutya. Ungalokothi ukhohlwe malunga nokulwa nezilwanyana kunye nezifo ezilindele ukulinywa imifuno kweli lizwe.
Izifo eziphambili kunye nezinambuzane zeklabishi :
- umlenze omnyama,
- ikhamera yeklabishi,
- ubuxoki,
- fusariosis,
- imifanekiso,
- iklabishi i-aphids
- iklabishi indiza,
- mkhuhlane,
- ikhabhabhathane,
- ifowuni.
Ukuchasana neklabishi, iifubhi kunye neentambo zinceda unyango lwesisombululo sesobho, isifiso samagqabi kunye nomlotha. Xa kunentsholongwane ekhuselekileyo, baphathwa ngamachiza e-Aktara, iKarate, i-Piretrum, iCarbofos, i-Fufanon kunye nezinye izibulala-nambuzane. Izilwanyana ezihlala emhlabathini zixoshwa ngeendlela ezisebenzayo zikaMkhoed, iMedetoks, iZemlin. I-Scoop ibhujiswa yimigibe, ukunciphisa inani labantu. Ngokumelene nefungus inceda iBordeaux i-1%, imibhede kwindawo evulekile ephathwa ngamachiza e-Topsin-M, uBenomil, Agat-25, i-Immunocytophyte.
Iklabishi emva kokutshala - ukuthambisa
Ukuxilisa, amanzi ngamanzi atshisayo angama-18-23 ° C angcono. Xa kungabikho inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela yokucoca, kucetyiswa ukunyusa amanzi kumanzi. Ukuba uthe utya iklabishi kwilizwe, unako ukuthulula kwindawo evulekile phantsi kwesityalo kwibhakethi yamanzi. Khumbula, ukuthambisa okuninzi emva kokufudumala kwexesha kushushu ukukhuza imifuno. Iklabishi enamandla kakhulu idinga amanzi emva kokutshala, ngexesha lokukhula okuqinileyo kwamaqabunga kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweentloko.
Ukutya kweklabishi emva kokutyala
Abafama bokuqala banomdla kulo mbuzo wento yokubeka emgodini emva kokutshala iklabishi ukwenyusa isivuno semifuno. I-fertilizing yokuqala yenziwa emva kweeveki ezimbini emva kokutyala izithombo kunye nezichumisi ezilungiselelweyo zamanzi, isisombululo se-0.5 litre saltpeter okanye isisombululo se-Mullein (5: 1). Emva kweentsuku eziyi-15-20, sinceda izityalo kwindawo evulekile kunye ne-organic or mineral compounds, ukuxuba i-nitrate kunye ne-superphosphate kunye ne-potassium sulfate kwisilinganiselo se-1: 2: 1. Ngexesha lesithathu bondla iklabishi kwisiqingatha senyanga. Unokudibanisa i-superphosphate ne-potassium phosphate (2: 1), ufafaze umhlaba kufuphi neenkuni nge-ash ash.