Logistics - yintoni na, iintlobo nemisebenzi ye logistician

Xa siva abaninzi bethu igama elithi "logistics" - oko kukuthi, akucaci ukuba wonke umntu uyaqonda. Eli gama lixabiseke kakhulu kwaye lithetha kwisicwangciso sehlabathi kwisayensi yezothutho oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo, kwaye ngokwemigqaliselo ebonakalayo - isixhobo salo mbutho.

Logistics - yintoni na?

Uluhlu olufanelekileyo lulawulo lweenkcukacha, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuhamba komntu, ngomqondo omncinci - ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula ixesha lokuhambisa kwezixhobo kunye nezibonelelo zabasebenzi. Ingqiqo ibandakanya indlela yokuphuhlisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula ukuhamba okunjalo. Umsebenzi weenkampani zokurhweba, ukuveliswa kwamashishini akunakwenzeka ukuba abanako ukusetyenziswa kwempahla efanelekileyo kunye nefanelekileyo-oko kukuthi, bachaza izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:

1. Ukuhamba kwezinto eziphathekayo - izixhobo, izinto ezibonakalayo, izixhobo. Kufuneka zithengwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye zithunyelwe ngaphandle kokulibala.
2. Ukuhamba kwemali - ukufumana nokuhambisa imali, ukulandelela ukuhamba kwezi mali, ukubeka esweni umsebenzi weSebe lezemali.
3. Ukuhamba kolwazi - ukuhamba kolwazi kwinkampani, kwishishini. Abasebenzi kufuneka bafumane ulwazi malunga nomsebenzi wequmrhu ngexesha.

Ingxaki - luhlobo luni lomsebenzi?

I-logistician ingumsebenzi oququzelela ukuhanjiswa kweempahla ezithile kwi-point A ukuya kutsho B kunye nenkunkuma encinci kunye nexesha lokuhanjiswa kunye nokuqwalasela iimfuno zomthengi, umlimi, umthengisi, abaqhubi. Ngubani lo logistician? Ngamazwi alula, ngumntu onokukwazi ukuhambisa umveliso ofanelekileyo ngexesha kunye nexesha elifutshane kunye nomzamo. Ekuboneni kokuqala lo msebenzi ulula, eqinisweni kufuna ukuba izakhono ezilandelayo kunye nezakhono:

• ukunyamekela;
• ukulungela uxanduva olukhulu;
• ukukwazi ukucinga ngobuchule;
• ukulungele ukuhamba rhoqo kunye nokuhamba rhoqo kwezoshishino;
• intlalontle nomonde, uthando ngabantu.

Iintlobo zezinto zokusebenza

Iingcamango ezisisiseko zezixhobo zihamba: izinto kunye nolwazi. Ziyakwazi ukuhlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• izixhobo - zijoliswe kulawulo lweempahla: ukuhamba kwezinto;
• ulwazi- lawula ukuhamba kweenkcukacha, ijoliswe ekwakheni amanxibelelwano enxibelelwano;
• inkampani yolawulo lwemali;
• abasebenzi - ukunyuka kokuhamba komntu, ukungena nokuxothwa kwabasebenzi, ukubeka iliso ngokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yezabasebenzi.

Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlelwe kwintsimi yoshishino. Ngoko, ngokwempawu esebenzayo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zesayensi ekuthethwa ngayo:

• izithuthi (ukukhetha uhlobo lothutho lweempahla, ukuzimisela indlela yokuhamba);
• imithwalo (ukuhamba kwempahla eninzi);
• ukuthengisa (ukuhanjiswa kweempahla, ukuphuhliswa kweziteshi zokuhambisa);
• ukuthengwa (ukuphanda nokuvavanya ababoneleli);
• ulwazi (ukutshintshiselana kwedatha kunye nabalingani, ukulungiswa kolwazi lokudluliselwa kwishishini phakathi kwabasebenzi);
• indawo yokugcina impahla (umbutho wokuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi yokugcina impahla, njengokulayishwa, ukulayishwa, kunye nokunye);
• amasiko (ukuhamba kwempahla yokungenisa impahla ngaphandle).

Logistics logistics

Icandelo lenzululwazi emibandela, ukujongana nombutho weenkonzo, kuthiwa ukuthutha. Izinto ezisiseko zezinto zokuthutha ziyakumelwa ngendlela yemithetho emithandathu eyintloko:

• ukukhethwa kwendlela ehamba phambili yokuthutha;
• ukhetho lwenkqubo yokuthutha;
• ukhetho lomphathiswa, izivumelwano kunye namanye amaqabane asebenzayo;
• ukwakhiwa kweendlela zokuhambisa;
• ukuhlanganiswa kwezothutho kunye nenkqubo yokugcinwa kwempahla;
• ukulungiswa kweerameters of process of circulation circulation (ukunciphisa iindleko, ukwanda kwinqanaba lokuthutha).

Ukuthuthwa kwempahla

Icandelo lezothutho lusetyenziso lwempahla; yiyiphi indlela esebenzisekayo ngayo isakhono sesitokisi esithintelayo; umbutho weempahla eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwempahla yokugcina impahla, apho iinjongo eziphambili zezinto zokusebenza zibonakala. Ingongoma ephambili apha yileyunithi yerhafu, oko kukuthi, isixa esithile semveliso, esithathwa njengezinto ezingabonakaliyo. Xa ulayisha, ukhulula, uhamba, bajongana neenqwelo zeempahla.

Ukuthenga izinto

Ingundoqo yokuthengwa kwempahla kukuqinisekisa inkqubo yokuhamba kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Kwinkqubo yokubonelela inkampani ngezinto eziphathekayo, kuyimfuneko ukulawula izinto ezibonakalayo ngokufanelekileyo: ukuqonda ukuba ngubani, phantsi kweyiphi imeko, ubuninzi bokuthenga. Kwinkqubo yokuthengwa kwemisebenzi, le mi sebenzi kufuneka ixazululwe:

• ukuzimisela kwesidingo semithombo, ukubala kweso sidingo, ukusekwa kobunzima, iiparitha zokuhambisa;
• uphando lwemarike yokuthengwa kunye nokukhethwa komthengi ophezulu;
• uthethwano kunye nokuthengwa;
• ulawulo lwenkonzo.

Ulwazi loLwazi

Ingcamango yolondolozo kukuba kulungelelaniswe imisebenzi yezoqoqosho nge-enterprise ngokuphucula iinkqubo zenkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa umsebenzi weyiphi na inkampani ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kolawulo olufanelekileyo lwemithombo yolwazi kunye nokudluliswa kolwazi. I-logistician ayikho nje umntu ojongene nokunikezelwa nokuhanjiswa kweempahla, kodwa kunye nomphathi ofanelekileyo. Imisebenzi yakhe ibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwemiyalezo ehamba ngexesha elijikelezayo kwinkqubo yokuhambisa impahla, kubathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye nabasebenzi beli shishini.

Indawo yokugcina impahla

Ukugcinwa kwezinto zokugcina impahla - ukuphathwa kwezinto zokugcina impahla, inkqubo yokwamkela izinto zokugcina, ngokuchanekileyo ukugcinwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kweempahla ekuthengiseni okulandelayo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yale candelo elincinane: inhlangano efanelekileyo yoqoqosho lwendawo yokugcina impahla, ukufakwa kweempahla ezigcinwe ukugcinwa. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwindawo yokugcina igalelo ingahlulwa zibe zigaba ezintathu:

• Ukubonelelwa kweempahla zeempahla, ukubalwa kwee-stocks kunye nokulawula kwazo;
• ukucwangciswa kunye nokuqokelelwa kwempahla, ukubhaliswa kwamaphepha afanelekileyo, ukuthutha kweendawo zokugcina impahla, ukugcinwa kweempahla;
• umyalelo wokukhetha, ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kumthengi, ukulawula ukuzaliseka okuchanekileyo kwimiyalelo yabathengi, inkonzo yabathengi kunye nokugcina impahla.

Ukukhutshwa kwamasiko

Ukulawulwa kwezinto zokungena kweempahla, ezivela kwamanye amazwe nakwamanye amazwe, kuthiwa ngamasiko. Iingcali-amagosa amasiko athatha isigqibo emininzi yale mi sebenzi elandelayo:

• ukulinganiswa kwempahla;
• ukubhaliswa kwesibhengezo sesithethe;
• ukujonga ukuhambelana kwempahla, ukulungisa iingxaki ezinokwenzeka;
• ukuthuthwa kwempahla;
• ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuqinisekiswa okulandelayo;
• ukulawula ukuthotyelwa komthetho;
• ukuhambelana neempahla emva kokuhamba kwamasiko.

Imisebenzi yolwazi

Yimiphi imisebenzi yezinto zokusebenza, yintoni le yemisebenzi - siya kuqwalasela ngokubanzi:

1. Ukudibanisa - ukwakheka kwenkqubo edibeneyo yokuhamba kwempahla. Akukho namanqanaba okuhamba kweempahla kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokwahlukileyo, zonke ziyinxalenye yenkqubo enye yokuhambisa impahla. I-logist idibanisa izigaba zokuthengwa kwempahla, ukuveliswa, ukuthengiswa kwenkqubo enye, engabonakaliyo.
2. Ukuhlela - ukusebenzisana kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezenzo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuhambisa impahla.
3. Ukulawula - ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yokuhambisa impahla. Ulawulo kunye nokulawulwa akubonakaliyo, yonke intshukumo yempahla okanye iinkonzo yinkqubo yolawulo olufanelekileyo.

Iincwadi kwizinto zokusebenza

Kukho iincwadi ezininzi ezichaza iingcamango ezisisiseko, iinkqubo kunye nemigangatho yolwazi:

1. "Ulawulo lwezinto zokuThengisa kwiiNtengiso zeeNkonzo" (2009) / Sterligova A.N. - mhlawumbi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwincwadi yaseRashiya malunga nokulawulwa kwezinto zokusebenza.
2. "Indlela yokulungelelanisa igaraji. Iziphakamiso ezisebenzayo zengcali "(2008) / iTaran S.A. - enye yezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo, ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neenkcukacha.
3. "Ulawulo oluSebenzayo lokuPhathwa kweMpahla" (2008) / Schreibfader J. - incwadi ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo, kunye nemizekelo emininzi kunye neengcebiso ezithandekayo malunga nokubikezela.
4. "Ubugcisa bokulawulwa kweevenkile. Indlela yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle "(2007) / uEmmett S. - isikhokelo esibalulekileyo ekulawuleni iincwadi.
5. "Ukusetyenziswa. Management Management Chain "(2003) / Amanzi D. yenye yeencwadi zokuqala zangaphandle.
6. "Ukuhamba kwezothutho ngamazwe: isishwankathelo sezifundo" (2008) / Zimovets A.V. - incwadi yesifundo kwimithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye namasiko.