Igama elithi "ukhuseleko loqoqosho" kufuneka lithathwe njengengcamango enkulu. Umsebenzi wale ndawo ukuqinisa uhulumeni, ukwanda okuzinzile kwimveliso yezabasebenzi kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuveliswa kwemveliso. Iimfihlelo ezininzi zisetyenziswe kwizicwangciso zokukhusela ishishini.
Yintoni "ukhuseleko loqoqosho"?
Ukhuseleko loqoqosho luyingcaphephe yolwazi lwezemfundo, apho umntu afundisisa imeko yezoqoqosho, eqinisekisa ukwaneliseka okwaneleyo kwezixhobo ezifunekayo zelizwe, ulawulo lwentlalo malunga nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi basekhaya kunye nokukhuselwa kwexabiso loqoqosho. Izinto eziphambili:
- Phuhliso . Xa uqoqosho luphuculanga, lube sisengozini kwengozi yangaphandle.
- Uzinzo . Isikhundla esizinzileyo sikuvumela ukuba umelane nemithwalo.
Umlinganiselo oyintloko uvavanyo lwentlalo yezoqoqosho, ngokuqwalasela izixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kobume babo, inkunzi-mali yelizwe, umlinganiselo ukuya kwiindawo ezigcinwe kwamanye amazwe. Ukhuseleko loqoqosho luxhalaba lweengcali ezahlukeneyo, banenkxalabo:
- masebe e yesebe;
- iinkonzo zerhafu kunye namasiko;
- iibhanki kunye nemali.
Ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho lusenza ntoni?
Ingundoqo yokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho lufezekiswa kwiinkcukacha ezihlukeneyo, kodwa iindleko zabo zibambe iqhaza eliphambili. Le miqathango imida, ukwephulwa kwayo okuthintela ukwakheka kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo okuvelisa, kwaye kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi ekukhuselweni koqoqosho, ngoko ke indima ebaluleke kakhulu idlalwe yimibutho yamazwe anomdla wokugcina ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo lwezoqoqosho.
Iintlobo zokhuseleko loqoqosho
Njengawe nayiphi na inkqubo, ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho lulo lwakhiwo lwalo, kwaye ukungazinzi kwesinye sezilwanyana kunokukhupha ukuqhuma kwe "pyramid" yonke. Abahlalutyi bachaza izinto ezinjalo zokwakha ukhuseleko loqoqosho:
- Ubugcisa kunye nezoshishino . Kulawulo lobutyebi bemvelo, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle nokuthengiswa.
- Amandla . Iqinisekisa ukuzinza nokubunjwa kwamafektri kunye namafektri, ukukhathazeka kwemveliso, okuzisa inzuzo kwingxowa-mali kaRhulumente.
- Ixabiso lemali . Kubonisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, edibene nokuhamba kwemali. Imarike yemali, ibhalansi yeentengiso kunye neentlawulo zelizwe ngokukhawuleza kuboniswa kumanani.
- ZeMali . Iimpawu zengeniso kuhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali, ingeniso yeebhanki, iimarike zokhuseleko.
- Ngengqiqo . Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abenzi, ilungelo lobunikazi, ukulawulwa ngamasiko.
- Ulwazi . Ukulawula phezu komsebenzi weendaba, ukubonelela ngolwazi, ukunyanzelwa kokubhala nokubhala.
- Zo qoqosho . Ukusebenzisana noqoqosho lwehlabathi, izibonakaliso zorhwebo lwangaphandle, iziphumo zee-balance balance year.
Indima ekhulayo idlala yokhuseleko loqoqosho lwezoshishino-amanyathelo okujoliswe ekukhuseleni imisebenzi yabashishini. Iingxaki ezinjengeengxabano kwiinkampani, izinsongelo kwiinkqubo zobugebengu, izicwangciso zobuqhetseba zifuna indlela ecacileyo kwisisombululo sabo. Ngoko ke, iinkonzo zokhuseleko zisebenza ngokusekelwe kwiintlobo zokukhusela:
- zenyama : ukhuseleko kunye neekhamera zokhuseleko;
- qoqosho : uphando lwerhafu nokuphuculwa;
- abasebenzi-abasebenzi : ukulawula abasebenzi;
- olusemthethweni : uviwo lweentengiselwano, uhlalutyo lweeprojekthi.
Izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loqoqosho
Ekubeni sithetha ngeprogram ehlanganisa amaninzi amanqaku, kuphela inkqubo efana neyokhuseleko inokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwayo. Imigaqo eyisiseko yokhuseleko loqoqosho:
- Inxaxheba ebalulekileyo yomthetho.
- Ukuthotyelwa kwemilinganiselo yezoqoqosho kwiintsapho kunye nelizwe.
- Ukukhawuleza kwamanyathelo athathwe ukukhusela "iintsika" zoqoqosho. "
- Ukukhethwa kwezisombululo ezinokuthula kwiingxaki, zombini zangaphakathi nangaphakathi.
- Ukudibanisa iinkqubo zelizwe kunye nehlabathi jikelele lokhuseleko loqoqosho.
Izinga lokhuseleko loqoqosho
Ingqiqo yokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho ithetha ukuba amazinga anqunywe yizinto:
- Indawo yendawo yelizwe, ukufumaneka kwezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo.
- Amandla emali kunye nempi karhulumente, isicwangciso saso sophuhliso.
- Uncedo kumashishini oshishino.
Ukusongela ukhuseleko loqoqosho
Isicwangciso sokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho siqwalasela iingongelo ezininzi kuzo zonke iimpawu zayo. Iingcali zigcina imeko ilawulwa, idibanise ngokucacileyo izinto ngaphakathi zangaphakathi:
- ukwehla kotyalo-mali, ukwehla kwemisebenzi yezoshishino;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto zesayensi zorhulumente;
- ukulungiswa kwepropati ephakamileyo yoluntu.
Na ngaphandle:
- ukufuduka kweengcali zeetalente;
- ukuphuma kwenkunzi kwiingxelo zeYurophu;
- ukukhula koluntu ityala;
- ukulahlekelwa kweemarike zaseNtshona.
Iincwadi ngokukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho
Namhlanje uncwadi lwezokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho luboniswa yiincwadi ezininzi ngababhali baseYurophu nabaseRussia: ezivela kwiincwadi zezifundo kunye neencwadi zokufumana iiferensi ezixabisekileyo kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi. Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ukhuseleko lwezezimali kunye noqoqosho, imisebenzi iya kunceda:
- V. Chernyak, N. Eliashvili. "Ukulawula ingozi yezoshishino kwinkqubo yokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho . " I-monograph ibonisa ubunzulu kwintsimi yoshishino, ubudlelwane phakathi kwemibutho karhulumente kunye nabaphathi bezoshishino.
- K. Burkeeva. "IsiNgesi kwintsimi yokhuseleko loqoqosho . " Le ncwadana ikufundisa ukuba usombulule iingxaki ezilula kwaye ezinzima, ngokusekelwe kumava amahle kakhulu eengcali zaseYurophu.
- I. Kuznetsov. "Ukhuseleko lwezoshishino" . Le ncwadi ihlaziya iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweenkampani: ukususela ekumiseni iinkonzo ukukhusela amacebo amacandelo.