Ukukhula izithombo zeetamatato ekhaya - iziqhelo zokutshala okufanelekileyo kunye nokukhetha

Utamatisi ungomnye wezityalo ezizithandayo. Ukuba umntu unomhlaba kwaye uyakuthanda ukuyisebenzisa, qiniseka-ngokuqinisekileyo uza kutyala ubuncinci i-tomato bush. Akunakutsholwa ukuba ukutshala izityalo kwiitamatayi ekhaya kulula kunokuba uphendule i-turnip rep, kodwa, ngolwazi oluyimfuneko, ityala lifikeleleka kwaye linokuba luncedo.

Ukutyala kweetamatato kwiintlobo

I-Ogorodniku akumele ikwazi ukutshala utamatisi kwiimbewu ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa nendlela yokukhula izityalo zentamatyambo enempilo ekhaya, indlela yokunyamekela izityalo nokukhusela iimpazamo ezibulalayo eziza kubonakalisa amahlumela okanye zichaphazele kakubi ukukhula okuqhubekayo, ukuphuhliswa kweetamatato kunye nekamva isityalo.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba izityalo zekotato

Le nqanaba elibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaleni izityalo zentantyambo ekhaya. Umhlaba ukwenzela ukuba izityalo zeetamatato azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwangaphambili, nje ukuthayipha, nokuba kukuphi na. Ukuhlambulula umhlaba kumabhodlela ezinambuzane, imbewu yokhula, iibhaktheriya ze-pathogenic njalonjalo, ichithwe kwiinyanga ezili-1.5, ize ifike efudini elifudumeleyo, idibeneyo iphinde iqhutywe kwiqhwa. Musa uvila uze uthenge esitolo umhlaba womvelisi ongaziwayo. Isiphumo esihle kakhulu siza kuba xa ulungiselele umhlaba ukususela ngekwindla.

Ukubunjwa komhlaba kuyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke kwiziphi izinto ozifumana kulula kwaye ezingabizi ukusebenzisa. Hlanganisa kumlinganiselo we-2: 1: 1 (okukhethwa kukho okunokwenzeka kuboniswa kubazali).

1. Umhlaba waseSoddy (umhlaba oqabileyo, umyezo womyezo ongaphantsi kokutsalwa kwemiqolo, i-zucchini okanye kwi-molehill).
2. Ngokugqithisileyo ubuya umquba (humus).
3. I-sandar, i-peat, i-sawdust-overgrown okanye iphathwa ngesixazululo se-urea)

Ukulungiselela imbewu yeetamatato ukutyala kwiimbewu

Ukukhula kwezithombo zeetamatato ekhaya kuqala ngokulungiselela imbewu. Ukucwangciswa kwembewu yekotato ngaphambi kokutshala kwiimbande kufaka iindlela ezilandelayo ze-agrotechnical:

1. Ukuhlela. Indlela yokuqala yokuhlola iimbonakalo zembewu: kususa umonakalo, umbala otshintshileyo, ongenanto. Indlela yesibini ukucoca i-tablespoon 1 yetyuwa kwilitha yamanzi afudumele, ahlambulukileyo, abeke imbewu apho kwaye avuse. Imbewu eseleyo kufuneka isuswe, ihlanjwe ihlambuluke ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo, ecocekileyo, omisiwe, isasazeka kumaphepha okanye kwi-gauze.
2. Hlola ukuhluma. Isixa esicatshulwayo sembewu sifakwa kwi-cotton pad, ehlanganiswe enye ipotton pad, idibene kwaye ihlume iveki. Emva koko ipesenti yembewu eye yabalwa iyabalwa. Ngendlela yokuhluma ephantsi, ukunyuka kwe-seeding kwandiswa. Ngethuba eliphantsi kwe-10-15%, imbewu ayisebenzisi ukutshala (ngaphandle kokuba uzama ukugcina nokugcina uhlobo oluthandayo)
3. Ukufudumala. Ingxowa ye-Gauze kunye neentsholongwane ezinqunyanyisiwe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ecaleni kweebhetri zokufudumala okanye ukusasazeka, ukuxuba rhoqo, phantsi kwefuthe lelanga ngeveki. Akuqhutyelwa kwimbewu yee hybridi kunye nokujoliswe ekuhlaleni kwimimandla esezantsi.
4. Ukukhutshwa komzimba . Ngokuqhelekileyo, imbewu ayinakukhutshwa yi-disinfected kwisisombululo esibomvu se-potassium permanganate (1 mg nge 1 litre yamanzi), ukunciphisa imbewu kwi-bag gauze imizuzu eyi-15-20. Emva kokuba imbewu ihlanjwe ize imiswe.
5. Ukunyuka . Kukulungele ukuqhuba kwiifologi ze-gauze kumanzi atyhutyhile ama-12 ukuya kweyure. Ubushushu bamanzi bugcinwa ngo-22-25 ° C. Amanzi ashintsha amaxesha amathathu. Imbewu ayifanele ifakelwe emanzini, kodwa ayifanele ibe yome. Ngexesha elide, susa imbewu kumanzi ukuzalisa nge-oxygen. Ukuqubuka kufuneka kwenziwe phambi kokutyala. Ukucwina kwembewu phakathi kokungena nokutshala akuvumelekanga.

Xa ukutyala utamatisi kwiimbewu?

Imbewu yokuqala yokuhlwayela imbewu kwi-home can lead to the fact that the sprouts "outgrow", iinqununu zabo zilula, eziza kubangela ukuba kufike umhlaba ovulekileyo kwaye kunokuchaphazela ukuhluthwa kwembewu. Ukuba uthe wafika emva kokutsalwa kwembewu, awuyi kufumana isivuno sokuqala, kunye nezithuba eziphezulu, akusayi kuba nexesha elaneleyo lokuvuthwa iziqhamo kwiiyunithi zokugqibela. Ixesha, xa utyala utamatisi kwizityalo, akufani noko utamatisi okhulayo okuhlukileyo:

• Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili - iintsuku ezingama-40-50 ngaphambi kokubonakala kweqhamo lokuqala;
• Phakathi kweentsuku zokuvuthwa - iintsuku ezingama-50-65;
• Ukuvuthwa kwexesha elide - iintsuku ezingama-70.

Izindlela zokutyala imbewu yee-tomato kwiimbewu

Ukutshala imbewu yeetamatato kwiimbewu enye yezona zibakala ezibalulekileyo zokulima, impumelelo echaphazela ngqo isivuno sotamatayi. Ukongeza kwindlela yendabuko (ukuhlwayela kwiibhokisi, ukucoca kwiikomityi kunye nokutshala okunye izityalo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo) ukukhula kwezityalo zamatamatayi ekhaya kungenziwa ngeendlela ezithandekayo ezenza lula ukunakekelwa kwezithombo kunye nokukhuthaza ukunyuka kwamavuno.

Ukukhula izithombo zeetamatato kwiiphilisi ze-peat

Izithombo zeetamatati kwiipilisi zamaphetshana azidingi ukukhethwa, ngoko ke inkqubo yokukhula ilula. Iinzuzo zale ndlela:

1. Ingasetyenziselwa ukukhula ezinqabileyo, iintlobo ezibizayo okanye, xa kukho inani elincinane lembewu.
2. I-Compact, kulula ukuhambisa izitya kunye neepilisi.
3. Imbewu ayiyidingi isondlo esongezelelweyo, kuba iipilisi sele iqulethe ukukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nezongezelelo zeemaminerali;
4. Inkqubo yenkcaso ifakwe kakuhle emoyeni.
5. Isityalo asinakugxininiswa xa sityalwe emhlabathini, ingcambu yenzalo ayilimazi.
6. Emva kokutyala izityalo, iimbumba ezifakwe kwiifungicides zikhusela imbewu yokuhluma kwizifo zenyama.

Ukukhula kwezityalo zeerato kwi-cochlea

Le ndlela inomdla ayizange isakazeke, ngoko-ke akubona bonke abalimi bemifuno bazi indlela yokukhuphula izithombo zentamatyambo kwintanki. Nento engenanto! Le ndlela ithembisa kwaye inezinxalenye ezininzi ezintle:

• ukulula kunye nokufikeleleka;
• enkulu yokugcina indawo;
• akukho nemali eninzi;
• Ungasebenzisa izinto ezilungisiweyo;
• Ukufunwa kwamanzi kuyadingeka;
• inkqubo yeengcambu ikhula kakuhle;
• kuthatha ixesha elincinane lokukhetha.

Indlela yaseTshayina yokukhula kwezityalo zentamatato

Indlela yokulima yaseTshayina izityalo zentamatyambo zibukeka zikhulu kakhulu. Uhlobo lwayo oluphambili kuzo zonke ezinye iindlela kukuba ngexesha lokukhetha ipropus ihlala emhlabathini: ihlumela ihlulwe phezu komhlaba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ichithwa ngokukhawuleza emhlabathini okanye kwisitya kunye namanzi ukuze ihlume iingcambu ezintsha. Le ndlela isebenza ngokukodwa kwimimandla ende . Iiplathi:

1. Kwinyanga kunye nesiqingatha, ixesha lokuhlwayelwa kwembewu ekutshaleni izityalo liyancipha.
2. Iziqhumane zeziqhamo zenziwe sele ziphakamileyo malunga ne-20 cm.
3. I zityalo zichasene nezifo.
4. Ukuphakama kwesihlathi kufutshane, i-trunk iyancipha, isityalo siphephe kakhulu umoya.

Ukunyamekela izityalo zetamatato

Ixesha elinoxanduva kunye nelibalulekileyo kukunyamekelwa kweencambu zeetamatato emva kokuhluma. Umgangatho wezinto zokutyala kunye nokuvunwa kwetamatato ngokuzayo kuxhomekeke kuyo. Ukugcinwa kweemeko zokukhanya kunye neqondo lokushisa ekhaya, ukuthambisa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokunyanzela okunyanzelekileyo, ukutya, ixesha elichithe ukukhetha izityalo - ngaphandle koku kunzima ukufumana umphumo ofanelekileyo ekuwa.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezityalo zentamatato

Ukuze ufumane isityalo esichasene nezifo kunye nezimo zemozulu ezingalunganga, kunye ne-rosette enamaqabunga asemagqabini, isiqhamo esomeleleyo esingenakuncipha xa usihlwaya emhlabathini ovulekile, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwetamatisi ngokutya okufanelekileyo. Indlela yokondla izityalo zentamatyambo kunye nendlela yokuchonga ukuba kukho ukungabikho kwamacandelo okulandelela:

1. I-nitrojeni - i-yellowing yamacembe aphantsi, ukukhula okucothayo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokushisa kunye nokunisela okufike ngexesha. Ukongezwa kwe-urea, i-ammonium nitrate.
2. I-Phosphorus i-purple hue ngasemva kwamaqabunga. Ukongezwa kwe-superphosphate emva kokufika kwindawo evulekile.
3. I-Potassium - inqande ukukhula kwepropati, i-necrosis yamacembe. Ukongezwa kwe-potassium sulfate, nitrate ye-potassium.
4. I-Magnesium - amabala phakathi kwama-streaks kumaqabunga aphantsi, amaqabunga amile aze awele. Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-magnesium sulfate.

Ukushisa kwiimbewu zetamatato

Ulawulo lokushisa kwizityalo zentamatayi lubaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni izityalo eziphilileyo, ezinamandla. Ngethuba le nkqubo yonke yokukhula kwetamatato, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu liza kuba:

• Ukuhluma kwembewu 25-30 ° C;
• imbewu emva kokuhlwayela 23-25 ​​° C;
• iziqulatho zezimbewu iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi nangemva kokukhethwa kwe-16-18 ° C;
• izityalo ezikhulayo kwimini 20-22 ° C;
• umxholo weentlobo ngobusuku ngo-14-16 ° C.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezityalo zentamatato

Kutheni kunye nendlela yokukhanyisa izityalo zetamatato: kwi-photosynthesis evamile, utamatato udinga iiyure ezili-12 ukuya kweyeshumi. Izithombo ezinokungabikho kokukhanya zilula, zinobuthathaka obuthathaka kunye namagqabantsundu. Ukukhanyisa izityalo kufuneka zibe ngosuku olufufayo ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-6 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-20. Ngosuku olukhanyayo, isibane singasuswa ngexesha eliqaqambileyo lomhla, kwaye kusasa nakusasa, musa ukuyeka ukuhlaziywa. Kungekudala, izibane ze-LED ziye zasetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa. Zizoqoqosho, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, kulula ukuyifaka.

Izifo zezityalo zentantana

Yeka indlela ecasulayo ngayo, xa ukhulile ngononophelo olunjalo kunye nemigudu emininzi, izityalo ziqala ngokukhawuleza zize zife! Izithombo zingalimaza izifo:

1. Fungal. Zenzeke ngexesha lokutshintsha kwezotshisa, ukusuka ekutheni okuninzi okuninzi kunye nokunyuka kwesantya, ukusuka kumhlaba ongcolileyo, ukwanda kwamanzi.
2. Viral. Izizathu ziimeko ezingalunganga zokulondoloza imbewu, intsholongwane ekhulelwe, iintsholongwane zisasaza isifo, ukungabikho kwezondlo emhlabeni.
3. Ibhaktheriya. Usulelo luvela kwimbewu engapheliyo, umhlaba osulelekileyo kumaqondo aphezulu okuqukethwe kunye nomswakama.
4. Ukungathobeliyo . Izityalo zinokuhlupheka ngenxa yokungabikho okanye ubuninzi bezinto ezimbiwa emaminzini emhlabeni (nitrogen, isinyithi, ithusi, i-potassium, i-calcium kunye nezinye izinto).

Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, unyango olungaphambi kokuhlwayelwa kwembewu, ukucocwa kwezilwanyana zentyatyambo kwizifo kuya kunceda. Ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo nokutshatyalaliswa komhlaba, ungalimazi ukutshala, ugcine urhulumente wokunisela kunye nolawulo lokushisa. Ukulandela ngokukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwembewu, kwiimpawu zokuqala zesifo uzame ukucacisa isizathu sayo, susa izityalo ezigulayo kwaye uqale unyango.

Izityalo zentamatato ye-Pickling

Ukukhethwa kweentlobo kwenziwa ngeenjongo zokufumana ifom ephuma kwiinkqubo zengcambu yentonga. Ingcambu engundoqo ingena enzulwini, ibe kwiindawo ezingatyebile kakhulu kwizondlo. Iingcambu ezinobomvu zisezindaweni ezisemgangathweni, ezinezondlo ezityebileyo, ezithandayo ukuveliswa kwesityalo esinamandla kunye nesivuno esihle sotamatisi.

Ukuchonga ixesha lokudibanisa izityalo zentamatato kuyo, akuyi kuba nzima: kwintsholongwane kufuneka ibonakale kumagqabi amabini angamaqabane (ngaphezu kwebhanqa lamagqabi angama-cotyledonous). Oku kwenzeka malunga nesikhombisa ngosuku lweshumi emva kokuvela. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukusebenzisa umhlaba ofanayo apho utshala khona imbewu. Ukwenza oku, ekuqaleni ekhaya, lungiselela umhlaba omningi ukuba unele ukutyala imbewu kwaye ushiye ukukhetha. Sitshala isityalo kumhlaba ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci.

Ukukhula kwezilwanyana zeetamatato ekhaya akuyona into elula, kodwa ukufunda indlela yokuziphatha kakuhle onke amanqanaba ayo kunokwenzeka nakwizinga elinobuchule kakhulu. Ukuze ungenzi iimpazamo ngokwemiqathango, gcina irekhodi. Makube ngumagazini okhethekileyo okanye i-notebook, apho ufaka ulwazi malunga nomhla wokuvelisa imbewu, ukubunjwa komhlaba, ixesha lokukhetha, ukondla kunye nolunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo. Baya kukunceda, ukuba kunyanzelekile, ukugqiba apho iphutha lenze khona okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, khumbula kwaye emva koko usebenzise amanyathelo aphumelele kakhulu.