Kwiminyaka emashumi edlulileyo, ukugonywa ngokuqhelekileyo kungasayi kulawulwa nguRhulumente, baninzi banqwenela ukuyiqhuba. Ezinye izifo, kubandakanya i-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria, ayinqabile. Ngenxa yoko, ukusuleleka kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, kwaye abantu bayakuhoxisa iprophylaxis.
Ingaba ndifuna isitofu sokulwa ne-diphtheria ne-tetanus?
Iingcamango malunga nokugonya zahlula. Iingcali ezigqwesileyo ezininzi zigxininisa imfuneko yokuphunyezwa kwayo, kodwa kukho nabalandeli bemfundiso yezinto eziphilayo ezikholelwa ukuba i-immune system iyakwazi ukujamelana nezifo ngokwazo. Ngaba abazali bomntwana okanye isigulane senza isigqibo sokuba ngaba isitofu sokugonywa sisuka kwi- diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus, ukuba sele sele esemdala.
Ubungozi bokuthengisa izi zifo buphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yokuphucula imeko kunye ne-hygienic conditions. Olu hlobo lwakhiwa ngenxa yokuba ukugonywa kwe-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus yayisetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwiminyaka emininzi. Inani labantu abane-antibodies kwintsholongwane idlula abantu abangenawo, oku kuvimbela izifo zesifo.
Kutheni i-diphtheria ne-tetanus iyingozi?
I-pathology yokuqala ibonakalisa isifo se-bacterial, esichukunyiswa yi-bacillus kaLoeffler. I-diphtheria bacillus ifihla inani elikhulu leetekisi ezibangelwa iifilimu zamafilimu ezininzi kwi-oropharynx ne-bronchi. Oku kukhokelela ekukhuselweni kwe-airways kunye ne-croup, ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza (imizuzu eyi-15-30) kwi-asphyxia. Ngaphandle koxinzelelo olungxamisekileyo, isiphumo esibulalayo sivela kukuxhatshazwa.
Awukwazi ukufumana i-tetanus. I-agent causative ye-bacterial disease (i-Clostridium tetani stick) ingena emzimbeni ngokuthintana, ngokusebenzisa izilonda ezincinci zesikhumba kunye nokwakhiwa kwesilonda ngaphandle kokufikelela kwe-oxygen. Into eyona nto yingozi kangakanani i- tetanus yindoda-isiphumo esibulalayo. I-Clostridium tetani ikhupha i-toxin enamandla ebangela ukuxhwaleka okukhulu, ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo yesisu kunye nezitho zokuphefumula.
Ukugonywa malunga ne-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus - imiphumela
Iimpawu ezingathandekiyo emva kokusungulwa kweprophylactic yinto evamile, kungekhona i-pathology. Isitofu sokukhusela isifo se-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria (ADP) ayinayo i-bacteria-pathogens. Ekubunjweni kwayo, kuphela i-toxins ehlambulukileyo ikhona kwiindawo ezincinane ezaneleyo ukuqala ukubunjwa kwe-immunity. Ayikho into eqinisekisiweyo yokuvela kwemiphumo eyingozi xa usebenzisa i-ADP.
Ukugonywa kwe-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus - ukuchasene
Kukho iimeko xa ugonyo kufuneka uhlehliswe, kunye neemeko apho kuya kufuneka kushiywe. Ukugonywa kwi-diphtheria kunye neetetus kuhanjiswa ukuba:
- umntu wayegula ngesifo sesifo sofuba, isifo se-hepatitis, i-meningitis yonyaka;
- kwiinyanga ezingaphantsi kwe-2 emva kokungeniswa kwesiphi esinye isitofu;
- unyango lwe-immunosuppressive;
- kwisigulane sesifo esiphefumulayo sesifo, i-ARVI, ukuphindaphinda kwesifo esingapheliyo.
Ukungafuneki ukusetyenziswa kwe-ADS kuyimfuneko xa ukunganyamezelwanga kwanoma yiyiphi inxalenye yesilwanyana kunye nokuba khona kwe-immunodeficiency. Ukunyamekela iziphakamiso zonyango kuya kubangela ukuba emva kokugonywa kwe-tetanus-diphtheria, umzimba awukwazi ukuvelisa amaninzi okulwa neengxube. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukubonisana nomgqirha ngaphambi kwenkqubo kwaye qinisekisa ukuba akukho zichaso.
Iintlobo zezitofu ze-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus
Iigonyo ziyahluka kwiimveliso ezisebenzayo ezingena ekubunjweni kwazo. Kukho amayeza kuphela kwi-diphtheria ne-tetanus, kunye nezicombululo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikhusela ngokumelene ne-pertussis, i-poliomyelitis kunye nezinye izifo. Iilenjini zamaninzi ziboniswa ukulawulwa kwabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abagonyelwe okokuqala. Kwiiklinikhi zorhulumente esinye isitofu sokugonywa ngokubhekiselele kwi-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria kusetyenziswa-igama le-ADS okanye i-ADS-m. Ukulinganisa i-analogue yiDipet uDkt. Kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangenasigxina, i- DTP isinconywa, okanye iinguqulelo zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi:
- Phambili;
- Infanriks;
- Pentaxim.
I-diphtheria ne-tetanus igonywe njani?
Ukuzikhusela kwangasese kwizifo ezichazweyo akubunjwa, nokuba umntu ugule nabo. Ukuxinwa kwamagciwane egazini ukuya kwiingozi ezinobungozi bebhaktheriya ngokuya kancane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukugonya i-tetanus ne-diphtheria kuphindwa rhoqo. Ukuba uphoswa ulwaphulo olucwangcisiweyo, kuya kufuneka usebenze ngokwecwangciso lokulawulwa kwamachiza ephambili.
Ukugonywa kwe-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria - nini?
Ukugonywa kuqhutyelwa kulo lonke ubomi bomntu, ngokuqala kwintsana. Isigulane sokuqala sokulwa ne-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus sifakwa kwiinyanga ezintathu, emva koko siphindwa kabini ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-45. Ezi zilandelayo ziphinde zenzeke kule minyaka:
- 1,5 iminyaka;
- 6-7;
- 14-15.
Abantu abadala bayagonywa malunga ne-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus minyaka yonke eyi-10. Ukugcina umsebenzi we-immune system ngokuchasene nezi zifo, oogqirha bancoma ukuphindaphinda kwi-25, 35, 45 ne-55. Ukuba ngaphezu kwexesha elibiweyo lidlulileyo ukususela ekulawulweni kwezidakamizwa zokugqibela, iilenki ezilandelelanayo ezi-3 zilandelwe, ezifana neenyanga ezi-3.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukugonywa?
Amanyathelo akhethekileyo ayadingeka ngaphambi kokugonywa. Iiprayimari okanye i-inoculation ecwangcisiweyo ukusuka kwi-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus kubantwana zenziwa emva kokuvavanywa kwangaphambili ngumntwana wezilwanyana okanye umgqirha, ubushushu bomzimba kunye nemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo. Ngengqiqo yugqirha, iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zegazi, umchamo kunye namafesi athatyathwa. Ukuba zonke izibonakaliso zomzimba ziqhelekileyo, isitofu sokugonywa senziwa.
I-Diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus - ugonyo, bahlala kuphi?
Ukuchongwa ngokufanelekileyo kwesisombululo somzimba kunye nokusebenza komzimba wokuzivikela, inkohlakalo yenziwe ibe ngumsizi ophuculweyo ngaphandle kwesixa esikhulu semisipha ejikelezileyo, ngoko ke amacandelo akule ndawo ayifanelekanga. Iintsana zijojowe kakhulu emthonjeni. Abantu abadala bayagonywa ngokumelene ne-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria phantsi kwe-scapula. Ngaphantsi kaninzi i-prick yenziwa kwi-muscle yefayili, enoba ikhulu ngokwaneleyo kunye nophuhliso.
Ukugonywa kwi-diphtheria kunye neempembelelo ze-tetanus
Izimpawu ezingekhoyo emva kokungeniswa kwesitofu sokugonya esicacile, kwiimeko ezininzi zinyamezelekile. I-vaccination yabantwana ukusuka kwi-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus ngamanye amaxesha ihamba neempendulo zendawo kwindawo yokujola:
- ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-epidermis;
- ubuqhophololo kummandla wolawulo lweziyobisi;
- ukudibanisa phantsi kwesikhumba;
- buhlungu;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- ukuthuthumela okukhulu;
- coryza;
- dermatitis;
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukubetha;
- Otitis.
Iingxaki ezidwelisweyo zinyamalale zodwa kwiintsuku ezi-1-3. Ukuququzelela imeko, ungabonisana nodokotela ngokuphathelele unyango olusisigxina. Kubantu abadala, kukho ukufana okufanayo nokugonywa kwe-diphtheria-tetanus, kodwa kunokubakho iziphumo ezingaphezulu:
- intloko;
- ukulibala;
- kulala;
- ukuphulwa kwesidlo;
- iziphazamiso zesitopu;
- isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza.
Ukugonywa kwe-diphtheria-tetanus - iingxaki emva kokugonywa
Iziganeko ezichazwe apha ngasentla zibhekwa njengendlela eyahlukileyo yempendulo yesikhokelo sokuzivikela komzimba ekufakweni kwee-bacterium toxins. Ubushushu obuphezulu emva kokugonywa kwe-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria akubonakalisi kwinkqubo yokuvuvukala, kodwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamagciwane okulwa nezidalwa ze-pathogenic. Imiphumo embi kunye neyingozi iyenzeka kuphela kwiimeko apho imithetho yokulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwesigontsho okanye iziphakamiso zexesha lokubuyisela azizange zihlangabezane.
Ukugonywa kwe-diphtheria-i-tetanus ingxaki xa ilandelayo:
- ukunyamezela kunoma yiyiphi inxalenye yayo;
- ubukho bokuchasene nokuqaliswa kweziyobisi;
- usulelo lwesibini kwilonda;
- ukubetha inaliti kwiisisipha zomzimba.
Imiphumo emibi yokugonya okungafanelekanga:
- tshutshisa i-anaphylactic;
- angioedema ;
- zixhala;
- encephalopathy;
- neuralgia.