Ukubunjwa kwegazi lomntu kunokuchazwa ngokwemiqathango ngale ndlela: i-plasma (inxalenye yamanzi), i-leukocyte (imizimba emhlophe enoxanduva lokukhusela umzimba), amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (imizimba ebomvu ethwele i-oksijini emzimbeni), iiplatelets, ngenxa yokuba igazi ligocekile kwilonda.
Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngamaseli obomvu. Ziquka i-hemoglobin, "ehambisa" i-oxygen kuzo zonke iisculi kunye nezitho. Ukuba izinga le-erythrocytes okanye i- hemoglobin egazini liyancipha, lithetha nge-anemia okanye i-anemia. Ngeendlela ezibuhlungu zeli meko, ukutya okukhethekileyo kunye nentsimbi okanye izinto ezinobuthi bevithamini ezichanekileyo. Kwi-hemoglobin ephantsi kakhulu, ukumpontshelwa igazi yindlela kuphela yokugcina isigulane.
Ukuhambelana kwamaqela egazi ngokumpontshelwa
Kwiyeza, ukudluliselwa igazi kuthiwa ukutyelwa igazi. Igazi lomniki-mali (umntu ophilileyo) kunye nommkeli (isifo sengqondo semfuyo) kufuneka ahambisane neendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:
- iqela;
- IR Rh.
Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kwakucatshulwa ukuba igazi leqela lokuqala li-Rh nento engalunganga kubo bonke abanye abantu, kodwa kamva kwinto efunyenwe ngayo i-erythrocyte agglutination. Kwavela ukuba igazi kunye neqela elifanayo kunye neR Rh inokungahambelani ngenxa yento ebizwa ngokuba yimpikiswano. antigens. Ukuba wenza igazi lokumpontshelwa ngegazi, iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zihlangene kunye kwaye isiguli siya kufa. Ukuthintela oku, isilingo esingaphezu kweyodwa senziwa ngaphambi kokuba uphelelwe igazi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba igazi sele lisetyenzisiweyo kwifomu yalo, kwaye kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zokuxilongwa kwegazi, ukuxilongwa kwezinto zayo kunye namalungiselelo (i-plasma, iiprotheni, njl njl njl). Nge-anemia, ubunzima be-erythrocyte buboniswa - buza kuthiwa kwakhona njengegazi.
I sampulu zegazi
Ngoko, akukho liqela legazi lehlabathi lonke lokumpontshelwa igazi, ngenxa yoko:
- Iqela legazi lesigulane nge-anemia lihlolwe esibhedlele kabini, ngoko lifaniswa nomniki-nye (kubhaliwe kwiphakheji);
- Iqela legazi lomniki-mali libuye libuyele kwibhubhoratri, kuthatha isampuli kwiphakethi;
- ukuhambelana kwegazi lomguli kwaye umnikeli uhlolwe kwibhubhoratri.
Ukuba yonke into iyafana, uvavanyo lwe-biological lwenziwe ngegazi. Isigulana esinemiphunga ye-anemia ifakwe nge-25 ml ye-erythrocytic pulmonary mass, linda imizuzu emithathu. Phinda kwakhona amaxesha aphindwe kabini kunye nexesha eliyimitha emithathu. Ukuba emva kwe-75 ml yegazi lomnikeli ojoyiweyo isigulane sinomuva oqhelekileyo, ubunzima bubulungele. Ukugqithiswa okuqhubekayo kudlulayo (40 - 60 amaconsi ngomzuzu). Ugqirha kufuneka ahlole le nkqubo. Kwiphakethi kunye nomxhasi we-erythrocyte, emva kokupheliswa kwegazi, malunga ne-15 ml kufuneka ihlale. Iintsuku ezimbini zigcinwa kwifriji: ukuba emva kokumpontshelwa igazi kukho iingxaki, oku kuya kunceda ukuseka isizathu.