Ukungena ngaphakathi kuphuhliso olunzulu lobuntu xa uxhulumana nabanye. Umntu uyakwazi ukuzihlola, ukukhetha umsebenzi kunye nokulawula inkambo yayo, ukujonga iindleko zoluntu. Iingcamango zengxoxo-ntle zifumene isicelo saloo nzu lulwazi: ifilosofi, i-psychology, i-teaching and sociology.
Ziyintoni i-interiorization?
Ukungena ngaphakathi kukubunjwa kwezakhiwo zengqondo zangaphakathi ezizinzileyo ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wezentlalo wangaphandle. Xa iinkqubo zangaphakathi zenzeke:
- phuhliso lo kucinga;
- ukukhula komzimba kunye nokuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi yengqondo yonke;
- ukubunjwa kwamava obomi ;
- yentlalo yoluntu.
Yintoni ukuchithwa kweengqondo?
Yonke imisebenzi yangaphandle yomntu ilawulwa ngumsebenzi wengqondo yangaphakathi. Ukungena ngaphakathi kwengqondo kukufunda kwiinkqubo zokucwangcisa ulwazi oluvela ngaphandle lwangaphakathi. Umntu usebenza ngezenzo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko kuveliswe amava avumela ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi ojoliswe kusengqondweni, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezinto ngokwabo. Ukwakhiwa kweeyunithi ezizinzileyo zengqondo kunceda umntu ukuba "ahambe" ngengqondo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
Uphononongo olwenziwe ngongcamango lwabandakanya iingcali zeengqondo uJaagag, uL. Vygotsky ngokwembono apho nayiphi na imisebenzi yengqondo eyakhiwa njengangaphandle, ngoko kwinkqubo yokubambiswa kwangaphakathi kubangela ingcambu kwintliziyo yengqondo ngokwayo. Ukubunjwa kwentetho kwenzeka kwinkqubo yokuphunyezwa kwangaphakathi kwaye yenziwa ngamanyathelo amathathu:
- Abantu abadala basebenzisa intetho yabo ukuba bachaphazele umntwana, bamkhuthaze ukuba asebenze.
- Umntwana ufumana iindlela zokunxibelelana kwaye uqala ukuchaphazela umntu omdala.
- Kwixesha elizayo, umntwana uyathintela igama kuye.
Ziyintoni ukuhanjiswa kwindlela yokufundisa?
Ukuchithwa kwamanyathelo ekufundiseni kuyinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa ukuqonda kobuntu bomfundi kwaye unikezelwa indawo ebalulekileyo kwaye umphumo wale nkqubo ayiqhubeki kuphela ngokufumana ulwazi olutsha ngabafundi, kodwa nangokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo somntu . Ukuphambana ngokuphumelelayo kwabafundi besikolo kuxhomekeke kubuntu bootitshala ngokwabo. Kukholelwa ukuba iinkalo eziphambili kwi-pedagogy yinkqubo yemfundo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwemilinganiselo yabantu ebangela ukuba:
- uphuhliso lomntu ohambelana nomfundi;
- ukwakheka kwenkalo ekhuthazayo yokukhuthaza;
- ukuhambelana nokuziphatha nokuziphatha kunye nemimiselo yoluntu.
Ukwahlula kwifilosofi
Iingcamango zokunxibelelanisa zamkelwa ngabafilosofi. Umsebenzi osebenzayo yindlela yokwazi ihlabathi kunye nokuba. Icandelo lefilosofi-gnoseology liyabona ekusebenzeni inyaniso, kodwa umgaqo ngokwawo uyindlela yokwenza ulwazi olusisiseko. D.V. I-Pivovarov yagqiba: amava omntu akhiwa kumsebenzi osebenzayo ngokuthelekisa kunye nendawo ekhoyo ekhoyo yenkalo. Umgaqo wokubambisana ngefilosofi kubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wokuqonda ngomntu uyindlela yokuqonda.
Ulungelelaniso kwi-Sociology
Ulwahlulo lwentlalo yinkqubo yokwakha ubumbano kunye nokubaluleka komntu njengeyunithi yentlalo ngokubambisana kweempawu, imimiselo kunye nelifa lemveli ngumntu ngamnye. Uluntu luhlala luhlala lukhula kwaye umntu kufuneka alinganise neemeko zentlalo eguqukayo. Izazi zezenkolo zikholelwa ukuba ukuphuhliswa komntu ngamnye kubangelwa yimisebenzi eyenziwa ngokubambisana. Indlela yokongelelaniswa komntu inamalungu amathathu:
- Ngomnye . Ingcamango kaL. Vygotsky malunga nendawo yokuphuhliswa kwantoni yomntwana ibonisa ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuzaliseka okuhlanganyelweneyo kwezenzo ezingaqhelekanga kumntwana - oku kuluhlobo lomsebenzi we-intrapsychic (ngamnye).
- Ukusetyenziswa . "Siya kuba" mna ". Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, bethetha ngokwabo kumntu wesithathu - bazibiza ngegama, njengoko kuthiwa ngabantu abadala. Utshintsho kwi "I" - kukho ukuqonda ngokwabo kunye nokwanda kweentsingiselo kunentsingiselo.
- Ukuveliswa kwendiza yangaphakathi yokuqonda okanye ukukhenkcezwa kobuntu . Kule nqanaba, kukho ukuchithwa - inkqubo yokunikezela ngaphandle kolwazi oluchitshiweyo, ulwazi, amava. Isabelo kunye nokuphathwa kweendlela zokuziphatha ezizinzileyo.