Ukufundwa kwamakhono abantu aphakamileyo kwakunomdla kwii-psychologists emva kwekhulu le-19. Imisebenzi emininzi yeengcali ayisinceda kuphela ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zobungakanani zikhona, kodwa nokufumana iindlela zokuphuhlisa iitalente. Ukuze uqonde ukuba umntu unikwe into ekhethekileyo, kufuneka asebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ubungakanani, italente, ingqondo kwengqondo
Inkcazo yamandla aphakamileyo anikezelwa nguTeplov, owamchaza njengendlela yokubambisana-yokuqala yeempawu ezibangela impumelelo kwimpumelelo ethile kwintlobo ethile yomsebenzi. Ingcamango yokuba "ubuchule" kwisingqondo sengqondo ayilingana nobuchule okanye italente. Ezi ngcaciso zithetha ukuba umntu ungona mgangatho ophezulu wezobugcisa okanye uphuhliso lomntu womntu . Amathuba anokwenzeka anxulumene nalawo angabonakali ngexesha lobomi kunye nokunyaniseka kwento eshiwo kuyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukuphuhliswa kokunikezelwa ekuzalweni.
Iintlobo zobungqina kunye neempawu zabo
Kukho izigaba ezininzi zamakhono, ubuninzi beengcali ziyahlula ngokubaluleka (kuboniswe kwaye kungabonakali), ezinye ngexesha lokuvela (ekuqaleni nangemva kwexesha). Kodwa ukubhalwa kweentlobo ezithandwayo kweentlobo zobungakanani kusekelwe kummandla wobonakaliso babo. Kuloluhlu, izintlu ezisele zisetyenziswe njengeempawu, oko kukuthi, ukuxhomekeka komculo kungenakuqala, kuthethwa ngamandla kwaye kukhethekile, umzekelo, indoda ayisebenzi kangako njengoko ebaqambayo.
Ngokutsho kokufundwa okuthandwayo, amandla okukwazi:
- kwimisebenzi yendalo (italente yemvelo yokuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo, imisebenzi yobugcisa okanye imisebenzi yentlangano);
- kwimigqaliselo yokufunda kunye neengqondo (isayensi);
- kwimigangatho yezobugcisa (umdwebo, umculo, umfanekiso);
- kwintsimi yoqhagamshelwano (i-oratory);
- kwimisebenzi yexabiso lezinto zokomoya (ukudala ixabiso elitsha, inkonzo kuluntu).
Ubuchule obunengqondo
Ezi zakhono zibonakalisiwe, ukususela ebusheni, ebuntwaneni babunzima ukuphawula kwanokuba ngabafundi beengqondo. Uhlobo lwesipho sengqondo lungabonakaliswa yiimvavanyo ezizodwa ezivavanya umntu ukuba enze ukwakheka okunengqiqo. Amacandelo anceda ukuchaza indawo apho ubuchule bubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo ngakumbi, umzekelo, umntu unokukwazi ukuqonda i-sciences echanekileyo, kodwa akanako ukukwazi ukufunda iilwimi. Unokuzihlakulela xa ukhuthaza umntu ukuba abe nolwazi olunzulu malunga nesihloko kwaye anikezele ngezibonelelo eziyimfuneko.
Ubuchule bokusebenza
Ibonakala kubuntwaneni kunye nomdala. Ziyakhuliswa kwizicwangciso ezikhethekileyo kunye namacandelo, umzekelo, isikolo somculo okanye i-studio ye-ISO. Kukho iintlobo ezi-2 zamakhono afanayo kwaye kubalulekile ukuthatha le ngqalelo xa kuphuhlisa. Ngokwale nkcazo, iintlobo zobungqina kule ndawo ziya kuthiwa kuphela ngendlela efanelekileyo yomntu ngokwakhe, utitshala okanye umzali. Ngaphandle koko, akusayi kuba niphumo elihle kwizifundo.
Uhlobo lwezakhono zobugcisa:
- Ngengqiqo . Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo, okokuba, umntwana okanye umntu omdala kulula ukukhumbula nokusebenzisa nayiphi na ingcaciso echaphazelekayo kwindawo ekhethiweyo.
- ZeMfundo . Umntu unomdla kumxholo ngokukhethayo, impumelelo yakhe ilandelwa ngamathuba okuhla kwaye kubalulekile ukuxhasa iinjongo zokufezekisa iinjongo zomntwana onjalo okanye umntu omdala.
Iimpazamo zomculo
Kuloluhlu olubanzi luhlu lokusetyenzwa kwamakhono obugcisa. Izibonakaliso zobungakanani kwimimandla yomculo zicacile, zivame ukubonakaliswa kwasebuncinaneni. Ukuphulaphula kakuhle, ukukwazi ukuvelisa ingoma evezwe ngokukhawuleza, ubukho belizwi lokucula kunzima ukuyijonga. Njengomthetho, abazali bazama ukunika abantwana esikolweni esikhethekileyo, umsebenzi ophezulu ootitshala nabacebisi kukuxhasa izikolo.
Ezemidlalo izipho
Ayibonakali kuphela kwintsimi yomsebenzi wokuqonda, kodwa nakwinkalo ye-physiology. Ezinye iintlobo zesipho asiqabile ukuba nesibonakaliso esicacileyo, ngokungafani nakulo lwazi. Ukuhamba kwamalungu, ubude beetoni kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezihlunu ukuya kolunye ulwabiwo zonke zichongiwe ngamagqirha, kungekhona ngabafundi beengqondo, kwaye zichaphazela ukuphumelela koqeqesho lwezemidlalo lolunye uhlobo. Kungcono ukuchonga izipho ebuntwaneni, umntu omdala akanakwenzeka ukuba akwazi ukuphuhlisa ubuchule obuphezulu. Ngoko ke, umntwana ukhuthazwa ukuba aboniswe oogqirha nabaqeqeshi abaneminyaka emi-5-6.
Ubuchule bokudala
Olu hlobo lweengcali alukhethiweyo njenge-subtype ehlukileyo. Kodwa ezinye izazi zeengqondo zikholelwa ukuba kulufanelekile ukuba ziqwalasele ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye zichaze ngokungabikho kokuqwalaselwa kwimizila, iindibano kunye nokuphakamisa iziphathamandla kwizinga lezithixo. Iimpawu zobunono bokudala zichongiwe yintsimi yomsebenzi wabantu, umzekelo, umculo okanye ukukwazi ukufikelela kwisayensi. Bayazibonakalisa ngokucacileyo kungekhona ebuntwaneni kuphela, kodwa nakumntu omdala okanye osekhulile, nangona okokugqibela kungekho rhoqo.
Isifundo sobuchule
Ukukwazi ukufunda, umntwana kunye nomntu omdala, onikwe wona, kulula ukuqonda izifundo ezintsha. Ukubonakaliswa kwesipho kubakho ebuntwaneni, ngokuqhelekileyo ootitshala baqaphela abantu abanjalo kwisikolo esiprayimari. Abafundi abanalo olu buchule abayisebenzisi umzamo omkhulu ekufundeni izifundo, kuthiwa babambe naluphi na ulwazi kwi-fly, ngokukhawuleza badibanise ngokuchanekileyo nolwazi olukhoyo. Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba ngaphandle kokukhuthaza abantu abadala okanye ukuzithiba kwemisebenzi yabo, abantu abanjalo banokulibala ngokukhawuleza malunga nokuzikhethela kwabo kwaye bangahlakuli.
Ubuntu bobuchule
Ibonakalisa kwi-value-spirituality sphere. Ububungqina bomntu bubangela ukuba uhlale efuna iindlela ezintsha zokuphuhliswa koluntu, uncedo kwiqela elithile labantu. Akunjalo ukuba aba bantu banake ingqalelo kwiingxaki zezoqoqosho, kwezinye iimeko bazibandakanya ekudalweni kwezinto zokomoya, babe ngabafundisi okanye abacebisi. Ukusuka kubo, ootitshala abagqwesileyo kunye nootitshala bangaphuma. Ukufundwa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo kubonakala kudlalwa ebuntwaneni kunye nokudala.
Izipho zoMholi
Ubunzima belolu hlobo luhlala lukho, kodwa alufaneki. Imizekelo ebalulekileyo yabantu abanjalo ngabaholi bezopolitiko, iinkokheli zemikhosi, abalawuli. Okokuthi, abo baziyo ukufaka impembelelo kwabanye ubuqu, baholele kubo, babakhuthaze ukuba benze izenzo ezithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abanjalo baba ngamagunya olwaphulo-mthetho, ngoko ke, xa bechonga ubuchule basebancinaneni, kubalulekile ukumnika umntwana isimo sengqondo esilungileyo, ukunika kuye ixabiso elihloniphekileyo kuluntu lenkcubeko.
Iikhrayitheriya zesipho salo hlobo zifana nabanye. Ubuchule buyakwazi ukufunyanwa ekuqaleni kwexesha elide kunye nexesha elide, zivakaliswa kwaye zingabi ziphuhlisiwe kwaye azikho. Iimpawu zobunkokeli kunye neetalente ziba yinto engafanelekanga, ukuba umntu akenzanga ngenjongo yokuzibandakanya ekukhulisweni kwabo. Kubalulekile ukuxhasa iinjongo zenkokeli ukuba zifunde i-receptical receptions, ukudlula ukuqeqesha, ukwandisa ukuzithemba.
Iincwadi zobungakanani
Oku kukwazi ukudala iitekisi zobugcisa. Ukuphuhliswa kwezipho kwenzeka ukuba umntu okanye abazali bomntwana banike ixesha lokuqeshwa ngendalo yokubhala. Abantu abanjalo bavame ukuba ngumvelisi weengcamango, kodwa uhlangothi oluphambene naloo ngqekembe yimeko yokwesaba nokunganyaniseki. Ngenxa yoko, ukuxhaswa ngabanye kubalulekile, ukukhuthazwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokukwazi ukuphendula ngokuqinisekileyo ukugxeka.
Ubupho bungabonakalisa naluphi na ubudala, ngoko abantu abadala abafanelekanga ukulahla ezo zinto zokudala, ezengqondo, zokomoya nezemidlalo abafuna ukuziqonda. Mhlawumbi baya kufumana amakhono amasha ngokwabo kwaye bahlakulele. Umsebenzi wabazali kukubonakaliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezipho kubantwana kwaye ubhekisele kwiiklasi ezifanelekileyo, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yokuziphatha nokubonelela ngezixhobo zokuphumelela kwintsimi ekhethiweyo.