Umntwana uza kweli hlabathi sele ekhethekileyo, eneenkcukacha zezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezobufuzo ezivela kuye kuphela, kwaye kwinkqubo yentlalo iba ngumntu kunye nomntu ngamnye, owathi, ngokwesazi senzululwazi waseRussia-isazi sezengqondo A.G. I-Asmolov imele ikhuselwe kuluntu.
Yintoni umntu
Uluntu njengeentlobo jikelele luzibonakalisa ezininzi: ubulili, ubuhlanga, umbala wamehlo kunye neenwele, njl., Kodwa kukho iiparameters ezihlula umntu othile kwaye zibonakalise ngokugcwele kwinkqubo yokuhlalisana kwabantu. Ubuntu (ukusuka kwisiLatini Individuum - ngamnye) yimpawu ezahlukileyo zomntu ngamnye ozibonakalisa ngokuzikhethela kwaye ziyingqayizivele:
- inkqubo zengqondo;
- iqondo;
- kucinga;
- ngeleko;
- iipatheni zokuziphatha;
- umdla onomntu ngamnye.
Ubuntu kwi-Sociology
Ubuntu bomntu luqhagamshelwano oluhambelana nophuhliso loluntu ngokupheleleyo. Isakhiwo sentlalo, kunye nemimiselo yaso kunye nemithetho, inempembelelo ngqo ekubunjweni komntu kwaye idibanisa abantu njengabathwali boluntu olunikeziweyo. Ukubonakaliswa komntu ngamnye kwintlalo-ntsapho kungabonakaliswa ngokuhluka kweendlela zobomi ngexesha lokuziqonda - bonke bahluke ngenxa yamava abaye bawafumana.
Ubuntu kwengqondo
Inzululwazi yesayensi ihlula ukuphuhliswa komntu kwiinqanaba ezithile, ngexesha apho ubuntu bufumana iindlela ezithile ezintsha (ubuchule, ubuchule, iimpawu zobuntu ). Ukususela ebuntwaneni, ukudlulela kwiinkathazo (unyaka owodwa, iminyaka engama-3 kunye neminyaka eyisi-7), umntwana ufunda izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kwaye utyhila iitalente zokuqala. Ubuntu bubunjalo - kwisengqondweni, iintlobo ezintathu ezihlanganisiweyo zophuhliso:
- i-ongenesis - uphuhliso lomntu ngamnye;
- ukudalulwa kwezakhiwo zomntu - indlela yokuphila ;
- ukusekwa kokuphunyezwa kobugcisa kunye nobuchule.
Iingqondo zanamhlanje zijonga umntu ngamnye njengenkqubo edibeneyo yezinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sokubonakaliswa ngokuphumelelayo komntu ngamnye ngumbane wobugcisa bomntu, oyiyo isiseko sokudala. Ukwenziwa komntu ngamnye kunokulandelwa kwigalelo (okomoya, izinto eziphathekayo) ukuba umntu uncedise ekuphuhliseni intlalo.
Iimpawu zobuntu
Umntu uzalwe nemisebenzi yakhe, iimfuno kunye nomsebenzi. Ingqongileyo, ukusuka kwintsapho yabazali kunye nokuphela koluntu, iveza ukulinganiselwa kwayo ngendlela yokuthintela, imimiselo, isimo sengqondo kunye nezithethe. Njengento ebantwini, abantu banalo manxibelelwano ngokwabo kwaye bafana nale nto. Ngoko ke njani ukubunjwa komntu ngamnye? Iingcamango zomntu ngamnye zinamanqanaba amaninzi, ingqibelelo leyo ingahlawulwa kuphela ngoncedo lwezibalo zamathematika. Ubunjani bobuqu buquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- iimpawu zengcamango yolwazi (ingcamango engeyiyo, ingcamango, imemori);
- buchule;
- isityebi "esingaphakathi" sehlabathi somntu, esakhiwe kwikhondo lokuphuhliswa kobuntu;
- ukuzixabisa;
- ukudibanisa kunye nomsebenzi kwintlalo: ukusekwa kobudlelwane obuhlukeneyo obuhlukeneyo, ngokukhethekileyo kuphela kumntu othile;
- ubuchule obuvela kumbono wobuqu behlabathi;
- ukuzibonela ngokwenza igalelo lomntu kwiinkcubeko nokuphuhliswa kokomoya komzi, ilizwe, ihlabathi;
Ubuntu - bubi okanye buhle?
Abantu bajwayele ukwahlula izinto, iziganeko, iziganeko zibe "abamnyama" kunye "ezimhlophe." Yonke into ine-polarity. Iimpawu ezibonakalisa ubuntu zingaba ngokugqithiseleyo, zingabonakali kakubi ngemigangatho yoluntu kwaye umntu ngamnye akayiyo into. Isitayela ngasinye somculi kunye "nokubhala ngesandla" komntu ophulaphulayo kunemibala eyahlukeneyo yokuziphatha. Ubuntu obuguqukayo buba yintlambo kubangela abantu, ubuncinane-ukuphazamiseka.
Ngaba ukudibanisa kubambisana nomntu ngamnye?
Ubuntu bomntu kwicandelo elithile lomendo lifuna iqela apho likwazi ukuchuma kwaye lizaliseke. Umntu uqala ukukhula ngokwemisebenzi, ukugqwesa kwimiphumo yomsebenzi okanye umgangatho womsebenzi "wabantu abaphakathi" beqoqo - ingquzulwano yenziwa phakathi kweqela kunye nomntu ngamnye. Ubuntu obubhengeziweyo bubangela ukucaphukisa phakathi kweqela lonke, abaxhamli bemisebenzi yabo. Enye imeko ikhula kwimibutho yokubambisana, apho abantu ngabanye bayamkelwa kuphela.
Uwuphi umehluko phakathi komntu kunye nobuntu?
Iingcamango zobuntu kunye nokuma komntu ngamnye kumqolo omnye ngokubhekiselele kubonakaliso obuchazayo babantu. Umntu uyincazelo yokuqala engabonakaliswa ngumntu ozelweyo, esetyenziswe njengegama le-biological. Iingqondo zentlalo zihlukanisa phakathi kweengcamango ezifanayo ekuqaleni:
Umntu ngamnye (isiLatini - ebalulekileyo, engabonakaliyo):
- umntu omnye, ilungu loluntu.
- inkcazo ebanzi, kubandakanywa nesimo esinikezelweyo-isethi yamagciwane, iimpawu ze-phenotypic, ubulili, ubudala, umzimba.
Ubuntu:
- Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zempawu zomntu othile.
- ikhula ngexesha: indlela yomntu ebomini kunye nezigaba zokubunjwa kobuntu, ukuzimisela, ukuqonda indawo yomntu ebomini.
Uwuphi umehluko phakathi kobuntu nobuntu?
Ubunjani bomntu bubonakaliswa ngobuntu bakhe. Ezi ngcamango zombini zidla ngokufanayo. Akunakwenzeka ukufumana umntu ngaphandle komntu. Iingcali zengqondo zithi ubuntamo buba nzima kakhulu, umntu ngamnye uvela kumntu kwaye kuphela umntu obumbayo angabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ngumntu ngamnye kuluntu. Kwimixholo yengqondo yenkcazo, ubuntu kunye nobuntu bafani:
Ubuntu:
- ukuba kwenzeke ebomini bakhe ngexesha lokusebenzisana noluntu;
- umntu oqolileyo kunye nemibono nemibono ebomini;
- Unemigangatho ezinzileyo yeempawu ezihlalayo nangaphantsi kweemeko zokusingqongileyo.
Ubuntu:
- umntu ufumana ngokuzalwa kwaye ngamnye unakho;
- unceda ukuma kwisihlwele, kodwa yena ngokwakhe akayi kuba ngumntu;
- zihlala ziguquka phantsi kwefuthe loluntu.
Indlela yokuba ngumntu ngamnye?
Izwi elidumileyo uO. Ould lithi: "Yiba wena, ezinye iindima zixakekile." Namhlanje kuye kwaba nemfashini yokubonakalisa abantu ngabanye, baphumelele kwabanye. Kodwa nokuba lo mntu, okwenza umntu aziqwalasele ngokwawo, into ekhunjulwayo, wonke umntu uyazichaza ngokwakhe. Ukuphuhliswa komntu ngamnye kubandakanya ukusebenza kwangaphakathi komntu ngamnye:
- ukuphuhlisa isitayela sakhe (iimpahla, indlela yokuthetha, iinwele, isenzo);
- ukwakheka kwendawo yokujonga ngayo;
- ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokuthetha (ukuthetha koluntu);
- Yeka ukunyamekela oko abanye bacinga okanye bathi (i-pofigism enempilo);
- ukuzithemba okukhulu;
- ukukhumbuza rhoqo kuwe ngokuzikhethela kwakho kunye nokuqala.