Uvuyo lweentsuku zokuqala zokubonakala kwintsapho yentsana iphela, xa abazali beva ukuxilongwa okunjalo njengesifo senhliziyo esiswini. Ngokwezibalo, malunga ne-1% yabantwana bazalwa ngesifo esibi. Isifo senhliziyo esisweleyo sisisiphako esenzeka kwisakhiwo senhliziyo okanye imithambo yegazi ephezulu, ekhoyo ukusuka ekuzalweni.
Izizathu zesifo senhliziyo kwiintsana
Ukubonakala kwesi sikhokelo kubangelwa kukungaphumeleli kokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine. Isifo senhliziyo sivela kwi-trimester yokuqala (ukususela kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwii-8 zokukhulelwa), xa kufakwa zonke izitho zangaphakathi kunye neenkqubo ze-embryo. Izinto ezinobungozi ezibangela ukubunjwa kwesifo senhliziyo ziquka:
usulelo lwe-intrauterine (umkhuhlane, urubella, i-herpes, i-cytomegalovirus);- ukutywala kotywala ngexesha lokuqala lokukhulelwa;
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza ngumama ozayo onomphumo we-teratogenic;
- imfuza;
- izifo ze-endocrine zomama;
- ubudala bomzali bobabini.
Iimpawu zokuhluleka kwentliziyo kwintsana
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zezi ziphoso, okokuqala, i-cyanosis yesikhumba kunye neimbumba zamanzi - okubizwa ngokuba yi-cyanosis. Ininzi kaninzi iilungu kunye ne-nasolabial triangle. Izibonakaliso zesifo senhliziyo kwiintsana zintsana zibonakaliswa ngokusisigxina okanye ukubonakaliswa kwe-paroxysmal yokusilela kwintliziyo njengesidima esibi sesisindo, ubuthathaka, i-dyspnea, ukuvuvukala. Intsana eneli siphene iyancipha kwaye ikhawuleza ikhathele ekudleni. Kwixesha elizayo, umntwana uya kulahla emva kokuphuhliswa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kunye nenxalenye yabagulayo. Kwakhona, kwesi sifo, udokotela wezingane unokuva ukugungqa kwentliziyo kwaye uqaphele ukukhawuleza kwenhliziyo yomntwana. Ukuba kukho ukukrokreka kwesifo senhliziyo esiswini olutsha, kuthethwa ukubonisana ne-cardiologist, okuya kubhekisela kwizifundo ezifana ne-electrocardiogram, i-ultrasound yintliziyo.
Ukunyangwa kwesifo senhliziyo kwiintsana
Ukunyangwa kwesi sifo esibi kuncike kakhulu kubunzima nohlobo. Kukho izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "ezimhlophe" kunye ne "blue". Kuyaziwa ukuba zombini iindidi zegazi zihamba phakathi kwentliziyo - i-arterial and venous, kodwa ihlukaniswe ngamagatya awavumeli igazi lidibanise. Ngeziphene "ezimhlophe", igazi le-aortic lingena egazini legazi ngenxa yesiphako se-septum, i-septum okanye i-arterial tract. Ngomlilo we-bleach we-bleach venous ufika kwi-aortic. Iimpazamo zalolu hlobo zibandakanya iTetrada Falter, ukuphuhliswa kwee-septum, ukuguqulwa kweenqanawa ezinkulu. Kukho izibonda ze-ejection ye-ventricular-stenosis ye-trum tron, i-aortic stenosis kunye ne-aortic aorta. Ngesifo senhliziyo kwiintsana, utyando luyindlela ephumeleleyo yonyango. Ukongezelela, ezinye izinto ezimbi ngaphandle kokutyunjwa zikhokelela kwisiphumo esibulalayo. Ngoko ke, abazali bayacetyiswa ukuba babonise umntwana kungekhona kuphela kwi-cardiologist, kodwa nakwi-cardiac surgeon. Izindlela zokwelapha nje ngokuba unyango oluphambili lunqabile kakhulu. Ngoncedo lwabo kunokuba banciphise ukubonakalisa izibonakaliso-ukuhlaselwa kwe-dyspnea, i-arrhythmia. Ngeentsilelo zentliziyo, kwanele ukugcina, kuba intliziyo yomntwana iyakhula ngokwayo.
Kuninzi kuxhomekeke kubazali bomntwana. Xa isifo senhliziyo esisandul 'ukuzalwa siyimfuneko ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuhamba nomntwana emoyeni omtsha, sithukuthelise, zama ukukhusela kwizifo kunye nokuthwala. Kunconywa ukwandisa inani lezondlo ngexesha lokunciphisa inani lokusetyenziswa kweebisi.
Umntwana onesifo senhliziyo esifanelekileyo kufuneka abhalise kunye ne-cardiologist kunye nesigqirha sesidanga sesithili. I-cardiologist ihlola umntwana ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu kwaye uyithumela kwi-ECG njalo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.
Ukuba ujika ugqirha ngexesha, ungaphilisa isifo senhliziyo. Bazali, mamele iimvumba zenu!